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31COLLECTING SEEDS OF POPLARS AND ASPEN AND PREPARINGTHEM FOR SOWING.Place and Time for Seed Collection.The seeds of these species are enclosed in seed capsules on longcatki!1s and are equipped with dowr. (winglets). The catkins must begathered from the very best trees from 15 to 25 years of age and whenthe first seed with. down in the en.tkin C'c.psuies have begun to showthEmselves and escape. The catkins must be collected before theirwholesale opening out. The falling of the seed continues in the case ofpoplars for 5 to 10 days and in the case of aspen for 3 to 5 days.The seed of poplar usually ripens in the first ten days of June andthat of aspen about the second ten days of May, with a variation of tendays in ~ome years, of delay. or acceleration.Method of Collecting Catkins and Cleaning Seed.'The catkins must be severed from the ends of the twigs 01'. the trees,carried into a weIJ-v~ntilated dry room and laid on a tarpaulin in alayer of not more than I!" ';hick.At a temperature of 18 to 20 degrees C. , the majority of capsulesopen up in 24 to 48 hours, the' remainder opening in 2 or 3 days. Thelargest of the capsule3 open in the first day and as the seed from theseare the best they should be collectE:d am'! not be allowed to mix withthe later opening and smaller capsules. which [.ave not
•32takes the seed with. it and covering d the seed with earth is not permissible.Occasionally u light pressing of the seed with a board isnecessary.The seed of poplars are sown pure, those of aspen are sown withsand or the remains of withered capsules which have come through thesieve. They are sown in three doses in order to secure even distribution.With a width of bed of 3:\', bands of 2" wide, and a distance betweentheir · middle of S" and a germinative capacity of not less than115% pure seeds of the poplars should be sown at the rate of .6 ):0 .9 ozs.per square yard and of a&pen of .9 to 1.2 ozs. per square yara of producti-,rearea of feed bed with the 5 sowr, bands mentIOned above. Seedsof 100% germinative capacity should be sown at approximately halfthese rates.Sowing or Catkins.This methud, though less effective, gives good results. The bed isprepared in the same way as for pure seed.The full catkins should be sown in the mornings in calm, sunnyweather, spread out in 3 or 4 rows in bands from too to 3l" wide with 8"between the centres. From 5 tOo 7 catkins are laid out in a row dependingon their length. In order to prevent the removal by wind of thedown with the seeds, the catkins are protected by light leafless twigs.In sunny weather the catkins open in 3 to 4 hours and free theseed-the best quality seed. In order to make the down adhere withthe seed to the soil, the bands should be watered with a fine rose on thewatering can.The seedlings appear about the 2nd or 3rd day after sowing, andthe twigs should be removed carefully. The wet down lytng over theseedlings' should be carefully picked off. On the 'ith and 5th days thedown is removed from the seedlings and laid between them so as tocover the bed-it is removed at the first weeding.Covering the Seed Beds.In order to prevent rapid drying up, packing straw and, after that,wood sawdu st makes the best covering materiaLUnder moist conditions, the soil should be able to be seen throughthe covering; under dry conditions, the straw may be increased to athicknes
Page 1 and 2: IRISIHIIFORESTRYPublished byTHE SOC
Page 3 and 4: SOCIETY OF IRISti FORESTERSPRESIDEN
Page 5 and 6: 4journal, to remain popular, must .
Page 7 and 8: 6tive of the Russian investigators
Page 9 and 10: 8Brown Eartha.1 wish now to refer t
Page 11 and 12: 10wherever it may occur, soils of p
Page 13 and 14: 12NISBET'S OBSERVATIONS ON IRISH FO
Page 15 and 16: 14of Silver Fir and any species of
Page 17 and 18: Samples of Costs and Revenues.16Var
Page 19 and 20: 18Whalley Abbey, both in Co. Wicklo
Page 21 and 22: 20heather shoots are stimulated and
Page 23 and 24: 22~ee a patchwork of grey stoney gr
Page 25 and 26: 24in these cups that the seeds deve
Page 27 and 28: 265. They reprrJduce themselves fre
Page 29 and 30: 28able are those which are cut from
Page 31: 30of gr
Page 35 and 36: 34~ which have been used agricultur
Page 37 and 38: 36The Planting Material.Planting of
Page 39 and 40: !38financial assistance were define
Page 41 and 42: ~oposal to increase the forest area
Page 43 and 44: 42Annual General Meeting, 1945The t
Page 45 and 46: 44survive. They do not appreciate t
Page 47 and 48: 46He stressed the desirability of m
Page 49 and 50: 48point of view. I feel that the fi
Page 51 and 52: 50'" Diver, Neil, Rathdrum, Co. Wic

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