UFC 3-280-02A Hazardous Waste Land Disposal/Land Treatment ...

tiles are used to protect synthetic membranes, it isimportant that they, like the synthetic membranes, betested for compatibility with hazardous waste. Only verylimited compatibility testing data are currently availableon geotextile fabrics; however, many such fabrics aremade of polypropylene or polyester materials and mayhave compatibility characteristics similar to thoseexhibited by liners of the same materials.(d) Fabricated liner panels must be constructedso as to minimize the number of field seams and toenable placement of field seams at locations where leastsevere field conditions occur (e.g., at ridge areas for leakdetection and leachate collection systems; see figure 6-2). Project specifications should delineate linerplacement procedures for field panel, shop and fieldseaming procedures, and protective cover requirements.Additional specifications include work responsibilities andquality assurance/certification requirements of theengineer, contractor, manufacturer, fabricator andinstaller. As part of the project details for the base linersystem, a panel installation plan must be prepared withthe grading plan.(e) Aside from puncture and tearing of the liner,the most common cause of liner failure is inadequateseaming. The joining of liner panels should therefore beconducted under controlled conditions, in strictaccordance with the manufacturer’s recommendationsand with installer’s trained personnel. The installershould pay strict attention to the overlap specified by themanufacturer, which may range from a minimum of 2upwards to 12 inches. In addition, field seams shallalways be lapped over the downslope liner to preventpiping if a seam fails. Each type of membrane liner alsorequires specific seaming provisions to achieve aneffective bond, as summarized in table 6-3. Sinceadverse weather conditions (e.g., extreme heat or cold,precipitation, and winds) can affect adequate bonding ofTable 6-3. Seaming Provisions for Synthetic Liners’TM 5-814-7the liner field seams, installation should be avoidedduring these periods.(f) During placement of the liner and beforewastes are placed, tests of the seam strength andbonding effectiveness should be conducted, using visualinspection, air lance, ultrasonic and vacuum techniques.In addition, random samples of seams should be cutfrom the liner and subjected to on-site and laboratorytesting. A replacement patch will be required. Linerplacement, seaming and testing are covered in detail in anumber of publications, including EPA SW-870.6-4. Leak detection and leachate collection andremoval systemsa. Introduction. The leak detection system,located between the two liners underlying the hazardouswaste facility, enables the owner or operator todetermine whether any liquid has entered the spacebetween the liners. Should the presence of liquid in thisspace lead to the discovery that the liner has leaked, theowner/operator will implement procedures to ensureprotection of ground water. Leachate collection andremoval systems are required immediately above theliners in new hazardous waste landfills and waste piles.Such systems must be capable of maintaining a leachatedepth of 1 foot or less above the liner and of withstandingclogging, chemical attack, and forces exerted by wastes,equipment or soil cover. General procedures fordesigning leachate collection and removal systems areprovided in SW-870, paragraph 5-6 and appendix V.b. Components of the leak detection system.The leak detection system can be a drain system orinstrumentation that will permit detection of any liquidthat migrates into the space between the liners.AlthoughType of Place Bodied Solvent Contact Vulcanizing Heatcompound a used Solvents solvents cements cements adhesives Tapes sealed DielectricButyl rubber XL Factory ... ... ... X X ... ... ...Field ... ... ... X X X ... ...Chlorinated Polyethylene TP Factory X X X X ... ... X XField X X X X ... X X ...Chlorosulfonated polyethylene TP Factory X X X X ... X X XField X X X X ... ... X ...Elasticized polyolefin TP Factory ... ... ... X ... ... X ...Field .. ... ... X ... ... XEthylene propylene rubber XL Factory ... ... ... X X ... ... ...Field ... ... ... X X X ... ...Low-density polyethylene TP Factory ... X ... ... X ...Field ... ... ... X ... X X ...Neoprene (polychloroprene) XL Factory ... ... X ... .. ... ...Field ... ... ... X ... ... ... ...Poly(vinyl chloride) TP Factory X X X X ... ... X XField X X X X ... X X ...CANCELLEDa XL = Crosslinked or vulcanized; TP = ThermoplasticAdapted from Liner Materials Exposed to Municipal Solid Waste Leachate (Draft), EPA Contract No. 68-03-2134, February 19826-11