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25at both ends. both sides of the same glossy dark-green colour. Leafstalk1" long. It is wmetimes called E. Johnstoni.E. urnigera. a native of the mountains of Tasmania, also proved perfectlyhardy, forming tall, straight trees but inclined to be a bit morebranch and rougher than l!:. MuelLeri. The old bark peels off everyyear leaving the new bark of a greyish-white colour, more or le3sblotchy. Its fruit r wide and !" long, is urn-shaped and stalked, !1ormallythree fruits (cups) forming an umbel with a stalk about an Inchlong and each fruit three or four eelled opening' by the same number ofvalves situated well down in the cup. Its juvenile leaves are sessile,round or cordate and opposite .. The adult leaves are alternate 4-H" kng,·~ -1 " wide, on stalks about 1" long, lanceolate, glossy green on both surfaces.The name urnigera was suggested by its urn-shaped fruit.E. coccifcra, a native of the high mountains of Tasmania. is extremelyhardy, but hardly mitable for timber, as it is inclined to grow roughand branchy. It sheds its bark, leaving the stem whitish. The shootsand fruit are often covered by a white encrustation. The fruit. about ywide at toP. is like an inverted cone. four--celled, flat-topped. Theleaves are about 3" long and f ' wide, tapered at both ends on stalksabout !" long.Other species subsetjuently planted at Avondale were E. globulus.E. gigantea and E. regnans. The former was soon killed out by frostE. reqnans also disappeared but E. giga.ntea withstood the frosts TIdis growing vigorously In the spring of 1942 a :\--acre plot was plantedon the lawn with E. MuelLeri and E. urnigera mixed with a few E. viminalis and E. ouata These were mixed with beech. (25%) and all are doingwell.At Ballymanus, near Gleanealy, in Co. Wicklow, and wit.hin about fourmiles of the sea, the following species, planted in the veal'S 1934 and1935, withstood the frost and are growing vigorously: -E. Muelleri,E. vimmalls, E. urnigera, E. amygdalina, E. gigantea. P . Dalrympleana,E. mdiata. These trees are now up to 35 ft. high with average quartergirth at breast height 'I)f 4". At Kilmacurragh. Co. Wicklow, there is alarge tree of E. cordata.The name "gum trees" is loosely applied to trees of the genusEucalyptus but in modern books the name is reserved for those speciesthat shed their bark annually. Many ~pecies do not shed their dead bark. yearly but retain it for a time as a covering over the new bark. Insome of these the
265. They reprrJduce themselves freely fram stool shoots. so once acrop is established further plantiDg will not be nec~ssar:v.6. They are evergreen and very de~irable from an ae;;thetic pointof view, ,especially in the winter when other broad-leaved trees arebare.7. They are supposed to have a salubrious effect on the climatein which growing, giving Qut fragrance and brJm into the atmosphere.8. A species can be chosen for almost any soil or situation, sovaried are the conditions under which they grow in their own naturalhabitat.9. They grow much faster than any other broadleaved trees andthe planter can see the trees mature in his own lifetime:It will, therefore, be interesting to keep under observation the oldertrees of the various species of EucaLyptus which have b-=en planted forsome time, as well as those more recently planted and to secure othersfor trial purposes.ABSTRACTTHE CROWINC OF POPLARSA paper with the: above title (~) bas recently come to hand andgives most interesting and useful data on the poplar and aspen species.It is written by K. F . Miron. a Russian sylviculturalist. and deals withextensive experiments in certain regions of the U.S.S.R. Allowing forclimatic, soil and other differencEos which exist between this countryand Russia, the material in this article should be considered most useft:!,particularly from the sylvicultl)ral point of view, the aspect to whichI have chiefly confined myself in my summary below. Little need be saIdconcerning the usefulness of poplars economically, aesthetieally and froma protective viewpoint. They produce probably a greater quantityof timber in a shorter space of time than c;ny other hardwood exceptthE! eucalypts, and though this is so, the timber of many of the speciesis useful and strong. Packing-case material, waggon and cart bottoms,matchwood and paper manufacture are a few of the uses to which thetimber can be put and to my mind their use in the manufacture of paperis most important, since thinnings can be made use of at the age of from12 to 20 years for this purpose. The Black, White and Italian poplarsare the least inflammable of all the woods and th,~ir use as shelter beltscan easily be seen. Poplars on the whole are fairly accommodating as tosoil, frost-hardy and wind firm, so there should be no rea,OI1 for notgrowing them more extensively. The author of the above article mentionsthe following poplars-The White Poplar (P. alba). Bachofens Poplar,(P. Bachofenii), the Turkestan Pyramidal Poplar (P. Bolleana), theNaryn Poplar (E. hybrida), the Aspen (P. trt'mula), th(, BlackPoplar (P. nigra), the Lombardy Pyramidal Poplar (P. nigrava'f pyramida!ts), the Canadian Poplar (P. canadensis MoenchP. deltoides, Marsch), the Balsam Poplar (P. ba.1.samifcm), the Chinese orEastern Poplar (Simonii), the Berlin Poplar (P. berolinensisl. In describingthese species the author quotes extracts from a book entitled "Poplarsand their Cultivation." by P, L. Bogdanov. A brief description is givenbelow of a few of the above sp€cies which are less well known in thiscountry.Bachofen's Poplar-P. Bachofenii Wierbzb.Distinguished from P. alba, by having large ovate buds up to!" long,flaitened leaf petioles and extremely leathery leaf surfaces. On thestool shoots the leaves are naked, with a white- silvery felt below. Itreaches large dimensions with a large spreading crown.This poplar roots well from cuttings. The regions over' which it isdistributed are characterised by little forest cover and waste sands,indicating that this species might be good for the planting of sandy:,
Page 1 and 2: IRISIHIIFORESTRYPublished byTHE SOC
Page 3 and 4: SOCIETY OF IRISti FORESTERSPRESIDEN
Page 5 and 6: 4journal, to remain popular, must .
Page 7 and 8: 6tive of the Russian investigators
Page 9 and 10: 8Brown Eartha.1 wish now to refer t
Page 11 and 12: 10wherever it may occur, soils of p
Page 13 and 14: 12NISBET'S OBSERVATIONS ON IRISH FO
Page 15 and 16: 14of Silver Fir and any species of
Page 17 and 18: Samples of Costs and Revenues.16Var
Page 19 and 20: 18Whalley Abbey, both in Co. Wicklo
Page 21 and 22: 20heather shoots are stimulated and
Page 23 and 24: 22~ee a patchwork of grey stoney gr
Page 25: 24in these cups that the seeds deve
Page 29 and 30: 28able are those which are cut from
Page 31 and 32: 30of gr
Page 33 and 34: •32takes the seed with. it and co
Page 35 and 36: 34~ which have been used agricultur
Page 37 and 38: 36The Planting Material.Planting of
Page 39 and 40: !38financial assistance were define
Page 41 and 42: ~oposal to increase the forest area
Page 43 and 44: 42Annual General Meeting, 1945The t
Page 45 and 46: 44survive. They do not appreciate t
Page 47 and 48: 46He stressed the desirability of m
Page 49 and 50: 48point of view. I feel that the fi
Page 51 and 52: 50'" Diver, Neil, Rathdrum, Co. Wic

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