The National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction
The National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction The National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction
software, to trade images. Further investigation revealed that she had also molested the 3-yearolddaughter of an acquaintance.She pled guilty to possessing child pornography and was sentenced to four years in federalprison and 15 years of supervised release. She will also be required to undergo sex offendertreatment while in prison.U.S. v. WittICE press release: Kettering man sentenced to 10 years in prison for transmitting childpornography over the Internet, March 13, 2007,http://www.ice.gov/pi/news/newsreleases/articles/070313dayton.htmThe defendant went from chatting with other offenders about sexual activities involving children,to encouraging others in the online community to use their webcams to show children, and tousing his own webcam in that manner. In March 2004, he turned to an infant being cared for by afamily member, and used his webcam to video tape himself removing the infant’s diaper andmasturbating to that. This was streamed live over the Internet to other members in the onlinecommunity.B-7
APPENDIX C THREAT ASSESSMENT: ACADEMIC RESEARCH It is important to note that the inclusion of any study or research project in this Report is notintended to convey support for the findings of any of such study or research project.The Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University, Enhancing Child Safety& Online Technologies: Final Report of the Internet Safety Technical Task Force to theMulti-State Working Group on Social Networking of State Attorneys General of the UnitedStates, December 31, 2008,http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/sites/cyber.law.harvard.edu/files/ISTTF_Final_ReportExecutive_Summary.pdfThe following excerpts are from the main text of the study and Appendix C: Research AdvisoryBoard Literature Review of the study.Selected Quotes from the Main Text:From the Harvard Study: “More problematically, media coverage has regularlymischaracterized research in this area, thus contributing to inaccurate perceptions of whatrisks youth face. This problem was most visible in the public coverage of the OnlineVictimization studies done at the Crimes Against Children’s Research Center (Finkelhor etal. 2000; Wolak et al. 2006). These reports are frequently referenced to highlight that one infive or one in seven minors are sexually solicited online. Without context, this citationimplies massive solicitation of minors by older adults. As discussed below, other peers andyoung adults account for 90%-94% of solicitations in which approximate age is known(Finkelhor et al. 2000; Wolak et al. 2006). Also, many acts of solicitation online areharassing or teasing communications that are not designed to seduce youth into offline sexualencounters; 69% of solicitations involve no attempt at offline contact (Wolak et al. 2006).Misperception of these findings perpetuates myths that distract the public from solving theactual problems youth face.” pp. 13-14.* * *“Although numerous studies have examined sexual solicitation, three national datasetsprovide the most statistically valid findings— N-JOV, YISS-1, and YISS-2— and areregularly analyzed in articles by Wolak, Finkelhor, Ybarra, and Mitchell. Findings inregional studies (e.g., McQuade and Sampat 2008; Rosen et al. 2008) affirm their trends.“The percentages of youth who receive sexual solicitations online have declined from 19% in2000 to 13% in 2006 and most recipients (81%) are between 14–17 years of age (Finkelhor etal. 2000; Wolak et al. 2006). For comparison, a regional study in Los Angeles found that14% of teens reported receiving unwanted messages with sexual innuendos or links onMySpace (Rosen et al. 2008) and a study in upstate New York found that 2% of fourththrough sixth graders were asked about their bodies, and 11% of seventh through ninthgraders and 23% of tenth through twelfth graders have been asked sexual questions onlineC-1
- Page 115 and 116: Finally, G/TIP has worked extensive
- Page 117 and 118: F. Review of Internet Safety Progra
- Page 119 and 120: the accessibility, cost, and effect
- Page 121 and 122: activity by predators searching for
- Page 123 and 124: 3. Federal Trade Commission and Dep
- Page 125 and 126: Funder: • U.S. Department of Agri
- Page 127 and 128: Delivery: • Online games; printab
- Page 129 and 130: TABLE 1: FEDERALLY FUNDED INTERNET
- Page 131 and 132: Program/Product NameandContactInfor
- Page 133 and 134: TABLE 2: SAMPLE OF PRIVATE NONPROFI
- Page 135 and 136: Program/Product NameProducerFor Kid
- Page 137 and 138: TABLE 1: PARTICIPANT EVALUATIONS OF
- Page 139 and 140: FY 2011. The primary forensics resp
- Page 141 and 142: The DEU is the principal group resp
- Page 143 and 144: CD/DVDs. The CFS has the capability
- Page 145 and 146: First, the Department will continue
- Page 147 and 148: and the Innocence Lost task forces,
- Page 149 and 150: deconflict cases, and share informa
- Page 151 and 152: with the ICACs to help increase the
- Page 153 and 154: from Landslide’s business premise
- Page 155 and 156: victimized children worldwide, incl
- Page 157 and 158: association, was arrested after the
- Page 159 and 160: is transnational in scope; cooperat
- Page 161 and 162: Over the course of their communicat
- Page 163 and 164: An ICE investigation resulted in th
- Page 165: U.S. v. RichardsonICE PRESS RELEASE
- Page 169 and 170: Selected Quotes from Appendix C of
- Page 171 and 172: * * * “Sheldon and Howitt (2007)
- Page 173 and 174: McCarthy, J. and Gaunt, N. (2004).
- Page 175 and 176: high-profile jobs. Some seemed isol
- Page 177 and 178: Trends 2008, http://www.iwf.org.uk/
- Page 179 and 180: Source: National Center for Missing
- Page 181 and 182: Federal Bureau of Investigation (FB
- Page 183 and 184: scientific survey process, but rath
- Page 185 and 186: • 42 percent of respondents repor
- Page 187 and 188: The Effect of the Lack of Internet
- Page 189 and 190: • 44 percent of respondents repor
- Page 191 and 192: • 24 percent of respondents repor
- Page 193 and 194: ONLINE ENTICEMENTExtent of Online E
- Page 195 and 196: • 37 percent of respondents repor
- Page 197 and 198: • 8 percent of respondents report
- Page 199 and 200: SEX TOURISMNature and ExtentAmong N
- Page 201 and 202: • 50 percent of respondents repor
- Page 203 and 204: Average Federal and State Sentences
- Page 205 and 206: SOURCESNumerous federal, state, and
- Page 207 and 208: Federal Bureau of Investigation (FB
- Page 209 and 210: Southern Texas Utah VermontVirginia
- Page 211 and 212: APPENDIX EDEPARTMENT-FUNDED RESEARC
- Page 213 and 214: victimization. The project has four
- Page 215 and 216: APPENDIX FSYNTHESIS OF MAJOR STUDIE
APPENDIX C THREAT ASSESSMENT: ACADEMIC RESEARCH It is important to note that the inclusion of any study or research project in this Report is notintended to convey support <strong>for</strong> the findings of any of such study or research project.<strong>The</strong> Berkman Center <strong>for</strong> Internet & Society at Harvard University, Enhancing <strong>Child</strong> Safety& Online Technologies: Final Report of the Internet Safety Technical Task Force to theMulti-State Working Group on Social Networking of State Attorneys General of the UnitedStates, December 31, 2008,http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/sites/cyber.law.harvard.edu/files/ISTTF_Final_ReportExecutive_Summary.pdf<strong>The</strong> following excerpts are from the main text of the study <strong>and</strong> Appendix C: Research AdvisoryBoard Literature Review of the study.Selected Quotes from the Main Text:From the Harvard Study: “More problematically, media coverage has regularlymischaracterized research in this area, thus contributing to inaccurate perceptions of whatrisks youth face. This problem was most visible in the public coverage of the OnlineVictimization studies done at the Crimes Against <strong>Child</strong>ren’s Research Center (Finkelhor etal. 2000; Wolak et al. 2006). <strong>The</strong>se reports are frequently referenced to highlight that one infive or one in seven minors are sexually solicited online. Without context, this citationimplies massive solicitation of minors by older adults. As discussed below, other peers <strong>and</strong>young adults account <strong>for</strong> 90%-94% of solicitations in which approximate age is known(Finkelhor et al. 2000; Wolak et al. 2006). Also, many acts of solicitation online areharassing or teasing communications that are not designed to seduce youth into offline sexualencounters; 69% of solicitations involve no attempt at offline contact (Wolak et al. 2006).Misperception of these findings perpetuates myths that distract the public from solving theactual problems youth face.” pp. 13-14.* * *“Although numerous studies have examined sexual solicitation, three national datasetsprovide the most statistically valid findings— N-JOV, YISS-1, <strong>and</strong> YISS-2— <strong>and</strong> areregularly analyzed in articles by Wolak, Finkelhor, Ybarra, <strong>and</strong> Mitchell. Findings inregional studies (e.g., McQuade <strong>and</strong> Sampat 2008; Rosen et al. 2008) affirm their trends.“<strong>The</strong> percentages of youth who receive sexual solicitations online have declined from 19% in2000 to 13% in 2006 <strong>and</strong> most recipients (81%) are between 14–17 years of age (Finkelhor etal. 2000; Wolak et al. 2006). For comparison, a regional study in Los Angeles found that14% of teens reported receiving unwanted messages with sexual innuendos or links onMySpace (Rosen et al. 2008) <strong>and</strong> a study in upstate New York found that 2% of fourththrough sixth graders were asked about their bodies, <strong>and</strong> 11% of seventh through ninthgraders <strong>and</strong> 23% of tenth through twelfth graders have been asked sexual questions onlineC-1