Literacy Trends in Pakistan - UNESCO Islamabad
Literacy Trends in Pakistan - UNESCO Islamabad Literacy Trends in Pakistan - UNESCO Islamabad
an education that includes learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together and learning to be. It is only through education that anindividual’s potential and talent can be used to transform society, according to the needs and changing circumstances.“Achieving EFA goals should be postponed no longer. The basic learning needs of all must be met as a matter of urgency”.In Dakar, the participants committed for achieving 50% improvement in levels of adult literacy by the year 2015, especially for women andensuring that by the year 2015, all children particularly girls and those belonging to ethnic minorities have access to complete free, andcompulsory primary education of good quality.Mass literacy and basic education is considered a pre-requisite for socio-economic development worldwide. In Pakistan, every effort has beenmade for the quantitative expansion of formal school education with the assumption that it will contribute to enhance the literacy rate. Thisassumption has not held true during the last five decades and the country is still far away from universal mass literacy.The main purpose of this document on literacy trends and statistics in Pakistan is to present a precise, brief and overall picture of the literacysituation in the country and to provide information on the literacy situation in various districts / provinces in Pakistan, and discuss the majorcauses for low literacy rates in certain areas, as compared to other regions reflecting higher levels of literacy. This document also presents ananalysis and forecast of trends of different parameters of literacy statistics upto 2008.2. DATA SOURCESThe results of the 1998 Census are the major source for the statistical part of this publication. In addition, the following sources have also beenutilized for the purposes of data collection and analysis for this profile.1. Population Census Organization, Govt. of Pakistan, Statistics Division, Census Reports of 1998, Islamabad. May 2000 (105District Census Reports - DCRs)2. Population Census Organization, Govt. of Pakistan, Statistics Division, Census Reports of 1981, Islamabad. May 1984 (62District Census Reports - DCRs)3. Literacy and Mass Education Commission, Literacy Profile of Pakistan 1951-1981, Govt. of Pakistan, Islamabad, February, 19844. World Population Data Sheet 2000, Population Reference Bureau, Washington, D.C, June 2000.5. Pakistan School Education Statistics 1997-1998, Academy of Educational Planning and Management, Ministry of Education,Govt. of Pakistan, November, 1999.2
6. Human Development Report,2002, UNDP, Oxford University Press, New York.7. Ninth Five Year Plan (1998-2003), Report of the Working Group on Education, Govt. of Pakistan, Planning CommissionIslamabad, February 1999.8. National Education Policy 1992-2002 Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Education, Islamabad.9. The Dakar Framework for Action, Education for All: Meeting our Collective Commitments, World Education Forum, Dakar,Senegal, 26-28 April 2000.10. National Education Policy 1998-2010, Govt. of Pakistan, Ministry of Education, Islamabad, 1998.11. Five Year Developmental Plans, Government of Pakistan, Planning Commission of Pakistan, Islamabad.12. World Education Statistics, UNESCO 1998.13. Education for All 2000. Assessment: A Synthesis Report, UNESCO- PROAP, March 200014. Govt. of Pakistan, Education Sector Reforms (ESR), Ministry of Education, Islamabad, May 2001.15. National Action Plan: Our Roadmap to EFA, UNESCO & EFA Wing, Federal Ministry of Education, Govt. of Pakistan.16. Human Development in South Asia 2002, Mahbub-ul-Haq Human Development Center, Oxford University Press, Karachi.17. Report of the Secretary General, United Nations Literacy Decade: Education For All; International Plan of Action;Implementation of General Assembly Resolution 56/11618. Second Draft, National Plan of Action on Education For All (2001-2015) Pakistan, Govt. of Pakistan, Ministry of Education,Islamabad, August 2002.Projections have been made to estimate literacy rates for 2001, 2003, 2005 and 2008 on the basis of growth rate trends observed during 1981-98.3. EXPECTED USEIt is difficult to find composite and comprehensive literacy data for Pakistan in a consolidated form, or in the form of a database. TheCensus Reports are the major source of literacy statistics in the country. However, district reports are usually not easily accessible and literacyfigures are not found in a single document. National and provincial level statistics are available in national and provincial reports; but all the 125District Census Reports have to be consulted individually to obtain literacy information for inter-district comparison, or for analysis of regionaldisparities. The current publication, the first of its kind since 1983, not only provides district-wise and gender-wise information on recent (1998)literacy rates, but also presents statistics on past trends as well. Added values are the estimates for primary level participation rates in each3
- Page 2 and 3: ContributorsDescription and Analysi
- Page 4 and 5: Literacy Trends in PakistanUNESCO O
- Page 6 and 7: Part I - An Analysis of Literacy Tr
- Page 8 and 9: Part II Statistical Tables (Based o
- Page 12 and 13: district. This information on liter
- Page 14 and 15: In the present day context, when pa
- Page 16 and 17: 7. FUNCTIONAL LITERACYThe definitio
- Page 18 and 19: Middle Level (Level II)A) TARGET GR
- Page 20 and 21: Table - 3Comparison of Pakistan wit
- Page 22 and 23: Previous attempts made for the enha
- Page 24 and 25: 11. CURRENT LITERACY SITUATION IN P
- Page 26 and 27: Graph No. 1Growth of Literacy Rate
- Page 28 and 29: Table 7 below indicates the highest
- Page 30 and 31: Table 8Literacy Growth Rate Trends
- Page 32 and 33: District has progressed from a very
- Page 34 and 35: Table 11Districts in Various Litera
- Page 36 and 37: 13.2 Public Expenditure on Primary
- Page 38 and 39: lowest female literacy rate in Paki
- Page 40 and 41: All this suggests that a considerab
- Page 42 and 43: Graph No.4LITERACY RATE DIRECTLY EF
- Page 44 and 45: 16. LITERACY AND NATIONAL PLAN OF A
- Page 46 and 47: 17.1 Why has it been established?Th
- Page 48 and 49: Table 16 - Focus Areas and Key Stra
- Page 50 and 51: 17.5 Resource MobilizationThe Liter
- Page 52 and 53: PART - IIStatistical Tables(Based o
- Page 57: Table IILiteracy Rates (10 Years &
6. Human Development Report,2002, UNDP, Oxford University Press, New York.7. N<strong>in</strong>th Five Year Plan (1998-2003), Report of the Work<strong>in</strong>g Group on Education, Govt. of <strong>Pakistan</strong>, Plann<strong>in</strong>g Commission<strong>Islamabad</strong>, February 1999.8. National Education Policy 1992-2002 Government of <strong>Pakistan</strong>, M<strong>in</strong>istry of Education, <strong>Islamabad</strong>.9. The Dakar Framework for Action, Education for All: Meet<strong>in</strong>g our Collective Commitments, World Education Forum, Dakar,Senegal, 26-28 April 2000.10. National Education Policy 1998-2010, Govt. of <strong>Pakistan</strong>, M<strong>in</strong>istry of Education, <strong>Islamabad</strong>, 1998.11. Five Year Developmental Plans, Government of <strong>Pakistan</strong>, Plann<strong>in</strong>g Commission of <strong>Pakistan</strong>, <strong>Islamabad</strong>.12. World Education Statistics, <strong>UNESCO</strong> 1998.13. Education for All 2000. Assessment: A Synthesis Report, <strong>UNESCO</strong>- PROAP, March 200014. Govt. of <strong>Pakistan</strong>, Education Sector Reforms (ESR), M<strong>in</strong>istry of Education, <strong>Islamabad</strong>, May 2001.15. National Action Plan: Our Roadmap to EFA, <strong>UNESCO</strong> & EFA W<strong>in</strong>g, Federal M<strong>in</strong>istry of Education, Govt. of <strong>Pakistan</strong>.16. Human Development <strong>in</strong> South Asia 2002, Mahbub-ul-Haq Human Development Center, Oxford University Press, Karachi.17. Report of the Secretary General, United Nations <strong>Literacy</strong> Decade: Education For All; International Plan of Action;Implementation of General Assembly Resolution 56/11618. Second Draft, National Plan of Action on Education For All (2001-2015) <strong>Pakistan</strong>, Govt. of <strong>Pakistan</strong>, M<strong>in</strong>istry of Education,<strong>Islamabad</strong>, August 2002.Projections have been made to estimate literacy rates for 2001, 2003, 2005 and 2008 on the basis of growth rate trends observed dur<strong>in</strong>g 1981-98.3. EXPECTED USEIt is difficult to f<strong>in</strong>d composite and comprehensive literacy data for <strong>Pakistan</strong> <strong>in</strong> a consolidated form, or <strong>in</strong> the form of a database. TheCensus Reports are the major source of literacy statistics <strong>in</strong> the country. However, district reports are usually not easily accessible and literacyfigures are not found <strong>in</strong> a s<strong>in</strong>gle document. National and prov<strong>in</strong>cial level statistics are available <strong>in</strong> national and prov<strong>in</strong>cial reports; but all the 125District Census Reports have to be consulted <strong>in</strong>dividually to obta<strong>in</strong> literacy <strong>in</strong>formation for <strong>in</strong>ter-district comparison, or for analysis of regionaldisparities. The current publication, the first of its k<strong>in</strong>d s<strong>in</strong>ce 1983, not only provides district-wise and gender-wise <strong>in</strong>formation on recent (1998)literacy rates, but also presents statistics on past trends as well. Added values are the estimates for primary level participation rates <strong>in</strong> each3
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