Literacy Trends in Pakistan - UNESCO Islamabad

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ContributorsDescription and AnalysisProf. Dr. Zafar IqbalReview and ImprovementDr. Anjum Riyazul HaqueMr. Hassan Abdi KeynanDr. Iffat FarahDr. Eshya Mujahid MukhtarDr. S. M. AijazDr. Hamid Khan NiaziTabulation and ProjectionsMr. Saeed AhmedMr. Fakhar-ud-DinCoordinationMr. Arshad Saeed KhanThe authors are responsible for the choice, presentation and interpretation of data and information in this report, andfor the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO.1 st Printed – March 2002, Reprinted – August 2002, Revised Edition – May 2003
PREFACEPakistan is one of the countries of the world where the highest number of illiterates are concentrated. Being illiterate is not an individualdisability alone, it has societal implications as well. Democratic institutions and values can hardly flourish in a society where half of the adultpopulation is illiterate, and most of the voters cannot access information and read a newspaper. The situation is particularly alarming for womenand those living in rural areas. Illiteracy not only causes dependence, it deprives people of the development of their fullest potential ofparticipation in decision making at different levels, and ultimately rises to breed oppression and exploitation. Since its inception, thegovernments in Pakistan have been endeavouring to eradicate illiteracy from the country. Although the overall literacy rate in the country hasincreased gradually, the absolute number of illiterates has swelled significantly from 20.25 million in 1951 to 48.8 million in 1998. Theinclusion of an adult literacy component in the Education Sector Reforms – ESR (2001-2005) and in the National Plan of Action (NPA) for EFA(2001-2015) are very important steps by the Ministry of Education, which deserve the support both of the public at large and the internationalcommunity.Eradication of illiteracy from the world is an important agenda of UNESCO, and one of the six goals of Dakar Framework of Action onEducation For All (EFA). The present publication is part of UNESCO’s initiatives to raise awareness about the literacy situation in Pakistan.The document is a repository of historical data on literacy, and a unique source of district level statistics on literacy, fertility, and participationrates. It compares the literacy and basic education profile of Pakistan with other countries of Asia, and also presents an analytical picture of thegrowth of literacy in various developed and less-developed districts of the four provinces of Pakistan. Historical data, comparative view, districtlevel statistics and analysis of trends given in this book can offer both quantitative information and qualitative guidance to the policy makers andplanners for designing corrective measures.A joint team of educators and researchers from Pakistan, alongwith UNESCO experts, have conceived, designed and compiled thisdocument. I particularly acknowledge the academic contribution of Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal for the analysis, and technical support from Mr. SaeedAhmed and Mr. Fakhar-ud-din for computerization of census data and projections. I also acknowledge the valuable comments and inputs fromDr. Anjum Riyazul Haque, Mr. Arshad Saeed Khan, Dr. Iffat Farah, Dr. Eshya Mujahid Mukhtar, Dr. S. M. Aijaz, and Dr. Hamid Khan Niazi,which helped a lot in improving the quality of this publication.The first edition of this document was published in March 2002. This is a revised edition based on updated statistics of the 1998 Census.It is being brought out in the context of the launching of United Nations Literacy Decade (2003-2012) on 13 th February, 2003. We hope thissource book will contribute in raising awareness for the importance of literacy, and help mobilize initiatives for achievement of the UNLDtargets in Pakistan. UNESCO Islamabad looks forward to a strengthened cooperation with different national and international partners for theachievement of the defined literacy goals in Pakistan.20 May, 2003 Ms. Ingeborg BreinesRepresentativeUNESCO Islamabad
Page 4 and 5: Literacy Trends in PakistanUNESCO O
Page 6 and 7: Part I - An Analysis of Literacy Tr
Page 8 and 9: Part II Statistical Tables (Based o
Page 10 and 11: an education that includes learning
Page 12 and 13: district. This information on liter
Page 14 and 15: In the present day context, when pa
Page 16 and 17: 7. FUNCTIONAL LITERACYThe definitio
Page 18 and 19: Middle Level (Level II)A) TARGET GR
Page 20 and 21: Table - 3Comparison of Pakistan wit
Page 22 and 23: Previous attempts made for the enha
Page 24 and 25: 11. CURRENT LITERACY SITUATION IN P
Page 26 and 27: Graph No. 1Growth of Literacy Rate
Page 28 and 29: Table 7 below indicates the highest
Page 30 and 31: Table 8Literacy Growth Rate Trends
Page 32 and 33: District has progressed from a very
Page 34 and 35: Table 11Districts in Various Litera
Page 36 and 37: 13.2 Public Expenditure on Primary
Page 38 and 39: lowest female literacy rate in Paki
Page 40 and 41: All this suggests that a considerab
Page 42 and 43: Graph No.4LITERACY RATE DIRECTLY EF
Page 44 and 45: 16. LITERACY AND NATIONAL PLAN OF A
Page 46 and 47: 17.1 Why has it been established?Th
Page 48 and 49: Table 16 - Focus Areas and Key Stra
Page 50 and 51: 17.5 Resource MobilizationThe Liter
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PART - IIStatistical Tables(Based o
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Table IILiteracy Rates (10 Years &
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Growth RateYearsAll Areas Urban Rur
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N.W.F.P.1972 15.50 23.10 4.701981 1
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Table VLiteracy Rates (10 Years & a
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Table VI-ADistrict-wise Rate (10 Ye
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Province/DistrictBoth Male Female B
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All Areas Urban RuralProvince/Distr
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Table VI-DDistrict-wise Rate of Lit
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Table VI-BDistrict-wise Rate of Lit
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Province/DistrictHyderabadBadinThat
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Province/DistrictKarachi SouthKarac
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All AreasUrbanRuralProvince/Distric
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Table VII-CDistrict-wise Rate of Li
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Table VII-BDistrict-wise Rate of Li
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IlliterateLiterate Matric & above D
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Illiterate Literate Matric & above
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Table VIII-BLinkage between Literac
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Illiterate Literate Matric & above
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Table VIII-DLinkage between Literac
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Table IX-ADistrict-wise Participati
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Province/District/ Population Schoo
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Table IX-DDistrict-wise i i Partici
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Table X-CDistrict-wise Participatio
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Province/District/ All Areas Urban
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Table X-DDistrict-wise Participatio
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ProvincelDistrictl All Areas Urban
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ProvincelDistrictl All Areas Urban
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BIBLIOGRAPHYAdam Curle. Planning fo
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Formulae used for Calculating the G
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Literacy Trends in Pakistan - UNESCO Islamabad

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