UFC 3-280-02A Hazardous Waste Land Disposal/Land Treatment ...
UFC 3-280-02A Hazardous Waste Land Disposal/Land Treatment ... UFC 3-280-02A Hazardous Waste Land Disposal/Land Treatment ...
TM 5-814-7Figure 5-1. Illustrative hazardous waste master plan.5-2CANCELLED
(a) Disposal-Hazardous wastesremain after closure.(b) Storage-Wastes are held for atemporary period and removed at closure.(c) Treatment-Wastes are modifiedphysically or chemically to render them less toxic,mobile, or otherwise less hazardous.(3) A land treatment unit is a facility or partof a facility at which hazardous waste is applied onto orincorporated into the soil surface. As provided in 40CFR 264, subpart M, a waste must not be land treatedunless the hazardous constituents in the waste can bedegraded, transformed or immobilized in the treatmentzone (ranging up to 5 feet in depth). Units designedprimarily for the purpose of dewatering without treatmentare considered surface impoundments rather than landtreatment units. Land treatment units are unlike otherland disposal units in that they are not designed andoperated to minimize all releases to ground-water;rather, they are open systems that allow liquids to moveout of the unit.(4) Underground injection is the subsurfaceemplacement of fluids through a bored, drilled, or drivenwell, or through a dug well, wherein the depth of the dugwell is greater than the largest surface dimension.Septic tanks or cesspools used to dispose of hazardouswaste have been specifically included in the RCRAdefinition of injection well.(5) A waste pile is any non-containerizedaccumulation of solid, non-flowing hazardous waste thatis used for treatment or storage; however, waste pilesmay not be used to intentionally dispose of wastes. If theowner or operator of a waste pile wishes to dispose ofwastes, he must apply for a landfill permit and managethe pile as a landfill. Piles are generally small, and manyare in buildings or maintained outside on concrete orother pads. They are frequently used to accumulatewaste before shipment, treatment, or disposal and aretypically composed of a single dry material.5-2. Landfillsa. Suitable wastes. The primary restriction onlandfilling of hazardous wastes is the elimination of liquiddisposal. Bulk liquids or sludges with leachable liquidsmust not be landfilled at DA hazardous waste facilities;disposal of such wastes will be permitted only in surfaceimpoundments. RCRA regulations permit disposal ofsmall quantities of liquids in small containers in anoverpack drum (lab pack), provided that the lattercontains sufficient absorbent material to absorb all of theliquid contents of the inside containers. The insidecontainers must be non-leaking and compatible with thecontained waste. The overpack drum must be an openhead DOT-specification metal shipping container of nomore than 110-gallon capacity. Batteries,TM 5-814-7capacitors or similar non-storage containers whichcontain free liquids may not be landfilled. Acutelyhazardous wastes such as carcinogens must besolidified prior to disposal, regardless of their quantities.b. Disposal constraints. Landfills should besited in a hydrogeologic setting that provides maximumisolation of the waste from ground-water. This isachieved by vertical separation of wastes from theuppermost ground-water, and low permeability of thesubsurface material providing the hydraulic separation.In addition, the landfill must be located above the 100-year flood level and not interfere with major surfacedrainage.(1) Ideally, the soils in the area should besuitable for daily cover as well as final cover. In coldregions where frost penetration is significant (3 to 6 feet),the cover material should be stockpiled and maintainedin as dry a condition as possible to facilitate wintertimeoperations.(2) Location of landfills in karst terrain (orsimilar geologic formations) and in seismic zones 3 and4 (as defined in TM 5-809-10) should be avoidedwhenever possible. However, if landfills are sited in suchareas, the following precautions should be taken:(a) An extensive geologicalinvestigation must be performed to ensure that thefacility is not located on or in the near vicinity of sinkholes or caverns and that the soil and rock in the areaare suitable for location of this type of facility.(b) After the final site selection hasbeen completed, USACE (DAEN-ECE-G) shall benotified of proposed location and geological conditions.This notification shall be made a minimum of 30 daysbefore design begins.c. Procedures. Disposal by landfilling involvesplacement of wastes in a secure containment systemthat consists of double liners, a leak detection system, aleachate collection system and final cover. Wastesdelivered to the landfill are unloaded by forklift or frontendloaders and placed in the active waste lift.Hazardous materials shall be segregated in cells orsubcells according to physical and chemicalcharacteristics to prevent mixing of incompatible wastes.Following their placement, the hazardous wastes arecovered with sufficient soil to prevent wind dispersal.Successive lifts are placed and the cover soil graded sothat any direct precipitation is collected in a sump. AllCANCELLED5-3direct precipitation collected in the sump is tested forcontamination. As filling continues, wastes are placed soas to direct any run off toward a temporary sump at thelower segment of the base liner. For operations duringextremely wet conditions, tarps may be used to cover theactive area to minimize infiltration of rainfall. In highrainfall regions, semi-permanent roof/rainfall protectioncan be installed over the entire cell using either rigid orstress-tensionedstructures
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- Page 5 and 6: TM 5-814-7LIST OF FIGURESPageFigure
- Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 2TM 5-814-72-1. Federal reg
- Page 10 and 11: Table 3-1. Composition and Quantity
- Page 12 and 13: ial. All facilities must be designe
- Page 14 and 15: Table 3-2. Design/Operational Requi
- Page 16 and 17: (Identification and Listing of Haza
- Page 20 and 21: 5-4The structure should be designed
- Page 22 and 23: c. Procedures. Impoundment of hazar
- Page 24 and 25: particular soil, the compatibility
- Page 26 and 27: d. Design elements. Design requirem
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- Page 33 and 34: TM 5-814-7of preventing migration o
- Page 35 and 36: priate coatings would be a suitable
- Page 37 and 38: TM 5-814-7Figure 6-3. Base liner de
- Page 39 and 40: Table 6-2-Summary of Liner Types-Co
- Page 41 and 42: TM 5-814-7Figure 6-4. Typical clay
- Page 43 and 44: Table 6-4. Requirements for Leachat
- Page 45 and 46: conductivity of the drainage layer
- Page 47 and 48: TM 5-814-7Figure 6-6. Typical run-o
- Page 49 and 50: TM 5-814-7Figure 6-8. Typical run-o
- Page 51 and 52: TM 5-814-7Figure 6-9. Run-on sedime
- Page 53 and 54: tems is the gas flow rate. Flow rat
- Page 55 and 56: 6-24sure covers is provided in EPA
- Page 57 and 58: Table 6- 7. Requirements for Specia
- Page 59 and 60: CHAPTER 7OPERATIONS AND CONTINGENCY
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- Page 63 and 64: ing hydrogeologic conditions are de
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TM 5-814-7Figure 5-1. Illustrative hazardous waste master plan.5-2CANCELLED
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