The National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction

grooming process to coerce the youth into sexualized discussions, transmission of selfcreatedimages, or offline sexual contact (typically intercourse). In total, 52% ofoffenders lied about at least one aspect of themselves. Yet significant deception did notappear to be common (Wolak et al. 2008b). A quarter (25%) of adults participating inInternet-initiated sexual relationships with minors shaved off a few years from their realage, a practice also common in online adult–adult interactions (Hancock et al. 2007), and26% lied about some other aspect of their identity. Only 5% of offenders pretended to bethe same age as the youth victim online (Wolak et al. 2004). Wolak, Finkelhor, Mitchell,and Ybarra concluded that, ‘when deception does occur, it often involves promises oflove and romance by offenders whose intentions are primarily sexual’ (2008b: 113)” p.16* * *“In the small number of offline meetings between minors and adults that involved sex,interviews with police indicate that most victims are underage adolescents who knowthey are going to meet adults for sexual encounters and the offenses tended to fit a modelof statutory rape involving a postpubescent minor having nonforcible sexual relationswith an adult, most frequently in their twenties (Hines and Finkelhor 2007; Wolak et al.2008b). Of all law enforcement reports of Internet-initiated sexual encounters, 95% ofreported cases were nonforcible (Wolak et al. 2004). In one national survey (YISS-1) noinstances of Internet-initiated sex were reported, and another (YISS-2), two youth out of1500 (one 15-year-old girl and one 16-year-old girl) surveyed reported an offline sexualassault resulting from online solicitation. Although identity deception may occur online,it does not appear to play a large role in criminal cases where adult sex offenders havebeen arrested for sex crimes in which they met victims online; only 5% of youth weredeceived by offenders claiming to be teens or lying about their sexual intentions (Wolaket al. 2008b).” p. 17-18.* * *“Similarly, despite anecdotal reports (Quayle and Taylor 2001), cyberstalking—a crimewhere offenders locate youth offline using information found online (Jaishankar et al.2008)—appears to be very rare (Wolak et al. 2008b).” p. 18.* * *“In addition to being a crime in and of itself, child pornography also factors into sexualsolicitation. Some offenders expose youth to child pornography during the groomingprocess and make videos and images of offline sexual acts with youth, or ask youth totake sexual pictures of themselves. Once these videos and images are uploaded, it isnearly impossible to keep them from being traded, downloaded, and viewed by thirdparties. Taylor and Quayle describe the way this content can never be deleted as, ‘apermanent record of crime, and serves to perpetuate the images and memory of thatabuse’ (Taylor and Quayle 2003: 24).” p. 35.C-4