Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Meghalaya State ...

National Highways Authority of India(Ministry of Road Transport & Highways)Government of IndiaRehabilitation and Up gradation of existing2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2)to Meghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20)Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalayaunder NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)K A M R U PN A G A O NM E G H A L A Y AStart of Projectkm. 69.20JOWAINORTH CACHARHILLSLadrymbaiNH-44B A N G L A D E S HEnd of Projectkm. 173.20SonapurLandslideMeghalaya /Assam BorderC A C H A RDRAFT ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTIntercontinental Consultants andTechnocrats Pvt. Ltd.A-8, Green Park, New Delhi - 110 016 (INDIA)JUNE, 2012

CONTENTSSl.No. Description Page No.LIST OF ACRONYMSEXECUTIVE SUMMARYA1Es-i to Es-xii1. INTRODUCTION 1-1 to 1-41.1 General 1-11.2 Project Background 1-31.3 Objectives of the Study 1-31.4 Structure of the Report 1-3 to 1-42. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 2-1 to 2-42.1 Location 2-12.2 Salient Features 2-12.3 Road Condition 2-32.4 Right-of-Way 2-32.5 improvement proposal 2-3 to 2-43. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3-1 to 3-183.1 General 3-13.2 Physical Resources 3-13.3 Ecological Resources 3-163.4 Areas of Concern 3-173.5 Road Safety 3-173.6 Hot Spots / Sensitive Locations 3-184. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATIONMEASURES4-1 to 4-234.1 General 4-14.2 Impact on Environmental Resources 4-14.3 Impact on Human Use Values 4-134.4 Impact on Ecological Resources 4-134.5 People’s Concerns on Environmental Issues 4-144.6 Evaluation of Impact 4-144.7 Mitigation Measures 4-174.8 Environmental Enhancement Measures 4-214.9 Cost and Budget 4-22 to 4-235 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATTIVES 5-1 to 5- 85.1 General 5-15.2 “With” And “Without” Project Scenario 5-15.3 Evaluation of Impacts with and without project 5-1 to 5-86 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 6-1 to 6-136.1 Monitoring Programme Objective 6-1i

Sl.No. Description Page No.6.2 Environmental Reporting System 6-106.3 Monitoring Plan 6-11 to 6-137. ADDITIONAL STUDIES 7-1 to 7-137.1 Introduction 7-17.2 Road safety management system 7-87.3 Social impact assessment and resettlement action plan 7-118 PROJECT BENEFITS 8-1 to 8-38.1 Introduction 8-18.2 Tourism Development 8-18.3 Economic Development 8-28.4 Employment Opportunity 8-28.5 Reductions in Accidents, Morbidity And Mortality 8-28.6 Reductions in Operation Cost 8-28.7 Indirect Benefits 8-28.8 Environmental Benefits 8-39 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 9-1 to 9-339.1 Introduction 9-19.2 Project Background 9-19.3 Salient Features 9-19.4 Scope of Works 9-39.5 Environmental Management Plan 9-39.5.1 Introduction 9-39.5.2 Objectives of the EMP 9-39.5.3 Meeting the EMP Objectives 9-49.6 Critical Impacts to be Addressed 9-49.7 Environment Issues and Mitigation Measures 9-59.8 Monitoring Programme 9-249.8.1 Performance Indicators 9-249.8.2 Monitoring Plan 9-309.8.3 Environmental Management Budget 9-3310 Compliance to Finalized TOR by EAC 10-1 to 10-7REFERENCES R-1GLOSSARY G-1 to G-2ii

LIST OF ACRONYMSBIS - Bureau of Indian StandardBOD - Bio-chemical Oxygen DemandCCF - Chief Conservator of ForestCOD - Chemical Oxygen DemandCoI - Corridor of ImpactCF - Conservator of ForestCII - Confederation of Indian IndustriesCPCB - Central Pollution Control BoardDFO - Divisional Forest OfficerDO - Dissolved OxygenDoE - Department of EnvironmentEA - Environmental AssessmentEIA - Environmental Impact AssessmentEIS - Environmental Impact StatementEMAP - Environmental Management Action PlanEMC - Environmental Management CellEMS - Environmental Management SystemEMU - Environmental Management UnitGoI - Government of IndiaLHS - Left Hand SideMoEF - Ministry of Environment and ForestsMOST - Ministry of Surface TransportMORTH - Ministry of Road Transport & HighwaysNGO - Non-Governmental OrganizationNH - National HighwayNOC - No Objection CertificatePCCF - Principal Conservator of ForestPIA - Project Influence AreaPIU - Project Implementation UnitPROW - Proposed Right of WayPWD - Public Works DepartmentRHS - Right Hand SideRO - Range OfficerROW - Right of WaySDoE - State Department of EnvironmentSH - State HighwaySPCB - State Pollution Control BoardSPM - Suspended Particulate MatterTOR - Terms of ReferenceVC - Village CouncilVCP - Village Council PresidentA-1

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)EXECUTIVE SUMMARY0.1 INTRODUCTIONNational Highway Authority of India (NHAI) has been entrusted to implement an ambitiousplan on development of various national highway corridors for augmenting their capacityadequately for safe and speedy movement of traffic taking into account the traffic growthin such corridor in future decades. Such network of good national highways is projectedto be the minimum basic requirement of providing a level playing field for the producersand manufacturers in different regions of the country. The project of 2 lane with pavedshoulder of Jowai town to Assam/Meghalaya section (km 69.2 to km173.200) of NH-44 inthe state of Meghalaya is part of National Highways Development Phase III Programme.NH-44, which takes off from NH-40 at Shillong passing through Jowai and Silchar, entersTripura and goes up to Agartala. This National Highway is thus a lifeline for Tripura Stateand touches international border.0.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECTThe project road takes-off after Jowai town, at a Chainage km 69.200, and ends, at km173.200 near Assam/Meghalaya border (Total Length is 104 km). The project roadtraverses through the settlements, of Khlerihat, Ludrambai, Wapung and Mynkere,Sonapur falling in the district Jaintia Hill of Meghalaya State, the stretch of the projectroad passes through hilly terrain having a general height of 100 m to 1600 m above MSLthrough the district of Jaintia Hills, which is a part of eastern side of Meghalaya. Quite afew settlements are thickly populated and there is no land available for widening.The proposed improvement will aim at improving riding quality, and journey speed andreducing traffic congestion on the highway. The options of concentric widening and left orright side widening have been considered for the improvement project so as to utilize theexisting right-of-way (ROW) as far as possible and minimize acquisition of additional land.However, land acquisition will be required through entire stretch.Table Es 1: project InterventionsSl.no Features Existing Proposed1 Right of way 10 to 12m in hillyterrain; 15 to 17m inrolling2 Carriageway 2- lane carriagewaywith width of 6.45 to8.3m.20m2- lane carriageway of 7m with 1m pavedshoulder on hill side and 1.5m paved plus0.5m granular shoulder on valley side.Junctions Minor-29 Up-gradation3 Bridges:Major4 1 reconstruction;3 repairedMinor 35 1 reconstruction34 to be repaired4 Culverts :Pipe5 Slab/ RCCslab50 10 to be reconstructed40 to be repaired391 85 to be reconstructed306 to be repaired6DrainageMasonry drain –68.716 kmUnlined drain -74.8 kmStone masonry drain -3.36km7 Slope Masonry retaining Retaining walls and breast walls-Draft Environmental Impact AssessmentEs - i

Executive Summaryprotectionwall- 11.59km,Breast wall- 501mGabion wall - 57.5mlength20.49 km (2 to 7m ht.)Extension of 5m wall- 4.63 kmGabion wall of 2m ht- 2.98 kmGabion wall at slope protection work-385m3.06 km by installing synthetic erosioncontrol mat etc. and rock bolts. (Slopeprotection measures will be taken asper IRC:56-1974)8 Bus stop Nil 17 at 10 location9 Toll plaza Nil 210 Truck parking Nil 111 Way sideAmenitiesNil 20.3 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR EIAEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the processes in which environmental factorsare integrated in to the project planning and decision making so as to achieve ecologicallysustainable development. Best practice EIA is to identify environmental risks, lessensconflict by community participation and minimizes the adverse environmental effects. Thishas to consider all environmental parameters that are likely to be impacted by a project.Such parameter may be physical, biological, Socio-economic and cultural.The process had involved Screening ; Scoping (Finalization of Terms of Reference at thisstage by Expert Appraisal Committee, MoEF); Preparation of Draft EIA report along withImpact analysis, mitigation measures, Environment monitoring and management plan;Public Consultation (present stage); preparation of final EIA report; Appraisal by the EACand then approval to the project if found environmentally sound.The Environmental Management and monitoring plan is developed along with costprovision, on the basis of potential impact analysis and possible mitigation measures, tomonitor implementation of mitigation measures on ground and provides detailed timeschedule and duration of monitoring measures. In developing the EIA/ EMP report, theEIA Guidance Manual – Highway by MoEF has been duly followed.0.4 REGULATORY FRAMEWORKReview of the existing legislation, institutions and policies relevant to the EnvironmentalImpact Assessment at the National and State levels has been done and clearancerequirements for the project at various stages of the project have been identified.The proposed rehabilitation and upgradation of NH 44 is between km 69.200 to km173.20 for a length of 104 km. In terms of the provision of Ministry of Environment andForests 2006 notification and subsequent amendments, this project is classified as acategory „ A‟ project” and requires Environmental clearance for execution since theproject requires an additional right of way greater than 20m and length is more than 30 m.It falls within 10 km of Interstate boundary (Assam / Meghalaya) and hence „GeneralCondition‟ applies. However, environmental clearance for the project stretch from Jowaikm 69.200 to Sonapur (km139.050) is already obtained (File No: 5-15/2008-1A-III dated10 th December 2008) for four lanning with 4 bypasses.Other requirement of obtaining the clearances from authorities at the state level for theproject is indicated in Table Es 2.Table Es 2: Clearance requirement for the present projectDraft Environmental Impact AssessmentEs - ii

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Sl.No.ActivityStatutoryAuthorityRelevant Statute1Setting of hot mixplants, crushers andbatching plantsMeghalaya StatePollution ControlBoardAir (Prevention and Control ofPollution) Act, 1981 and the NoisePollution (Regulation and Control)Rules, 20003Establishment ofworkers camp,equipment andstorage yardsMeghalaya StatePollution ControlBoardEnvironment Protection Act, 1986and Manufacturing, Storage andImport of Hazardous ChemicalsRules, 19894Storage, handling andtransport ofhazardous materialsMeghalaya StatePollution ControlBoardHazardous Waste (Managementand handling) Rules, 1989 andManufacturing, storage and Importof Hazardous chemical Rules, 19895Waste waterdischarge from labourcampsMeghalaya StatePollution ControlBoardWater (Prevention and Control ofPollution) Act, 19746Opening up newquarriesDepartment ofMining, Govt. ofMeghalayaEnvironment (Protection) Act, 19867Tree cuttingpermissionForest division,JowaiTree preservation Act , 19768Diversion of forestlandForest division,JowaiAssam forest regulation Act 1891.The Meghalaya Forest Regulation(Application and Amendment) Act19730.5 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGPhysical FeaturesClimateThe project corridor lies in subtropical zone. It is per-humid (as per C. W. Thornthwaite‟sclimatic classification) with small seasonal water deficiency. The humidity of the studyarea is moderate to high that varies between 30% to 80 % during the months of Octoberand August respectively. The average rainfall ranges between 2,000 and 4,000 mm. Themean summer temperature rises as high as 26°C and mean winter temperature fallsdown to 9°C. At times it drops below freezing point. The mean annual soil temperature athigher elevations is less than 22°C but it is higher than 15°C; at lower elevations, itexceeds 22°C.TopographyThe state represents ancient plateau of Precambrian Indian peninsular shield. Thealtitude varies between 100 to 3000 m above MSL. For initial 35 kms it has gentle sloperanging from 16° to 15° and rest of the stretch varies from 20° to 45°.GeologyThe rock types exposed along NH-44 between Jowai (km 63) to Assam Border (km173.00) belongs from Archeans to Tertiary group of rocks. The lithological distributionalong the road section is submitted in Table Es.3.Table Es. 3: Table Showing Lithological Distribution of Rock UnitsDraft Environmental Impact AssessmentEs - iii

Executive SummarySectionChainage (km)FromToTotal(km )Rock Types% wiseDistributionI 64 73 9.0 Gneissic Rock with Schist 8.4II 73 88 15III 88 123 35Sand Stone with quartziteand shale (without coalseam)Sand Stone and Shale (withcoal seam)IV 123 139 16 Lime stone with shale 15V 139 171 32Thinly bedded shale withsand stone and clay stone1432.730The major structural features seen in the area are Dauki fault (km 140) and Boraghatfaults (km 131). Dauki fault separates sand stone and clay stone of Brail group with rocksof Jaintia group near Sonapur. The Boraghat fault separates the rocks of Brail formationwith sand stone of Sylhat formation. The structural features used for hazard zonationmapping includes, beddings, joints and foliation.Land slide hazard zone mappingMapping has been done based on Landslide Hazard Evaluation Factor (LHEF) RatingScheme to assess the risk of landslide. It is based on major inherent causative factors ofslope instability, lithology, structure, slope morphometry, relative relief, land with soilcover and ground water conditions. 28 such locations have been identified along theproject road.Surface water resources and qualityTwo major rivers viz. Lubhaa River, Baleshwar river and seasonal streams viz. Muksa,Motaiya, Narpu, Tamung, Umjrung, Tongsheng, Umprushung, Apha are crossed by theproject road. Monitoring has been done at four locations viz. Muksa in Ladrymbai, streamin Mumdihatti, Lubha river and Baleshawar river. Biochemical oxygen demand for allsamples are >3mg/l (Water quality Criteria Below C as per CPCB standards). In terms oftotal coliform its less than 500 and falls in Water quality criteria B. E-coli is absent in allsamples. The water quality is fair in all the locations and mainly because they are flowingwater bodies.Ground water resources and qualityDepth to ground water table is 2.49 to 3.99 mbgl in pre- monsoon and 1.5 to 1.7 m bgl inpost monsoon. Stage of ground water development is only 0.16% which leaves a greaterscope for ground water development and hence no requirement of provisions for groundwater recharge. There are 8 hand pumps, 16 water taps and 1 tank in the project corridorwithin 5 to 9 m of center line. The water samples are deficient in iron (

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Ratacherra primary school (sensitive location) is higher by 2 dB(A). Near church inThangskai village its more by 2.9 dB (A) than Day time permissible limit and within limit atnight time. In Sonapur and Umkiang it exceeds by approximately 5 dB(A) in the day time.Ecological ResourcesProtected site / Notified forest / wildlife areaThe project road passes through Narpuh Reserve forest from Lubha Bridge at km141.500to km 145.00 (Block -I) and km 160.00 to km 167.100 (Block -II). Forest land proposed tobe diverted is 2.805 ha. The project road does not pass through any wild life sanctuary.Also no site or monument notified by Archeological survey of India does exist within 10kms of the project road.FloraRoadside vegetation all along the stretch varying id densities and composition representsthe major ecological component of the project corridor. The girth size class distributionalso indicates that there is a considerable difference in distribution of age classes. Themost common species is pine and others include Kseh, Ngan, Lakhar, Salynda, Sochram,Diengkseh, Kwai, Talong, Jympa, Kathol, Cham etc. The vegetation not only providesfruits, flowers, fuelwood and small timber for the roadside communities. This is also thehabitat of common birds of the region. No endangered floral species does exist within theproject corridor. A total of 3450 trees have been identified as likely to be cut includingboth in forest and non- forest areas.FaunaThe species found here are - Hoolock - the only tailless ape in India, Golden Cat, LeopardCat, Jungle Cat, Large Indian Civet, Binturong or Bear Cat, Himalayan Black Bear,Barking Deer, Pangolin.0.6 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONThe consultation process established for the project has employed a range of formal andinformal consultative tools including in depth interviews with likely key informants, focusgroups discussions (FDGs), onsite consultation and meetings. The enactment of theparticipation and consultations with the stakeholders was done at various levelsthroughout the project preparation stage. District level consultation shall be carried outinvolving NHAI, PWD and the concerned state organizations such as the State ForestDepartment, State Pollution Control Board, Department of Fisheries etc. Village levelconsultations were held in rural, suburban and urban areas along the corridor of impact ofthe project road to inform people about the purpose and preliminary design of the project.Such consultations provided means to get the opinion of the people and their issues ofconcern. Village/local level consultations were held at selected locations. Theconsultation session are proposed to be continued during the implementation andmonitoring stages of the project.Public consultation revealed that roadside communities use the road extensively for theirrequirement. So local people in the immediate neighborhood have an interest in wideningof the road but they had some reservation in case this results in excessive dislocation ofpeople and properties. Issues like compensation, drainage problem, safety, impact onroadside vegetation, compensatory plantation and water bodies etc raised by a peopleduring consultations have been taken into consideration while devising mitigationmeasures.0.7 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVESThere has been a conscious decision to stick to the existing alignment while undertakingthe proposed rehabilitation and upgradation work. To reduce damages to roadsidevegetation and to keep down the level of dislocation of people and properties the optionof semi-concentric and eccentric widening was exercised all along the alignment.Analysis of alternatives has been carried out for scenarios “with or without the project” onthe existing alignment. The “With project scenario” has been further analyzed throughDraft Environmental Impact AssessmentEs - v

Executive Summaryranking and matrix method in two parts viz. without mitigation measures and withmitigation measures. Total scores achieved were -1820 and +1685 respectively.0.8 ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSDraft Environmental Impact AssessmentEs - vi

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) to Meghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in theState of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Table Es. 4 Potential Impacts and Mitigation MeasuresEnvironmental ConcernsMitigation MeasuresLocationsSurface waterchannels andground wateraquifersRivers and streams may getaffected due to siltation, oilspills during construction.Road runoff with grease/ oil,hydrocarbons and metallicions may into the waterchannels during operationIn both cases it may alsocontaminate ground waterConstruction work and location of plant and machinery nearwater bodies will be avoided.Construction of Oil and grease interceptors refueling platformsAn enhancement plan to be prepared for the protection ofsprings and water fallAll waste arising due to project activities will be disposed of indesignated areas identified by the supervision consultantduring implementation, as per State Pollution Control BoardnormsAt all waterbodies near thework front.Packaged sewage treatment system shall be used in thelabour campsSilt Fencing & sediment traps.Water quality monitoring planConstruction of bridges in lean seasonCofferdams for deep foundationsAppropriate drainage designNatural drainage shall be maintained74.8 km of unlined drain and 3.36km of stone masonry drainhas been proposed that will take care of the runoff; rechargepits shall be provided wherever feasible and let the water passthrough oil/ grease interceptor.Air pollution Fugitive and gaseousemission may increaseduring construction and willbe temporaryEmission from plyingvehicles during operationConstruction camps shall be at 1000m down wind directionfrom the settlementsConstruction machinery will be fitted with dust extractionunits.All vehicles delivering materials to the site will be covered toavoid spillage of materials.All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for constructionThroughout theProjectCorridor atplaces whereconstructionmachinery willbe sitedDraft Environmental Impact AssessmentEs - vii

Executive SummaryEnvironmental ConcernsMitigation Measureswill be regularly maintained to ensure that the pollutionemission levels conform to the SPCB norms.During operation by improving intersections; by removingtraffic bottlenecks; by maintaining a steady stream flow oftrafficLocationsNoisePollutionIncrease in noise due toconstruction activity butwould be for short termDuring operation period dueto increase in trafficThe plants and equipment used in construction will strictlyconform to the GoI noise standards.All vehicles and equipment used in construction will be fittedwith exhaust silencers. The noise from the equipment mustcomply with the relevant legislation for levels of soundemission.Workers in vicinity of loud noise, and workers working with orin crushing, compaction, concrete mixing operation will wearearplugs.All activities pertaining to procurement, storage, transport andhandling of explosives and subsequent blasting will be carriedout as per the statutory Indian Explosives Act 1984. Cuttingwill be restricted only to daytime hours. Prior information ofblasting operational times (if any) shall be given to peopleliving near such blasting sites.Construction sites andcamps; sitewherecuttingwould becarried outSensitiveland useslikeschoolsandhospitalswill feel theexposuremoreConstruction activity shall not be carried out at nightCamps shall be 1000m away from settlementSignage, speed barriers to be provided at sensitive areas likeschools, hospitals.Slope correction and improved geometry will help in reductionof noise.Landslide1.8 lakh m 3 of hard and soft rockcutting is involved for 150 to200mm lateral depth on the hillRetaining wall of 20.49 km has been proposed along withextension of 5m height wall for 4.63 km. Gabion wall of 2 mheight for 2.98 km and that at slope protection work for 385mLandslideprone zones asDraft Environmental Impact AssessmentEs - viii

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) to Meghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in theState of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Environmental ConcernsMitigation MeasuresLocationsside of roadlength have been proposed. Slope protection work has beenproposed for a length of 3.06 kmCut material shall be used in filling on road side or inrehabilitation of borrow areasidentifiedAreas involvinghill side cuttingSoil Contamination of Soil andground water from fuel andlubricantsCompaction of Soil(Moderate to lightcompaction may lead toreduced water loss and helpin plant growth. Heavycompaction that may happendue to stationed and movingmachineries may impederoot growth and intake ofwater and nutrient)Soil ErosionVehicle/ machinery and equipment operation, maintenanceand refueling will be carried out in such a fashion that spillageof fuels and lubricants does not contaminate the ground.Soak pits along with oil and grease traps will be providedaround fuel storage areas.In all fuel storage and refueling areas, if located onagricultural land or areas supporting vegetation, the topsoilshall be stripped, stockpiled and returned after cessation ofsuch storage and refueling activities.Haulage route creation shall be kept to minimumTurfing on embankments and slopes for 52.59 HaSlope protection measures will be taken as per IRC:56-1974Atidentifiedlocationsnearconstruction siteHaulageroutelocationsVegetation/flora- Micro climatic changes i.e.Increase in temperature- Slope instability- conversion into paved surface- No endangered speciesThrough proper re-alignment to minimize cutting of trees.Compensatory afforestation @1:2 in terms of land in the forestarea and 1:1 in non- forest area.Turfing of slope for 52.59 HaComparativelymore in thereserve forestand hillystretchWild life/FaunaNo wildlife corridor identifiedNo Scheduled speciesLoss or injury to wild animals by speeding traffic istherefore a remote possibility.Cultural/comm 318 structures may get Compensation and assistance as per NHAI Act 1956 Along built upDraft Environmental Impact AssessmentEs - ix

Executive SummaryEnvironmental ConcernsMitigation MeasuresLocationsunitystructuresaffected (299 private)Out of 318 , 205 arewooden structure, 50 aresemi pucca, 5 pucca, 12thatched and 1 kutchastructureAffect livelihood of peopleLoss of residenceImpact on water extractingstructures (hand pump/ tap)(Resettlement Action Plan has been drawn in line with relevantpolicies and view of affected people) or as decided by thecompetent authority.No structure getting affected shall go un noticed form gettingcompensationBy realignment to avoid impact on the shrines and religiousstructures.Plans will be proposed for enhancement of temples and otherreligious structures.Water extracting structures like hand pump and taps shall berelocated in consultation with local peopleareasRoad SafetyMay lead to accidents duringconstruction and operationDesign improvement at curvesSegregation of slow traffic in congested areas by providingservice roadsProvision of proper signage proper lighting arrangement toavoid accidents.Traffic management plans will be prepared for congestedplace.At allconstructionfronts,congestedlocations andatcurves/hairpinbendsIRC:SP:55-2001 shall be followed for Safety in constructionzoneIRC:67-2010 for road signs and other relevant IRC guidelinesshall be followedDraft Environmental Impact AssessmentEs - x

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) to Meghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in theState of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Draft Environmental Impact AssessmentEs - xi

Executive Summary0.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLANEnvironmental Monitoring Plan ensures that the environmental mitigation measures andenhancement programme are properly implemented and the responsibility forimplementation is clearly demarcated. Monitoring of environmental quality duringconstruction and during operation reflects the success of implementation of the mitigationmeasures. Monitoring will be conducted by the project authority with the help of anindependent monitoring organization Monitoring parameters, locations and frequency forair, water, noise quality have been suggested. Monitoring of survival rates of plantationsalso has been suggested. Cost estimated for Monitoring is Rs.1125000.0.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANEnvironmental Management Plan (EMP) is the means to ensure that the environmentalquality of the zone dos not get adversely impacted beyond acceptable level due to theconstruction and operation of the project. The plan lays down measures for three distinctphases - (a) design phase (b) construction phase and (c) the operational phase. Thisplan suggests mitigation measures against all identified impacts. Environmentalmanagement matrix provides detailed management measures for specified anticipatedimpacts and defines responsibilities of each participating organization. Mitigation andmanagement measures have been detailed out for impacts on water bodies, roadsidevegetation, slope, water /air/ noise quality, road safety, drainage as well as sanitation oflabour camps.A budgetary estimate of Rs.228 lakhs for environmental Monitoring and Managementactivities has been provided. This includes cost of mitigation measures, monitoring andtraining. Mitigation measures, which are part of engineering activities such as, slopestabilization, sediment /silt control, provision of cross-drainage etc. have not beenincluded in this estimate. Draft Environmental Impact AssessmentEs - xii

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)1. INTRODUCTION1.1 GENERALIndia is a vast country. It has a large and diverse network, which serves 1.1 billionpeople. Roads are the most important mode of transport carrying 85% of thepassenger traffic and 65% of freight. The production of all categories of vehicleshas grown at the rate of 16% during the years between 2001-2002 and 2005-2006. Automotive industry because of its deep forward and backward linkages isa key sector of the Indian economy and is likely to act as one of the drivers ofeconomic growth. Such spectral growth will be possible because of the strengthof a huge domestic market, rapidly growing purchasing power, market-linkedexchange rate and well-established market and corporate governance laws. Inthis context, the development of road sector has to be accelerated to match thepace of development of passenger and goods traffic.Good physical connectivity is essential for sustaining the economic growth of thecountry. Major improvements are required in this sector to ensure level playingfield for the producers and manufacturers located in different parts of the country.The development of roads and highways also starts the process of changeaffecting eco-systems, productivity of land, settlements, and demographic patternand may induce urbanization through which it traverses. Improved and efficientroad network helps in the development of the hinterland. It is also commonknowledge that well developed and properly maintained road brings in thebenefits as detailed below: Savings in vehicle operating costs Faster and comfortable journeys Reduced fuel consumption Safe travelBenefits to trade especially inmovement of perishable goods intradeReduced maintenance costs Safe travel All round development of areas instateReduction in air and noise pollutionThe Status of Indian Road Network is as follows:Sl. No. Type Length (km)1 Expressways 2002 National Highways 665903 State Highways 1318994 Major District Roads 4677635 Rural and Other Roads 2650000Total Length 3316452Meghalaya has 6985 Km of major roads, which includes 880 Km of NationalHighways. Fig 1.1 shows road network of Meghalaya.With the increase in volumes of traffic, especially on National Highways there is arequirement for widening and improvement of pavements. To cope up with thischallenge, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MORT&H), Government ofIndia has decided to take up the development of various National HighwayDraft Environmental Impact Assessment1 - 1

Introductioncorridors.The National Highways Authority of India was constituted by an act of Parliament,the National Highways Authority of India Act 1988, it is responsible for thedevelopment maintenance and management of National Highways entrusted to itand for matters connected or incidental thereto. The authority wasoperationalized on Feb 1995.Primary mandate of NHAI is time and cost bound implementation of NationalHighways Development Project (NHDP) through host of funding options includingfunding by external multilateral agencies like World Bank, Asian DevelopmentBank, JBIC etc. Work mainly comprises of strengthening and four laning of highdensitycorridors of around 13,146 km.National Highway Development Programme’s prime focus is on developinginternational standard roads with facilities for uninterrupted flow of Traffic with Enhanced safety features Better riding surface Better road geometry Better traffic management andnoticeable signageDivided carriageway and serviceroadsGrade Separators Over bridges and underpasses Bypasses and Waysideamenities.Fig. 1.1: Road map of Meghalaya StateDraft Environmental Impact Assessment1 - 2

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)1.2 PROJECT BACKGROUNDThe present project pertains to consultancy services for preparation of feasibilityand detailed project report (DPR) for the Rehabilitation and Upgrading to twolanewith paved shoulder of NH – 44, Jowai to Meghalaya/ Assam Border section(km. 69.00 to km. 173.20), in the State of Meghalaya under various NationalHighways stretches/ Corridors under (NHDP phase III) programme. NHAI is theEmployer and the Executing agency of the project.During the last fifty years rapid development has taken place with increase involume of traffic. The existing roads especially the highways of Meghalaya Stateare not able to cope with the increased traffic and there is a need to widen theseroads. The present project road NH-44 has a very significant place, due to itoccupying a very strategic position, serving the development needs ofsurrounding areas and also the smooth movement of traffic, while linking it withother parts of the country. No doubt, these widened roads will bring positiveenvironmental and social impacts but during widening some negative impacts areenvisaged. The environmental impacts may be direct, indirect or cumulative, i.e.,impacts on nearby communities and the natural environment, impacts on peoplesand properties falling in the direct path of road development, impacts on peopleindirectly affected by way of disruption of livelihood, impacts on breakages in theaccustomed travel paths and community linkages, impacts arising from landacquisition and resettlement, impacts on indigenous people, impacts on humansafety, etc.1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe main objective of the Environmental Assessment is to improve decisionmakingand to ensure that the highway improvement options underconsiderations are environmentally sound and sustainable. The scope of workcomprises of:Collection of information on existing baseline conditions in order to identify theenvironmental issues in the area.Identification of environmentally sensitive locations i.e. water bodies, roadsideutilities/facilities, sites of cultural/ historical/ archaeological importance.Assess the adverse impacts on the environment and to suggest cost effectivemitigation measures along with enhancement plan to mitigate the negativeimpacts.Preparation of Environmental Management Plan, which will includeimplementation schedule and associated costs for execution of mitigation andenhancement, works; development of an environmental monitoring programfor construction and operational phases; detailing of the requirements forinstitutional strengthening and training.1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORTThe Environmental Impact Assessment Report is structured as follows:Chapter 1 - IntroductionChapter 2 - Description of the ProjectChapter 3 - Description of the EnvironmentDraft Environmental Impact Assessment1 - 3

IntroductionChapter 4 - Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation MeasuresChapter 5 - Analysis of AlternativesChapter 6 - Environmental Monitoring ProgrammeChapter 7 - Public ConsultationChapter 8 - Project BenefitsChapter 9 - Environmental Management Plan● ● ●Draft Environmental Impact Assessment1 - 4

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT2.1 LOCATIONThe project road starts after Jowai town, at a Chainage km 69.200, and ends atkm 173.20 near Assam/Meghalaya Border (Total Length is 104 km). The projectroad traverses through the settlements of Khlerihat, Ludrambai, Wapung andMynkere, falling in the district Jaintia Hill of Meghalaya State, details of which isgiven in Table 2.1. Fig. 2.1 shows the map depicting the location of project road.The stretch of the project road passes through hilly terrain having a generalheight of 100 m to 1600 m above MSL through the district of Jaintia Hills, which isa part of eastern side of Meghalaya.SettlementTable 2.1: Detail of Project Road passing throughDifferent SettlementsDraft Environment Impact Assessment Report2-1ChainageJowai Km. 64.00 – Km. 69.00Wapung Km. 86.00 – Km. 88.00Lad Rymbai Km. 90.00 – Km. 93.00Khliehriat Km. 96.00 – Km. 98.00Ummyrsong Km.115.00 – Km. 116.00Lumshnong Km. 125.00 – Km 127.00Sonapur Km. 138.50 – Km 139.50Umkiang Km 154.00 – Km 156.00Ratachera Km 167.00– Km 169.00Total Length as per existingChainage Km 69.20- km 173.202.2 SALIENT FEATURES104 KmThe project road passes through the congested semi urban settlement andrural settlement and dense jungle vegetation starting from Jowai and endingat Assam/ Meghalaya BorderIt passes through rolling and hilly terrain.Geographically the existing road lies 25 2 N and 26 6 N latitude andbetween 89 50 E and 92 50 E longitudes.The Settlements, agriculture land, valleys, mixed jungle vegetation and thehills beside the existing road give limited scope of widening. There is densemixed jungle where widening will lead to felling of a large number of treeswithin the ROW.There are about 5 churches; 1 temple and 3 graveyards are along the existingproject road.The land use pattern along the project road is characterized by highlypopulated few towns, rural settlements, coal mines and depots, agriculturaland forest cover.There are some utility services like water supply, electrical lines and opticalfiber telephone cables within the ROW near the town/ village, which will needto be relocated during the widening of the highway. Summary of salientfeatures of project road are given in Table 2.2

Description of the ProjectTable 2.2: Summary of Salient Features of Project RoadSl. No. Feature Project Stretch1 Existing Chainage 69.2 to 173.202 Length (Km) 104 km3 Improvement Widening4 Villages/Towns Payish,Yillarg, Wapung, Khlerihat, Lidrambai,Mynkere, Sonapur, Umkiang and Ratachera5 Raw material sources 12 borrow areas has been identified; 4aggregate quarries, 4 sand sources and 7water sources6 Rivers Lubhaa River, Baleshwar river7 Seasonal Streams Muksa River, Motaiya River, Narpu Stream,Tamung River, Umjrung Stream, TongshengRiver, Umprushung River, Apha River8 Air Monitoring Stations Kleirihat, Mumdihatti, at location with coal depot on both side, Umstad Village, Sonapur village , Ratachera Village (Near Primary School)9 Noise MonitoringStations Wapung, Near Mumdihatti , Thangskai Village (Near Church), Umstad Village, Sonapur, Ratachera Village (Near Primary School.10 Water Monitoring stream in Ladrymbai,Station Stream in Mumdihatti, Lubha River, Baleshwar river hand pump on LHS in Khilehriat Town, hand pump on LHS Mumdihatti town handpump on RHS in Pyrtakuna village11 Dump Sites Identified Dumping site identification for solid wastedisposal is under processes in consultationwith the State Government, a set of criteria willbe developed for such identification. Nodumping site will be located in forest area.12 Tree to be Cut 3450 including both reserve forest and nonforesttrees

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Fig. 2.1: Location map of the project roadFig. 2.2 The project road passingthrough Jungle Vegetation2.3 ROAD CONDITIONThe existing road has blacktopped carriageway with the width varying from 5.5mto 7m. The pavement in certain locations has developed cracks, rutting, ravelingand potholes mainly on account of poor drainage.In rest of the road length surface condition is generally satisfactory. Sideshoulders are almost un-surfaced and in damaged condition reducing the width toblacktop in most of the stretches.2.4 RIGHT-OF-WAYThe ROW could not be measured during collection of inventory data as noboundary pillars were available along the project. No data was available withPWD. The BRO has not been able to provide any data. The revenue maps do notexist. The consultant could not collect any information from revenue authoritiesalso. In built-up area, the land available is between 10m to 12m only.2.5 IMPROVEMENT PROPOSALThe improvement works envisage widening of the carriageway (2-lane to 2-lanewith paved shoulders) and its geometric improvement, rebuilding the pavement tostructurally sound designs, construction of bridges and culverts, construction ofretaining walls, breast walls and other slope protection works, junctions and othermiscellaneous features e.g. road signs and other road furniture for improvingsafety and comfort of travel. Existing cross – drainage structures on the highwayhave been thoroughly examined for their hydraulic and structural adequacy andwherever some structures are found to be inadequate, these have been dulyproposed to be repaired/rehabilitated. New cross – drainage structures would beprovided on the new 2 – lane carriageway. The proposed improvement aims atimproving the riding quality, improving journey speed and reducing congestion oftraffic on the highway.Draft Environment Impact Assessment Report2-3

Description of the ProjectThe improvement works will also provide service areas at regular intervals for thehighway users and therefore the current practice of stopping vehicles near theurban/congested stretches will be relatively unhindered. The impacts on air andnoise due to traffic congestion/hindrances will also be removed as compared tothe present situation.The options of concentric widening and left or right side widening have beenconsidered for the improvement project so as to utilize the existing right-of-way(ROW) as far as possible and minimize acquisition of additional land. However,land acquisition will be required as the existing ROW varies between 10 m to12m.Table 2.3: Project InterventionsSl.no Features Existing Proposed1 Right of way 10 to 12m in hillyterrain; 15 to 17m inrolling2 Carriageway 2- lane carriagewaywith width of 6.45 to8.3m.20m2- lane carriageway of 7m with 1m pavedshoulder on hill side and 1.5m paved plus0.5m granular shoulder on valley side.Junctions Minor-29 Up-gradation3 Bridges:Major4 1 reconstruction;3 repairedMinor 35 1 reconstruction34 to be repaired4 Culverts :Pipe5 Slab/ RCCslab50 10 to be reconstructed40 to be repaired391 85 to be reconstructed306 to be repaired6DrainageMasonry drain –68.716 kmUnlined drain -74.8 kmStone masonry drain -3.36km7 SlopeprotectionMasonry retainingwall- 11.59km,Breast wall- 501mGabion wall - 57.5mlengthRetaining walls and breast walls-20.49 km (2 to 7m ht.)Extension of 5m wall- 4.63 kmGabion wall of 2m ht- 2.98 kmGabion wall at slope protection work-385m3.06 km by installing synthetic erosioncontrol mat etc. and rock bolts. (Slopeprotection measures will be taken asper IRC:56-1974)8 Bus stop Nil 17 at 10 location9 Toll plaza Nil 210 Truck parking Nil 111 Way sideAmenitiesNil 2

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)2.6 Natural Resources RequirementNatural resources required in the form of raw material for the above interventions are asgiven in Table 2.4. No material shall be extracted fromTable 2.4 Quantity of materials requiredMaterials required Quantity Sources identified andtestedEarthwork 5.5 lakh cum 12 borrow areas as inFig.2.2Aggregates 6.7 lakh MT 4 aggregate quarries fig.2.3Sand 3.86 lakh MT 4 sand sources Fig.2.4Water 1100 kl/day 7 water sources as inFig.2.5DieselBitumenCementFly-ashLand1.85 lakh kl0.18 lakh MT0.24 lakh cumNo TPP within 100 kmsTotal Land requirement-44.08 haGovt. land :11.94 haPrivate land: 32.13 haNarpuh reserve forest: 2.805haDraft Environment Impact Assessment Report2-5

Description of the ProjectFig. 2.2: Borrow Area Lead Chart

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Fig. 2.3: Lead Chart of Quarry Stone MetalDraft Environment Impact Assessment Report2-7

Description of the ProjectFig. 2.4: Lead Chart of Sand Sources

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Fig. 2.5 : Lead Chart of Water Samples● ● ●Draft Environment Impact Assessment Report2-9

Description of the ProjectDraft Detailed Project Report, 2-Lane Option [Volume IV (Part – A): Environmental Impact Assessment]2 - 2

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT3.1 GENERALThe Environmental Assessment identifies and assesses the existingenvironmental feature, which is based on the field survey within Proposed ROW,as well as data collected from various secondary sources. It is required in order toassess the magnitude of potential impacts both beneficial as well as adverse dueto the proposed project activities on the environment.3.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTLocationThe project road traverses through the Hillyand flat terrain (see Fig. 3.1) and elevation ofthe District ranges between 1050m to 1350m.The district of Jaintia hills lies in the easternpart of the state of Meghalaya and situatedbetween 25 2 N and 26 6 N latitude andbetween 89 50 E and 92 50 E longitudes.In general, the whole District is full of ruggedand undulating terrains with the exception ofthe deep gorges, steep precipice and narrowvalleys carved out by the rivers of Umngot,Fig. 3.1: The Project RoadMyntdu, Lukha, Myntang and a good numberof other turbulent streams that drain out allover the District. The Jaintia Hill District bounded by Karimganj and North CacharDistrict of Assam in the east, the Karbi AnglongDistrict of Assam in the North, Bangladesh in theSouth and East Khasi Hill District of Meghalayain the West. The narrow strip of land at thefoothills runs long the International border ofBangladesh.The road passes through Jaintiahill district, ofMeghalaya state, having an area of 3819 sq.km. and population of 2.99 lakhs and both maleand female population sharing the equalproposition of 1.49 lakhs as per 2001 census.The project road takes off at km 69.200 of NH-44 (After Jowai town) and it passes throughPayish, Yillong, Wapung, Lidrambai, Khlerihatand Mumdihatti in the Jaintiahills district and endat Assam/Meghalaya border at Km 173.200.TopographyFig. 3.2: Relief and Slope Map ofJaintiahills DistrictThe Jaintia hills in the State of Meghalaya are bounded on the North and East bythe State of Assam, on the South by Bangladesh and on the West by East KhasiHills District. The Jaintia Hills is formed of various rock types with varyinglithological characters. Different denudation like rainfall, surface water andtemperature conditions have played an important role on the rock types inmoulding the landforms of the area. It is a remarkable hilly tract with a chain ofhillocks. The upper region of Jaintia Hills has extensive river valleys. It covers anarea larger than rest of the upland region of Meghalaya. The important valleysDraft Environmental Impact Assessment3 - 1

Description of the Environmentare the Sung valley, the Jowai north valley, the Jowai south valley, the Leteinvalley, the Myntang valley and the Umiurem valley. The district may be dividedinto three Parallel zones. The Northern zone is composed of the gentle hillyslopes draining into Brahmaputra valley of Assam through Karbi Anglong andNorth Cachar Hill District is shown Fig. 3.2. The central cone is composed of theundulating plateau land where about 75 percent of the vegetation are made up ofconifers-Pinus Kesiya and hardly 25 percent are broad leaf species. Most of therivers that flow into Brahamaputra Valley and Surma Valley originate from theplateau. The southern zone is composed of steep slope draining into the BarkValley of Assam and the Surma Valley of Bangladesh. The natural vegetation inthe southern zone is composed of broad leaf species only. In fact, the southernzone is renowned for the cultivation of cash crop like pan, betel nut, teezpatta,piper oblongum and piper nigrum etc.Geology and Mineral ResourcesThe geology of the Meghalaya comprising three hills namely Khasi hills, Jaintiahills, Garo hills, consists of older and stable rock types, which are highly resistantto weathering, mostly belonging to Periods of Archean Gneissic complex,Shillong Group of rocks, Lower Gondwana rocks, Sylhet Traps and Cretaceous-Tertiary sediments.The layers of earth in the project area comprises of Schist, Gneisses & Quartzite /BHQ Unclassified Crystalline (Metamorphic), Sand Stone, Shale, Lime Stone(Sedimentary- Consolidated), Granite, Granodiorite, Pegmatite (IgneousIntrusive). The lithological distribution of the project stretch is given inAnnexure 3.1UpperTertiaryTertiaryTable 3.1: Geological Formation of the Project Section of NH-44Era Age StagesMesozoicOligo-MioceneChengpara700 mGroupName /LocalitiesBaghmara 530 m Garo HillsKopiliSimsang500 m1150mEocene Shella 600 mUpperCretaceousLangpurMahadek100 m150 mBottom-Conglomerate 25 mJadukata140 mUnconformityJaintiaHillsKhasiHillsType ofFormationsOlder Alluvium,ConglomeratesCalcareousfacies.Stalagmites andStalagmites.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment3 - 2

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)The Archean, a remnant of the northeasterly extension of the Indian peninsula,remained a landmass experiencing earth movements leading to complete foldingand fracturing of the ancient rocks tillPrecambrian times the central partnow covering the eastern Khasi andcentral Jaintia hills. The Gneissicgroup of rocks shows evidences ofbasement deformation, intricatelyfolded and show a high degree offlowage indicative of high mobility ofrock due to deep burial. The rock andmineral map of Jaintiahill district isgiven in Fig. 3.3.Shillong Group of rocks shows broadopen folds with few steeply dippingzones, apparently due to faulting.Some rocks of the Shear Zones showevidences of Sulphide (mostly pyrite)mineralization.Lower Gondwana, Sylhet Traps,Cretaceous-Tertiary till Miocene,Sedimentationcontinueduninterruptedly over the southern andwestern part of the Garo Hills andsouthern fringe of the Khasi Hills; theJaintia block become uplifted andremained landmass.The magnificent gorges scooped out by rivers in the Southern Khasi and JaintiaHills are the result of massive headward erosion by antecedent streams, alongjoints of the sedimentary rocks over the block experiencing relatively greateruplift. Whole northeast falls in the seismic category- V that is very sensitive,hence Jaintia hill district also very sensitive according to seismic point of view.The State of Meghalaya mainly depends on the four principle mineral deposits,Limestone, coal, Sillimanite and Clay.Limestone the extensive belt (approx.200 kmlong) of good quality limestone (Jaintia Groupof Eocene) occurring along the southernborder of the Khasi Hills and it is utilisedlocally;Coal Starting from the territory of Jawai uptoSurfi town the road is passing through thecoal seems and is confined to the TertiaryFormation of Garo & Khasi Hills (LakadongArea, Lumshnong area, Tenglahg area) withan annual output of about 40,000 tonnes. Thehigh sulpur content and high delivery cost dueto the location of the deposits in remoteFig. 3.3: Rock and Mineral map ofJaintia Hills districtFig. 3.4: A view of Coal depositalong NH44places is a hindrance for the proper exploitation of this vast reserve. Surfi is thelocal name of best quality of coal as well as name of town. The coal were storedalong the NH 44 is given in Fig. 3.4.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment3 - 3

Description of the EnvironmentSillimanite the deposits are found in massive form scattered in 27 major or minordeposits in Nongstoin area and is reputed to contain the best quality in the worldand is famous for its ideal properties as natural refractory. It occurs at places inassociation with Corundum;The age of the rock types exposed along NH-44 between Jowai (Km 63) toAssam Border (Km 172) are Archeans to Tertiary group of rocks. Lithologicaldistribution of rock types along NH-44 between Km 63.00 to Km 172.00 may bereferred in Annexure 3.1.MiningThe total deposit of coal in Jaintia Hills district of the state is approximately 40million tones spreading over patches of different sizes. The areas where coalmining is prominent are Bapung, Lakadong, Jarain-Shkentalang, Lumshnong,Malwar-Musiang-Lamare, Sutnga, Ioksi, Chyrmang and Mutang. Bapung has thelargest deposit of 34 million tonnes covering an area of 12 km2. The maincharacteristics of the coal found in Jaintia Hills are its low ash content, highvolatile matter, high calorific value and comparatively high sulphur content. Thecoal is mostly sub-bituminous in character. The physical characteristics of thecoal of Jaintia Hills district are that it is hard, lumpy, bright and jointed.Composition of the coal revealed by chemical analysis indicates moisture contentbetween 0.4 to 9.2 percent, ash content between 1.3 to 24.7 percent, andsulphur content between 2.7 to 5.0 percent. The calorific value ranges from 5,694to 8230 kilo calories/kilogram (Directorate of Mineral Resources, 1985)The mining activities along the existing road are small-scale ventures controlledby individual owners of the land. Coal extraction is done unscientifically byprimitive sub-surface mining method commonly known as ‘rathole’ mining(Fig. 3.5). In this method, the land is first cleared by cutting and removing theground vegetation and then pits ranging from 5 to 100 m2 are dug into the groundto reach the coal seam. Thereafter, tunnels are made into the seam sideways toextract coal, which is first brought into the pit by using a conical basket or awheelbarrow and then taken out and dumped on nearby unmined area. Finally,the coal is carried by trucks to the larger dumping places near highways for itstrade and transportation. Entire roadsides in and around mining areas are usedfor piling of coal, which is a major source of air, water and soil pollution. Off roadmovement of trucks and other vehicles in the area causes further damage to theecology of the area. Hence, a large extent of the land is spoiled and denuded ofvegetal cover not only by mining but also by dumping and storage of coal andassociated vehicular movement (Fig. 3.6). Mining operation, undoubtedly hasbrought wealth and employment opportunity in the area, but simultaneously haslead to extensive environmental degradation and erosion of traditional values inthe society. Environmental problems associated with mining have been feltseverely because of the region’s fragile ecosystems and richness of biologicaland cultural diversity. The indiscriminate and unscientific mining, absence of postmining treatment and management of mined areas are making the fragileecosystems more vulnerable to environmental degradation and leading to largescale land cover/ land use changes. The list of coal storage locations along theproject road is given in Annexure 3.2Draft Environmental Impact Assessment3 - 4

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Fig. 3.5 View of “rathole” mining activity alongthe project roadFig. 3.6: Dumping of Coal in vegetated areaLand SlidesWith the inherent weak geology of fractured rock, the steep unstable slopes arefurther weakened by action of water during monsoons and result in landslides.Deforestation as a result of felling of trees for timber, animal fodder and removalof vegetation cover due to slash and burnagriculture are added factors, responsible forthe increased soil erosion and destabilizationof slopes.The locations of the landslide prone areasalong the proposed project roads have beenidentified (See Fig. 3.7).The Road passes though the heavy landslidearea, occurrence of landslide is frequent anddisruption in the lifeline is mainly due tooccurrence of big landslides/formationbreaches during heavy monsoon, whichdeprive these states from, supply of essentialFig. 3.7: Landslide Occurrence at km138.00 along NH 44commodities. With the inherent weak geology of fractured rock, the steepunstable slopes are further weakened by action of water during monsoons andresult in landslides. Fig. 3.8 (a and b) shows the real nature of the landslide andtheir impact.Deforestation as a result of felling of trees for timber, animal fodder and removalof vegetation cover due to slash and burn agriculture are added factors,responsible for the increased soil erosion and destabilization of slopes.Fig. 3.8: a and b Sonapur Landslide and recovery activityDraft Environmental Impact Assessment3 - 5

Description of the EnvironmentClimateThe project corridor lies in subtropicalZone. The climate in the Jaintia hills has itsown peculiarities and different from theother part of region. The average altituderange of the region varies from 1350m to1425m. The average Wet and cold winters,with relatively dry and moderately hotsummer are the main features of theregion.The central upland experiences very coldnight during the winter where thetemperature goes down to 1.7 0 c. Thetemperature never rises above 26 0 c in anypart of the year. The areas in the south ofJaintia Hills district fall under highestrainfall zone (more than 500 cm).The climate of the area is subtropicalmonsoon. The average rainfall is 3500mand mean maximum and minimum, temperatures are 24 0 C and 15 0 Crespectively. Three-fourth of the total rain falls between May and October.(Fig. 3.9)The average minimum annual rainfall is 251cm, maximum annual is 367 cm atJowai, and this station does not experience any rain shadow effect. With morethan 70 percent of the rainfall taking place in the monsoon season spread overJune to September.RainfallFig. 3.9: Climatic Condition Map ofJaintiahills districtThe average monthly rainfall is given in Fig. 3.10, and does not experience anyrain shadow effect. With more than 70 percent of the rainfall taking place in themonsoon season spread over June to September.TemperatureFig. 3.10: Mean monthly rainfall of project areaDraft Environmental Impact Assessment3 - 6

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)The monthly minimum and maximum temperature of the project area is given inTable 3.2 and the lower temperature were observed during the winter monthsand higher temperature were observed during the months of summer.Table 3.2: Monthly minimum and maximum temperature of project areaMonthsMaximumTemperature ( o C)MinimumHumidityJanuary 14.7 5.7February 17.1 7.0March 21.3 11.0April 23.3 13.7May 23.4 15.3June 23.3 17.1July 23.5 17.6August 23.9 17.4September 23.1 16.3October 21.5 13.9November 18.8 10.3December 16.0 6.5The humidity of the study area is moderate to high that varies between 50% to87% during the months of March and July respectively. The monthly humidity ofthe project area is given in Table 3.3Table 3.3: Monthly average humidity (%) of project areaMonths Humidity (%) Months Humidity (%)January 61 July 87February 55 August 85March 50 September 82April 62 October 71May 74 November 64June 86 December 57Land Use PatternThe land use map of the district is shown in Fig. 3.11 and pattern within 500mradius of the road is shown in Fig 3.12 and map in Annexure 3.3. Forest cover isdominant Landuse of the area followed by agriculture, barren land The majorcrops in the area are maize, rice, potato, French beans etc. Sensitivity mappingDraft Environmental Impact Assessment3 - 7

Description of the Environmenthas been done (Annexure 3.3) to locate the ecologically fragile and landslideprone areas so as to propose slope protection, minimum removal of vegetationform the hilly forest areas and other relevant mitigation measures.Fig. 3.11: Landuse Map ofJaintia hills districtFig. 3.12 Land Use Pattern of the Project AreaSurface Water Resources in the Project AreaThe Central Pollution Control Board has conducted studies on the waterresources in the project area. The same are presented here.River Lubah Upstream, SonapurSonapur is located on the Shillong -Jowai-Badarpur-Silchar Road on National Highway-44. Sonapur is located almost midwaybetween Jowai and Silchar. River Lubah(Refer Table below) flows within a kilometerdistance from Sonapur (See Fig. 3.13). Lubahfish is very popularly served in the houseslocated on either side of NH-44 atSonapur. All inter-state traffic breaksjourney for refreshment at Sonapur. Asingle span pre-stressed concrete bridgeover the turbulent Lubah River, serves ascritical link between the Brahmaputra valleyof Lower Assam and the Barak Valley ofCachar. It also serves as a virtual gateway for the states of Mizoram andTripura on their overland routes through Meghalaya, Assam and beyond. Thehilly terrain on either side of the Lubah Bridge is covered by reserve forests -Narpuh Reserve Forest. The Funnel shaped valley of the Lubah River broadensout soon after crossing the bridge. The monitoring was undertaken at upstreamof Lubah Bridge. Cement manufacturing company is located at a distance of 1km at Lumshnong. The coal storage, quarrying, mining and transport area ofJaintia Hills starts from Latumbai at upstream of this location.River Lubah Downstream, SonapurFig. 3.13: View of Lubha river nearSonapur villageThe sampling location is situated at downstream of Lubah Bridge at Sonapurvillage on the Shillong-Jowai-Badarpur-Silchar Road at National Highway-44.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment3 - 8

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)River Lubah towards downstream reaches has totally rocky terrain. Another RiverUmnysong passes through at Tongseng at a distance of 7 km from Sonapur.River Malidor, New Malidor, JalalpurThe sampling site of River Malidor (Refer Table 3.4) is located on Jaintia hillborder road of NH - 44 passing through the Assam - Meghalaya Border near Shivtemple. Kalain is located at a distance of 18 km from this location. River Malidorflows through Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya and Karbi Anglong Tea Estate of Assam.The trees are cut to make way through the hilltop for sliding wood from the hill toroad side. The tea gardens and Barak valley start from this area. From RatacheraAssam border is 10 km and Badarpur is 44 km on National Highway - 44.Streams from the surrounding hills join the river. The entire hill area is covered bybeetle nut plantation and harvesting is done on the roadside. Rhododendrongrows all along the road side near Umkiang in Meghalaya at a distance of 3km. River Lubah is located at a distance of 48 km at Sonapur and Shillong is 145km from this location of New Malidor.S. No.Table 3.4: Environmental Problems related to various activitiesRivers /Water bodies1. River Lubahupstream2. River Lubahdownstream3. River LubahNovember,20034. River MalidorNovember,20035. ThadlaskeinLakeLocation ofstretchSonapur, onthe Shillong-Jowai-Badarpur-Silchar RoadNH-44, JaintiaHills DistrictSonapur,downstreamof Lubahbridge, JaintiaHills District.Sonapur 1 kmd/s of Lubahbridge JaintiaHills district.New Malidor,Jalalpur,Assam-MeghalayaBorder, JaintiaHill BoarderRoad, NH-44.Mukhla atNationalActivitiesLubah fish is a popularfood at Sonapur being aninter-state traffic onNH-44. Lubah is close tointernational Indo-Banglafrontier, land sliding,construction of road,washing and bathingwere common activities.Cement manufacturingcompany at Lumshnong.Domestic activities atSonapur village, landsliding, forest cover.Cement manufacturingcompany at Lumshnong,coal storage andtransport from Latumbaion NH-44 quarrying andmining.Deforestation, stonecrusher, dredging, sandrecovery, stone collectionfrom river bed.Tourist activity, forestry,Sajar Nangli MemorialEnvironmentalproblemsSolid waste dumpingon river side due totraffic break journeyfor refreshment,vehicular emission,habitat destructions,silting in water body.Surface runoff,silting in waterbody, habitatdestruction.Silting in water body.Habitat destruction,silting in water body.Silting in water bodydue to profuseDraft Environmental Impact Assessment3 - 9

Description of the EnvironmentS. No.Rivers /Water bodiesLocation ofstretchHighway-44,Jaintia HillsDistrict.ActivitiesPark, cultivation, washing,pumping water foragricultureEnvironmentalproblemsgrowth of wetlandplant andmacrophyticVegetation,excessive use ofwater for cultivation,loss of water level inthe lake, waterquality is affectedfrom surfacerunoffs.6. River Myntduupstream7. River MyntduMiddle stream8. River MyntdudownstreamJowai, westcentral part ofJaintia HillsDistrict on NH-44.Jowai,surrounded byJaintia Hills,upstream ofRoad bridgeJaintia Hills.DistrictSyntuksiar,Jowai JaintiaHills District,lalong onNationalHighway-448km fromJowai.9. River Umngot Dawki atJaintia HillsDistrict. On theIndo-Banglaborder at theend of theGuwahati -Shillong - DawkiRoad.Source: Central Pollution Control BoardInterstate highway.Historical importance ofJaintia Hills, Vastreserves of coal andLimestones, Pine forestryagricultural fields andfish ponds adjacent towater body. Direct use ofriver water throughpumping in cultivatedlands, washing, fishingand boating.Hilly terrain, vibrant flowof water, forest cover,stone crushing, quarrying,hill sand recovery.Paddy fields, tourist spotat Kiang Nanbahmonument, fishing,bathing and washingactivities, solid wastedumping, opendefaecation.Tourist activities. RiverLinks Jaintia Hills Districtwith East Khasi HillsDistrict through an ancientmotorable bridge joiningNH-40. Cultivation,fishing, bathing, watersports, transport throughboats.Water qualityaffected by surfacerunoffs, silting inwater body,habitat destructiondue to humanactivities.Habitat destructiondue to silting inwater body andpoor substratum.Surface runofffrom cultivatedpaddy fields; affectwater quality, siltingin water body,habitat destruction.Sandy substratum,habitat destruction,surface run offsfrom hilly terrain atboth the bank ofriver.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment3 - 10

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Ground Water Sources along the Road AlignmentDepth to ground water table is 2.49 to 3.99 mbgl in pre- monsoon and 1.5 to 1.7m bgl in post monsoon. Stage of ground water development is only 0.16% whichleaves a greater scope for ground water development and hence no requirementof provisions for ground water recharge. There are 8 hand pumps, 16 water tapsand 1 tank in the project corridor within 5 to 9 m of center line. (refer Annexure3.4). The depth of these hand pumps varies from 15-20 meters to 40-50 meters.The water from the hand pumps are utilized for drinking and other domesticpurposes.Rain water harvestingPeople mostly rely on water harvested during rainy season, which they store insmall check dams for future use. The other source of water is water flowing fromthe hills in form of small water falls/streams. This water is captured and storedand distributed for local requirement through pipes. This water is managed andsold by private people @ Rs.30/- per (18X16) liters. Many people are engaged inpurchasing this water and sell a container of 16 liter water @ Rs. 3-5/-,depending upon the distance they travel for delivering this water. (One suchwater facility, which was visited during the survey, exists at Biharitila in LadrymbyTown. It is about 10m away from road on LHS. Such water facilities do exist in allmajor settlements. The road and the land adjoining the road within the ROWcontain coal underneath and hence the mined ore is stored in the vicinity. It wasnotice during the site visit that coal storage sites were located near the waterfacility due to which there are chances of water getting contaminated). In majorsettlements government also supplies water but it is not available to all peopleand also not sufficient to the people those have connection for the Governmentwater supply.Ground and surface Water QualityWater quality along the road is good as reported by Water testing Laboratories,Public Health Engineering Department, and Shillong. There are no majorpollution sources in the area. Apparently, the running water is suitable fordrinking, construction and irrigation purposes. However, in order to find out theexisting water quality scenario samples were collected from surface as well asgroundwater sources i.e. rivers, hand pumps as well as from the waterfalls.Details of the sampling locations and result of ground water quality are given inTable 3.5 and surface water given in Table 3.6.The ground water samples are deficient in iron (

Description of the EnvironmentParameters Units HandpumpKhilehriatTown(KM -98.02)HandpumpMumdihattiVillage(KM-102.50)HandpumpPyrtakunaVillage(KM -139.0)DesirableLimit asperIS:10500PermissibleLimits asperIS:10500Turbidity NTU < 1.0 < 1.0 < 1.0 5 10pH 7.24 7.18 7.38No6.5 – 8.5RelaxationTotal mg/L 268.0 232.0 240.0Hardness300 600(as CaC0 3)Iron (as Fe) mg/L

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Phosphorus(as P0 4 ~")Potassium(as K)Sodium (asNa)AnionicDetergents(as MBAS)mg/L 1.3 1.1 1.2mg/L 3.9 3.2 3mg/L 9.4 6.4 7.2mg/L

Description of the EnvironmentPhosphorus(as P0 4 ~~)mg/L 1.4 2.4 1.9 1.0COD (as 0 2 ) 12.4 16.0 20.3 12.4BOD (3 Daysat 27 Deg.C)SodiumAbsorptionRatio4.2 5.5 7.9 3.9meq/L < 1.0 < 1.0 < 1.0 < 1.0Salinity mg/L 154.9 156.4 168.8 126.7TotalSuspendedSolidsmg/L

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Sulphurdioxide (asS0 2 )Nitrogendioxide (asNO x )Carbonmonoxide(as CO)Lead (asPb)Nickel (asNi)Arsenic (asAs)Ozone (as0 3 )Ammonia(as NH 3 )Benzene(as C 6 H 6 )Benzo (a)Pyrine-Particulatephase onlyµg/m³ 10.0 8.4 9.39 13.33 12.49 11.58 80 24µg/m³ 19.1 20.8 20.19 29.17 21.16 23.51 80 24mg/m 3 < 1.15 < 1.15 < 1.15 < 1.15 < 1.15 < 1.15 2 8µg/m³

Description of the Environment5 UmkiangVillage (KM-131.3)Residential6 Sonapur(KM-145.0)commercial7 RatacheraVillage (NearPrimary School)1 m LHS fromRoad edge8 RatacheraVillage (NearPrimary School)1 m RHS fromRoad edge59.3 49.7 54.5db(A) 55 4570.4 56.4 63.4db(A) 65 5550 40 52.1 42.1 47.1db(A)50 40 52.9 42.6 46.8db(A)Industrial ActivityThe State Govt. has recently given permission for manufacturing of cement inproject area. Soon some seven cement-manufacturing units with a dailyproduction of 900 tons per day (TPD) shall be in operation. Also it is envisaged toincrease the production of each unit to 2000 TPD. It is estimated that this willincrease the traffic volume by 4 – 5 times its present volume due to transportationof raw materials and cement from source to its destination. With the increasedtraffic the associated facilities such as dhabas, vehicles cleaning andmaintenance centers, parking places, petrol and air filling stations etc. will alsoincrease. Though all these activities on one hand enhance the economy andgeneral prosperity in the region, but at the same time induce negative impactse.g. pressure on the local resources and risk of increased HIV / AIDS in theregion.Car washing PlatformsCar washing platforms has been observed onthe existing project road. There are about 24platforms has been found (SeeFig. 3.16), out of which 12 on the right sideand 12 on right side. Both the men andwomen are involved in the activity. The aboveactivity leads to reductions in groundwaterquality because the oils and crease arereaching the ground through leaching.3.3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCESBiological ResourcesFlora and FaunaThe proposed road does not pass throughany Wildlife Sanctuary or national park(Refer Fig. 3.18), however, part of projectroad passes through Narpuah reserveforest area, Pinus Kesiya and its associatesalong with some broad-leaved speciesFig. 3.16: Car washing platformalong the project roadFig. 3.17: Dense Jungle Vegetationalong the project roadDraft Environmental Impact Assessment3 - 16

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)dominate the vegetations along the roadside (Fig. 3.17). From the beginning ofthe road to Surfi settlement pine trees are observed. It is observed that from Surfitown onwards to Sonapur there is thick vegetation on both sides of the road. Thevegetation consists of small trees, bushes, and bamboo plantation. Chainagewisestatus of the trees is given in Annexure 3.8. List of major flora of Meghalayamay be referred in Annexure 3.9.The people of Meghalaya dependenton biomass have been living in closeassociation with its flora from timeimmemorial. The flora, directly orindirectly, provides a resource basefor livelihood of the people, andfundamentally accounts for all theeconomy of this province. It isintricately woven with the social,cultural and religious customs of theinhabitants, and satisfies their bioaestheticand ethical needs.Besides, all the animals depend onfloristic primary producers.Common faunal species found hereare - Hoolock - the only tailless apein India, Golden Cat, Leopard Cat,Jungle Cat, Large Indian Civet,Binturong or Bear Cat, HimalayanBlack Bear, Barking Deer, Pangolin.Wildlife Protected Areas:Fig. 3.18: Forest map of Jaintiahills districtThere is no wildlife-protected area in the proposed project road.3.4 AREAS OF CONCERNEnvironmental Assessment survey, focused group discussion and secondarydata has led to the conclusion that from environmental point of view followingareas are the point of concern from environment.Bio-diversity,High density of trees at several places within ROW,Protection of agricultural lands, Minimum disturbance to naturalresources i.e. rivers, ponds etc.,Plantation under social forestry schemealong the road,Cultural properties like temples, shrines,which are used as, rest areas at most ofthe places within ROW.3.5 ROAD SAFETYFig. 3.19 Accident at the project roadDraft Environmental Impact Assessment3 - 17

Description of the EnvironmentNumber of accidents on the roads in Meghalaya, resulting in serious injuries andfatal casualties of the traveling public, are reported every year. Majority of theseaccidents is reported to have occurred by rolling down the road. This can beattributed to the poor geometry of the roads, which pass through hilly terrain,negotiating sharp curves and bends without adequate signage. The cause of theaccidents, however, is reported to be mainly due to the negligence of drivers. Fig.3.19 shows a car fallen in the valley on the curve of the project road. Also theaccident and overturning of coal transporting vehicle is common along the projectroad is a chaos to traffic and also the poor maintenance of above vehicle emittinghigh smoke is another cause for air pollution.3.6 HOT SPOT/SENSITIVE LOCATIONSThe Proposed Project passes through Landslides and illegal coal mining Area.The Landslides prone area starts km104.0 onwards. The illegal coal mining areacomes under chainage 72.0 km to 155.0 Km. Mapping of the same is shown inAnnexure 3.3.• • •Draft Environmental Impact Assessment3 - 18

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)4. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSAND MITIGATION MEASURES4.1 GENERALThe potential environmental impact depends on the nature of disturbance to the naturaleco-system as well as to the physical environment. The project activities such as leveling,hill cutting, clearing of vegetation, felling of trees along the road, construction of culverts &bridges on rivers, setting up of labour & construction camps, siting of constructionmachinery and other related operations are bound to cause environmental impacts(positive/negative). The impact, due to road project on environment, can be minimized, ifproposed mitigation measures are adopted during design, construction and operationphase. The potential impact on environment is discussed below:4.2 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES4.2.1 Water EnvironmentImpact on Surface Water QualityConstruction PhaseThe project road passes through many seasonal and perennial streams along thealignment. Contamination of surface water may take place due to spills of constructionmaterials, oil, grease, fuel and paint, improper sanitation, and waste disposal fromconstruction camps etc. This can be kept under check by adequateprecautionary/mitigative measures. Control measures will be exercised to prevent anycontamination of water while construction of bridges and to control the suspended solidsduring road construction. During construction phase care would be exercised to controldust so that water of springs, falls etc. especially those located very near to the ROW maynot get contaminated. Car washing platforms are present in the project road and waterreleased from the above may lead to surface and groundwater contamination.Operation PhaseIt is envisaged that there is probability of positive impacts, during operation phase, due tothe proposed widening/strengthening of existing road. The extent of vehicles going on tothe berms causing dust etc. would reduce and the drainage system will improve, thus,reducing adverse effect of soil erosion.Impact on Ground Water QualityGround water pollution can take place only if leachate from dump containing chemicalsubstances, reaches the ground water table. In this project no such material in substantialquantity will be used. Even otherwise, there is no groundwater, reportedly, available alongthe project road. Hence, no impact on the ground water quality is anticipated from theproject during the construction and operation phase. Wastewater from car washingplatforms contains oils, grease etc., may contaminate the groundwaterMitigation MeasuresWidening option susceptible to soil erosion to be avoided, to ensure efficient crossdrainageand to prevent water stagnation along the sides, adequate size and number ofcross-drainage structure have been proposed. At cross drainage structures, the earth,stone or any other construction materials will be properly disposed off so as not to blockthe flow of water.To avoid contamination of the water body and drainage channels from fuel and lubricants,the vehicles and equipments will be properly maintained and refueled only at designatedplaces. The slopes of embankment leading to water bodies will be modified and recanalizedso that contaminants do not enter the water body. Oil and grease traps will beprovided at fuelling locations, to prevent contamination of water. Oil interceptors will beprovided at the car washing platform locations.To avoid contamination of the various water bodies and drainage channels, constructionwork close to the streams or other water bodies will be avoided, especially, duringDraft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 1

Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measuresmonsoon period. All wastes arising from the project will be disposed off, in strictadherence to the State Pollution Control Board norms. Silt fencing will be provided toprevent sediments and pollutants from the construction site entering into the nearbywatercourses.4.2.2 Land RequirementConstruction PhaseThe present road widening will require land acquisition, which will lead to change in landuse pattern. No adverse impact on the environment is anticipated due to hydrologicalfactors. However cutting of hills will have adverse impacts e.g. erosion, unstable hillslopes etc.The problem of soil erosion during the construction stage is likely to be more pronouncedalong bridge-end fills, over steep banks and embankment slopes. Destabilization ofslopes is expected due to embankments, modification of flows. Site tipping and spoilmaterial will lead to increased erosion. Water flow diversion will also lead to soil erosion.Compaction of soil will occur in the pre-construction and construction stage (particularlyduring site clearance stage) due to movement of heavy machinery and vehicles.Compaction of soil is likely to occur during transplantation of trees and during setting upof construction camps and stockyards.Contamination of soil will result due to solid waste disposed from construction camps,leakage and spillage of fuel and lubricants from construction vehicles, improper disposalof construction wastes and spoils.Operation PhaseContamination of soil is expected due to deposition of the chemicals from the emission ofthe vehicles as well as accidental spills from the vehicles. During operation phasefollowing restrictions should be imposed.Construction within ROW should be such as not to cause damage to the environment andthe existing regulation should be enforced strictly.Usage of Bio-engineering techniques for slope stabilization (Annexure 4.1)Plantation of trees, shrubs and bushes as appropriate to soil characteristics and climateconditions.Mitigation MeasuresThe adverse impacts on the land due to the project will be mitigated by a) minimizing thearea of ground clearance, b) avoiding steep slopes, excess cut & fill to minimize theproduction to spoil material, c) avoiding the use of contaminated site, d) avoiding slopeswhose embankment angles are more than natural angle of repose for that soil, e)replanting the disturbed areas immediately after disturbance stopped, instead of waitingfor the construction to get over.Replanting cleared areas and slopes is the most effective action to be taken in reducingerosion and stability problems. Grasses will be planted on the embankment slopes toeffectively limit the surface erosion.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 2

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Slope retaining structures will be provided where slopes are unstable, and vegetationgrowth is very slow. Stone pitching, riprap and rock material embedment in slope face,gabions and cribs will protect river embankments. Better drainage facility will be providedto control speed, volume and location of flow.To prevent the compaction of soil and the trampling of the vegetation around theconstruction sites and temporary access roads, it will be ensured that the constructionmachinery and equipment will move, or be stationed in the designated area. To minimizecompaction of soil, all the vehicles will as far as possible, follow per-designated routes.At the various construction sites, the vehicles and equipment will be maintained andrefueled in such a fashion that oil/diesel spillage does not contaminate the soil. It will beensured that the fuel storage and refueling sites are kept away from drainage channelsand important water bodies.4.2.3 Air EnvironmentConstruction PhaseThe air quality can deteriorate due to generation of particulate matter from the vehicularemission by movement of vehicle during construction activities & generation ofsuspended solids from construction activity, which may involve site clearance, earth fillingand material loading, hauling and unloading. The impact is expected to be temporary andconfined to the construction area. However, high quantities of dust may have implicationson the health of the people living near the project area and the construction workers.Hence, efforts would be made to sprinkle water regularly to address these adverseeffects.Operation PhaseIncrease in air pollutant load is expected during the operation phase, since traffic volumeis projected to be high. It is essential that appropriate traffic safety measures are includedin the project design so that with the increase in traffic volume, men, animals, etc are notaffected by accidents.Air Quality ModelingAir quality modeling for CO have been done using CALINE 4 line source modeldeveloped by California Transport Department considering 2011 as base year and 2030as the future year of prediction. The model use the conditions prevalent to the Projectsuch as site conditions, metrological conditions, traffic data as predicted for the project aswell as the emission factors as prevalent in India. CALINE-4 is the fourth generationsimple line source Gaussian plume dispersion model (Benson, 1984). It employs a mixingzone concept to characterize pollutant dispersion over the roadway. The model has beenrun for “worst one hour condition” with roughness coefficient of suburban area (100cm)with mixing zone with of 14 m for 2010 and 15 m for 2030.Meteorological conditionsMean annual wind speed of 4.45 m/s with direction deviation of 15 degrees have beenconsidered along with stability class of D (neutral) with mixing height of 0 m with slightday time insolation and thin over cast.Traffic & LocationHourly 24 hours mode wise traffic count has been considered to compute emission factorfor all the mentioned years for two representative locations in Homogenous section (HS)II & III. Peak hour traffic count (table 4.1) has been considered for running “one hourcase”. First location is on rolling topography which is a belt of coal mining units as well asresidential area falling in HS II (km. 97+000 to km.173+000) near Khliehriat. Secondlocation is on hill with valley on one side in HS III (km.77+200 to km.97+000) inRatacherra.Table 4.1. – Average daily Peak hour traffic count by yearDraft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 3

Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation MeasuresHS IIHourYearTraffic inVehiclesLinks & Receptors8:00 to 9:00 2010 4158:00 to 9:00 2020 7188:00 to 9:00 2030 1245HS III7:00 to 8:00 2010 1157:00 to 8:00 2020 1997:00 to 8:00 2030 345For the purpose of the model two HS have been considered and based on therepresentative locations Group- links have been taken (each link is supposed to be lessthan 10 kms) with grid receptors with X & Y spacing of 7 and 8 m respectively. Thedivision of sections into links has been done in such way, so that the link can be fairlyconsidered as straight stretch of road having homogenous geometry with uniform width,height, and traffic volume and vehicle emission factors. The coordinates of end points oflinks specify the location of the links in the model. The model uses Gaussian dispersionparameters (σ y and σ z ) that are fairly accurate up to 100m distance.Emission FactorOne of the important requirements for Caline-4 modeling is the input for emission factorfor vehicles. In the present study, the emission factors specified by the AutomotiveResearch Association of India (ARAI),2007 have been used for calculation of weightedemission factors. These emission factors have been expressed for various pollutants andvehicle types in terms vintage year (i.e., year of manufacture), type of fuel used (petrol ordiesel) & deterioration factor specified by CPCB. The improvement in engine technology,resulting in reduced emission factors are reflected in these emission factors. Since, thereis only one input requirement for total no. of vehicles in the CALINE 4 model, whereas,there are different categories of vehicles (viz., Cars, Bus and trucks) with different year ofmanufacture and fuel used, it is essential that a single value representing the equivalentor weighted emission factors for all the vehicles is input into the model. Thus, WEFexpressed in g/mile (converted from gm/km) has been calculated for the present study.The formula used for composite emission factor is as below:Composite Emission Factor = ∑fixi/∑fiWhere, fi= no. of vehicles& xi= CO emission factorEmission factor computed and considered for this study is 1.56 gm/mile.The ARAI Emission Factors & CPCB deterioration factors used for modeling are given inTable 4.2 & 4.3below.Table 4.2 ARAI Emission Factor (gm/km) for different Category of Vehicles by yearDraft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 4

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Pollutant(CO)CarMultyUtilityvehicles3-Wheeler2-WheelerDiesel42 4Year Petrol2stroke strokestroke strokediesel1992 4.75 1.2 2.49 0 0 6 3.12 3.07 13.061993 4.75 1.2 2.49 0 0 6 3.12 3.07 13.061994 4.75 1.2 2.49 0 0 6 3.12 3.07 13.061995 4.75 1.2 2.49 0 0 6 3.12 3.07 13.06LGV1996 4.825 0.87 2.49 3.15 0 5.1 1.58 3 4.481997 4.825 0.87 1.38 3.15 0 5.1 1.58 3 4.481998 4.825 0.87 1.38 3.15 0 5.1 1.58 3 4.481999 4.825 0.87 1.38 3.15 0 5.1 1.58 3 4.482000 4.825 0.87 1.38 3.15 0 5.1 1.58 3 4.482001 3.01 0.72 0.39 1.37 2.09 3.435 1.48 3.66 12.142002 3.01 0.72 0.39 1.37 2.09 3.435 1.48 3.66 12.142003 3.01 0.72 0.39 1.37 2.09 3.435 1.48 3.66 12.142004 3.01 0.72 0.39 1.37 2.09 3.435 1.48 3.66 12.142005 3.01 0.72 0.39 1.37 2.09 3.435 1.48 3.66 12.142006 3.01 0.06 0.25 1.15 0.41 0.16 0.72 3.66 3.922007 3.01 0.06 0.25 1.15 0.41 0.16 0.72 3.66 3.922008 3.01 0.06 0.25 1.15 0.41 0.16 0.72 3.66 3.922009 3.01 0.06 0.25 1.15 0.41 0.16 0.72 3.66 3.922010 3.01 0.06 0.25 1.15 0.41 0.16 0.72 3.66 3.92MGVSource: Air Quality Monitoring Project- Indian Clean Air Program (ICAP) Draft Report on„Emission Factor Development for Indian Vehicles‟ CPCB ARAI Pune, August 2007Table 4.3 CPCB deterioration factor for different Category of Vehicles by yearPollutant(CO)CarMultyUtilityvehicles3-WheelerDiesel4Year Petrol2stroke strokediesel1992 1.355 1.18 0 0 0 1.51993 1.355 1.18 0 0 0 1.51994 1.355 1.18 0 0 0 1.51995 1.355 1.18 0 0 0 1.52-WheelerLGVMGV1996 1.17 1.085 1.1 0 0 1.4 1.1 1.4751997 1.17 1.085 1.1 0 0 1.4 1.1 1.4751998 1.17 1.085 1.1 0 0 1.4 1.1 1.475Draft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 5

Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures1999 1.17 1.085 1.1 0 0 1.4 1.1 1.4752000 1.17 1.085 1.1 0 0 1.4 1.1 1.4752001 1.28 1.14 1.125 1.7 1.133 1.3 1.125 1.332002 1.28 1.14 1.125 1.7 1.133 1.3 1.125 1.332003 1.28 1.14 1.125 1.7 1.133 1.3 1.125 1.332004 1.28 1.14 1.125 1.7 1.133 1.3 1.125 1.332005 1.28 1.14 1.125 1.7 1.133 1.3 1.125 1.332006 1.097 1.05 1.095 1.475 1.095 1.2 1.095 1.172007 1.097 1.05 1.095 1.475 1.095 1.2 1.095 1.172008 1.097 1.05 1.095 1.475 1.095 1.2 1.095 1.172009 1.097 1.05 1.095 1.475 1.095 1.2 1.095 1.172010 1.097 1.05 1.095 1.475 1.095 1.2 1.095 1.17InterpretationNO contour got generated for the assessment years because of low volume of traffic. This showsthat by 2030 the vehicular emission of CO would not take place beyond the permissible limit/present value detected (1.15 mg/m 3 ).Figure 4.1 No contour generationMitigation MeasuresThe negative impacts on air quality during construction will be mostly localized in theRight of Way (RoW). However, it is likely that impacts due to dust generation are feltdownwind of the site rather than the site itself. Some of the mitigation measuressuggested for control of air pollution are as described below.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 6

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)The asphalt plants, crushers and the batching plants will be sited at least 1000m inthe downwind direction from the nearest settlement;All precautions to reduce the level of dust emissions from the hot mix plants, crushersand batching plants will be taken up. The hot mix plant will be fitted with dustextraction units;All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction will be regularlymaintained to ensure that the pollution emission levels conform to the SPCB norms.Regular monitoring of Suspended particulate Matter at crusher sites, during theconstruction, will be conducted;Water will be sprayed on the lime/cement and earth mixing sites, asphalt mixing siteand temporary service and access. After compacting the earthwork, water will besprayed on regularly to prevent dust;To avoid dust emissions likely to result from the spills of construction materials andborrow materials, the vehicles delivering material will be covered;Planting of trees/vegetation on the periphery of the construction site must be takenup; andDuring the operation stage of the project, vehicular emissions of critical pollutants (SPM,RSPM, CO, SO 2 , NO x and Pb) will be monitored and roadside tree plantation will bemaintained.4.2.4 Noise EnvironmentConstruction PhaseIncrease in traffic due to construction activities may lead to increase in the noise levelespecially at congested and sensitive areas. Due to the operation of constructionequipments, there will be a rise in noise level, though temporary in nature. In order toavoid the rise in noise level, construction machinery should be located away from thesettlements. Plantation scheme will be suggested for noise screening and noise barrierswill be recommended (if need be) at sensitive locations i.e. schools and hospitals.Operation PhaseWidening of the road will result in decrease in noise level due to improvement inpavement surface & consequent smooth running of the vehicles and decrease incongestion at intersections/junctions.However, noise levels had been modeled using Traffic Noise Model, FHWA (FederalHighway Administration) for base year of 2011, 2020 and. Average daily hourly trafficcount has been considered for all the years mentioned. Modeling has been done for tworepresentative sections viz. homogenous section I (free flow on main alignment both onbase and projected years) and homogenous section. This model takes into account noiserecorded at 1m distance from road edge at both side i.e. near and far end. The figuresbelow depicts the distance decay on both side of the road.Homogenous section II (km.77+200 to km.97+000)This section has comparatively higher traffic than the other stretches of the road andpasses along industrial mixed with residential corridor. The base year speed limits asobserved are 20 km/hr for passenger vehicles, 15 for medium and 12 for heavy vehiclesand (L O ) Ei or reference energy mean emission level of vehicle is computed to be 56.16dB(A). The average L eq (hi) (equivalent noise level at point of receipt) is computed to be58.69 dB (A). Similarly, it has been computed for all the projected years using increasedspeed value of 60 km/hr, 55km/hr and 45 km/hr for small, medium and heavy vehicles.Figure 4.2 shows the increase in noise level over the years and decrease in noise levelwith distance. Formula used is as follows:Leq (h)i = (Lo)Ei+ 10log (NiπDo/SiT) + 10log(Do/D) 1+α + 10log [ψα(ф₁, ф₂) ⁄π] + SDraft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 7

Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation MeasuresFig. 4.2 Equivalent noise level generated for HS II using FHWA-TNMHomogenous section III (km. 97+000 to km.173+000)Location of Panagarh, main alignment has been considered for the base year. It passesthrough the congested settlement of Panagarh and speed of vehicles gets reduced toaround 20 km/hr for passenger vehicles, 15 for medium and 12 km/hr for small, mediumand heavy vehicles. The (L O ) Ei or reference energy mean emission level of vehicle iscomputed to be 56.16 dB(A) and the average L eq (hi) (equivalent noise level at point ofreceipt) is computed to be 58.62 dB (A).To avoid congestion and loss of structures a bypass has been proposed near Panagarhwhich is expected to provide free flow to vehicles with increase in speed 60 km/hr,55km/hr and 45 km/hr for small medium and heavy vehicles. Similar, to base year (L O ) Eiand L eq (hi) have been computed for 2020 and 2030. Figure 4.3 shows L eq (hi) values forall the years and by distance from the edge of the road in meter.Noise level in the main existing road may increase by 12 dB (A) in following 10 yearsbecause of increase in traffic and marginal improvement in speed. However, the exposuretime would be less as at present the journey speed ranges from 12 to 15 kmph which willbe improved by 30 to 40%. Moreover, it‟s a hill valley section and source of noisegeneration level would be at higher than line of sight of adjacent settlement on the slopeand would get diffracted at a safer angle.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 8

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Fig.4.3 Equivalent noise level generated for HS III using FHWA-TNMMitigation MeasuresIn order to avoid the rise in noise level, construction machinery should be located at least500 m away from the settlements. Contractors will be advised to provide earplugs toworkers to reduce the impact of noise pollution. The noisy construction operations andtheir duration will be scheduled in such a way to prevent nighttime activities. In addition toabove, the contractor will follow guidelines prescribed by CPCB.Diverting traffic in sensitive areas, providing signages, will help reduce noise. Properdesign and maintenance of vehicles will also help in reduction of noise levels.4.2.5 LandslidesConstruction PhaseThe present road widening will require hill cutting and part of the proposed road is inlandslide prone area, which will further lead to movement of rocks, soils etc. As all thisdone in controlled and environmental safe manner, hence minimum impact on theenvironment is anticipatedThe problem of soil erosion during the construction stage is likely to be more pronouncedalong landslide areaOperation PhaseConstruction within ROW should be such as not to cause damage to the environment andthe existing regulation should be enforced strictly.Mitigation MeasuresThe adverse impacts on the land due to the project will be mitigated by a) minimizing thearea of ground clearance, b) avoiding steep slopes, excess cut & fill to minimize theproduction to spoil material, c) avoiding slopes whose embankment angles are more thannatural angle of repose for that soil, e) replanting the disturbed areas immediately afterdisturbance stopped, instead of waiting for the construction to get over.Replanting cleared areas and slopes is the most effective action to be taken in reducingerosion and stability problems. Grasses will be planted on the embankment slopes toeffectively limit the surface erosion.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 9

Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation MeasuresThe cut slopes along the NH-44 between Jowai to Assam border are unstable andfacing landslides problems. Rocks in some of the stretches are highly weathered andunstable. Slope stabilization and slope protection work along with proper drainage work isrecommended for these unstable stretches.All land slide stretches can be classified into three groups based on slope failure type andavailable rock/slope type.Case 1: Unstable rock slopeCase 2: Unstable soil slopeCase 3: Eroded Soil slopeThe solution proposed for these three cases are:Case 1: Unstable Rock SlopeThe Rock mass is unstable and hence it is recommended to provide a breast wall of 3.0 mat the toe of slope. And the upper 3 m unstable rock slope shall be reinforced with RockBolts 6.0m. Prior to rock bolting, all loose material shall be removed from the slope. TheseRock Bolts should be provided at 1.5m c/c spacing. The reinforced rock slope shall bescaled to 45 degree with proper edging. A longitudinal drainage trench at the top ofreinforce rock slope and transvers lined catch water drains should be provided to drain outthe water. The systematic cross-section of reinforced slope and breast wall with drainagearrangement is shown in Fig 4.4.Fig 4.4: Rock Slope Protection with Rock Bolts and Breast wallCase 2: Unstable Soil SlopeFor such stretches it is recommended to provide a breast wall of 3.0 m at the toe of slope.And the upper 3 m unstable slope shall be reinforced with soil nailing techniques. Prior tonailing, all loose material shall be removed from the slope. The reinforced slope shall bescaled to 45 degree with proper edging. A longitudinal drainage trench at the top ofreinforce slope and transvers lined catch water drains should be provided to drain out thewater. The systematic cross-section of reinforced slope and breast wall with drainagearrangement is shown in Fig 4.5.Fig 4.5: Slope Protection with Soil Nailing and Breast Wall at Toe of SlopeDraft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 10

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Case 3: Eroded Rock SlopeThe Eroded soil should be properly protected by establishing proper vegetation by means ofbio-engineering techniques. A breast wall should be provided at the toe of slope. Toedrainage trench and transverse lined catch water drain should be provided to release thepore water pressure developed inside the slope.Fig 4.6: Erosion Protection of slope and Breast wall at toe of slopeLand Slide No. 1 km 104.90Solution proposed for Case 1 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 2 km 105.100Solution proposed for Case 1 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 3 km 105.500Solution proposed for Case 1 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 4 km 108.100Solution proposed for Case 3 is recommended for this stretch.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 11

Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation MeasuresLand Slide No. 5 km 108.400Solution proposed for Case 2 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 6 km 111.000Solution proposed for Case 2 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 7 km 112.050Solution proposed for Case 1 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 8 km 117.00Solution proposed for Case 3 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 9 km 122.500Solution proposed for Case 1 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 10 km 123.100Solution proposed for Case 1 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 11 km 133.50Solution proposed for Case 1 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 12 km 133.600Solution proposed for Case 2 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 13 km 135.800Solution proposed for Case 2 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 14 km 139.500Solution proposed for Case 2 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 15 km 141.000Solution proposed for Case 2 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 16 km 142.900Solution proposed for Case 2 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 17 km 144.900Solution proposed for Case 2 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 19 km 156.700Solution proposed for Case 2 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 20 km 157.100Solution proposed for Case 1 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 21 km 157.100Solution proposed for Case 1 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 22 km 161.700Solution proposed for Case 1 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 23 km 165.700Solution proposed for Case 1 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 24 km 165.800Solution proposed for Case 1 is recommended for this stretch.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 12

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Land Slide No. 25 km 166.900Solution proposed for Case 2 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 26 km 168.500Solution proposed for Case 1 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 27 km 170.000Solution proposed for Case 1 is recommended for this stretch.Land Slide No. 28 km 172.200Solution proposed for Case 2 is recommended for this stretch.4.3 IMPACT ON HUMAN USE VALUESInduced Development (Land use pattern change)The improvement of the project road is expected to cause some changes in the land use.In this process, areas presently under agriculture and mixed jungle vegetation area maybe diverted for development and other usage.The impact of the road improvement on the socio-economic environment will besignificantly beneficial, as it is likely to stimulate the economic growth of the area. Thespecific benefits of the road improvement will include reduction in travel time, travel cost,reduction in the time to bring the agricultural goods to the markets.Mitigation MeasuresDegraded land will be developed by adopting appropriate enhancement measures.Compensatory plantation of new trees will make up for the loss of trees. Private landacquired will be compensated financially as per state govt. laws. Market places along theproject road will be enhanced.Loss of Monuments/Historical AreasThere is no monument along the project road, which might be impacted due to thewidening activity. There are a number of shrines and a temples existing very near toproject road. Adjustment in alignment is required in order to minimize the loss to thesereligious structures.Health, Safety and Hygiene for Construction WorkersThe most significant impact of the project on public health is likely to arise fromconstruction camps. These camps are anticipated to house up to 200 people for 30-40months. Given this concentration of people, the potential for disease and illness to betransmitted may increase.Mitigation MeasuresConstruction workers will be fully trained and will be provided adequate safety measuresviz. helmets, gumboots, earplugs, and gloves. During construction regular training will begiven to construction worker in respect of safety measures as well as environmentalprotection measures. Provisions of heath care facilities at construction camps will bemade available and training will be imparted to reduce transmission of diseases i.e.HIV/AIDS.Social Development due to Road Widening and Increased TrafficIndustries and business may grow as well as tourism industries may flourish further. Inother words this will lead to induced development and may lead to increased tourismalong with other problems of social and cultural nature. However, these need to betackled as and when they occur.4.4 IMPACT ON ECOLOGICAL RESOURCESImpact on VegetationDraft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 13

Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation MeasuresWidening of the road could cause ecological degradation of the environment, as 19629trees/plants were likely to be affected in the feasibility stage. In order to carefullydesigning and realignment the number is reduced to 3450. Apart from these there is lossof vegetation cover. Loss of large number of trees and vegetation cover may result in theclimatic changes.In the operation phase environmental quality would be considerably improved by adoptingenvironmentally sound engineering designs maintaining the aesthetic quality throughlandscaping and arboriculture practices.Mitigation MeasuresNumber of trees to be cut has been kept at the minimum level by modifying alignments,eccentric and concentric widening. No construction vehicle will be allowed to enter intothe dense vegetation area. During construction, proper care will be exercised to avoidadditional loss/cutting of trees. Construction camp will be sited at least 2 km away fromthe forest area. To balance the ecological loss, compensatory afforestation will be doneas per the clearance condition laid down by the forest department.Impact on Wildlife & ForestConstruction PhaseThere is no wildlife reported in the project area hence, there will be no impact on wildlife,During the construction phase, adverse impacts on the biodiversity is expected as thepart of project road lies in the dense jungle vegetated area. Temporary displacement ofthe aquatic fauna, if any, may take place during the construction of the bridges over therivers and canals across the road. The accidental spillage of chemicals coming withsurface runoff may disturb the fauna of these water bodies. This will have to be mitigatedby implementing the mitigation measures and involving the relevant forest officials, toensure the implementation, while work is being carried out.Operation PhaseDuring operation phase due to the increased traffic and widening of the road, there arechances of accidents of wild animals while crossing the road. The noise created by thefast moving vehicles may disturb the fauna, whatever remaining. In order to avoid thisadverse impact, the speed of the vehicles shall be restricted especially during nighttime.4.5 PEOPLE’S CONCERNS ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESMajor concerns on environmental issues surfaced during the discussions with localpeoples, which are summarized as follows:Protection of water bodies, that are very close to the project road,Conservation of biodiversity/medicinal plants in the project area,Minimum loss to the properties,Minimum loss to agricultural landProtection of cultural properties,Compensation for trees / plants going to be affected,Road safety4.6 EVALUATION OF IMPACTThe Environmental Impact Evaluation process involves four basic steps viz-Identification,Interpretation,Evaluation andCommunicationDraft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 14

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)A number of techniques are available for the assessment of impacts. Each of thesetechniques has its advantage and disadvantage. The selection of any or all of thesetechniques for any particular project depends largely upon the choice of the analyst. Thetechnique chosen should be comprehensive, easy to understand, systematic, andflexible. Considering these criteria, for this project, the matrix method is to be consideredfor evaluation of impact and assessment.Justification for Matrix MethodThe matrix method is useful for the purpose of this project. It identifies the impact of eachproject activity on each environmental component. Evaluation and interpretation ofimpacts albeit subjective, do convey a holistic view of the environmental impacts of theproject. In addition, the matrix has an easy-to-understand way of communicating theresults of the EIA exercise.Alternative ScenariosImpact score for the project will be calculated for three scenarios using the matrix methoddescribed above. Matrices will be prepared to represent each of these scenarios. Scenario 1 = NO PROJECT i.e. widening and strengthening of the road is notrecommended. Scenario 2 = EIA with EMP i.e. proposed development takes place with theEnvironmental Management recommended.Scenario 1: NO PROJECTThis scenario will be based upon the assumptions that the widening and strengthening ofselected sections of project will lead to environmental degradation. The detailed analysiswill evaluate the potential threat to the environmental systems and pin point the maincauses of choosing this option.Scenario 2: EIA with EMPThe adverse impact of the project would be reduced considerably if the EMP were fullyimplemented. The detailed EMP will be prepared and recommendations will be given indetailed environmental analysis later.Impact Network Diagram and Matrix Fig 4.7 are given in the following pages.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 15

Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation MeasuresFig.4.7 IMPACT NETWORK DIAGRAM OF CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION PHASEAcquisition of Land5A, 7A, 8A, 3C, 7BAir Quality1AFlora and fauna1BEcology1CSite clearing and leveling1A, 2A, 3A, 6A, 7A, 8A,2C, 1B, 7B, 2B, 5B,Noise & Vibration2AHuman health2BQuality of Life2CEarth work and excavation1A, 2A, 4A, 5A, 7A, 5B, 2B,8A, 6B, 3C, 7BSurface Water Quality3AFisheries3BEconomy & income level3CStone quarrying/crushingoperation1A, 2A, 1B, 5B, 7A,2B, 2C, 8A, 3C,Ground water quality4ARecreation4BMovement of vehicle forconstruction material;1A, 2A, 5A, 1B, 7A,2C, 2B, 8ASoil Quality5AAesthetics5BProcessing of constructionmaterial1A, 2A, 2B, 2C, 8A, 7BLand and Property value6ATrade and commerce6B1A, 2A, 4A, 1B, 7A,Construction operationRoad construction acrossthe water bodies2B, 2C, 8A, 3C2A, 3A, 4A, 1B, 7A, 8A, 3C1A, 2A, 5A, 1B, 5B, 2B,Land use pattern7AEmployment8AHistoric & CulturalResources7BRoad in operation2C, 2C, 8A, 6B, 3C, 7BBasic amenities9ADraft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 16

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) to Meghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in theState of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)4.7 MITIGATION MEASURESOn the basis of base-line information collected during Environment Survey, the mitigation measures, as given in Table 4.4, are suggested.Table 4.4: Potential Impacts and Mitigation MeasuresSl.noEnvironmentalConcernsMitigation MeasuresLocations1 SurfacewaterchannelsandgroundwateraquifersRivers and streams may getaffected due to siltation, oil spillsduring construction.Road runoff with grease/ oil,hydrocarbons and metallic ionsmay into the water channels duringoperationIn both cases it may alsocontaminate ground waterConstruction work and location of plant and machinery nearwater bodies will be avoided.Construction of Oil and grease interceptors refuelingplatformsAn enhancement plan to be prepared for the protection ofsprings and water fallAll waste arising due to project activities will be disposed of indesignated areas identified by the supervision consultantduring implementation, as per State Pollution Control BoardnormsAt all water bodies nearthe work front.Packaged sewage treatment system shall be used in thelabour campsSilt Fencing & sediment traps.Water quality monitoring planConstruction of bridges in lean seasonCofferdams for deep foundationsAppropriate drainage designNatural drainage shall be maintained74.8 km of unlined drain and 3.36km of stone masonry drainhas been proposed that will take care of the runoff; The watershall be accumulated in tanks after passing through oil/grease interceptor.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 17

Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation MeasuresSl.noEnvironmentalConcernsMitigation MeasuresLocations2 AirpollutionFugitive and gaseous emissionmay increase during constructionand will be temporaryConstruction camps shall be at 1000m down wind directionfrom the settlementsConstruction machinery will be fitted with dust extractionunits.Throughout the ProjectCorridor at places whereconstruction machinerywill be sitedEmission from plying vehiclesduring operationAll vehicles delivering materials to the site will be covered toavoid spillage of materials.All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for constructionwill be regularly maintained to ensure that the pollutionemission levels conform to the SPCB norms.During operation by improving intersections; by removingtraffic bottlenecks; by maintaining a steady stream flow oftraffic3 NoisePollutionIncrease in noise due toconstruction activity but would befor short termDuring operation period due toincrease in trafficThe plants and equipment used in construction will strictlyconform to the GoI noise standards.All vehicles and equipment used in construction will be fittedwith exhaust silencers. The noise from the equipment mustcomply with the relevant legislation for levels of soundemission.Workers in vicinity of loud noise, and workers working with orin crushing, compaction, concrete mixing operation will wearearplugs.Construction sitesand camps; sitewhere cutting wouldbe carried outSensitive land useslike schools andhospitals will feel theexposure moreAll activities pertaining to procurement, storage, transport andhandling of explosives and subsequent blasting will becarried out as per the statutory Indian Explosives Act 1984.Cutting will be restricted only to daytime hours. PriorDraft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 18

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) to Meghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in theState of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Sl.noEnvironmentalConcernsMitigation Measuresinformation of blasting operational times (if any) shall begiven to people living near such blasting sites.LocationsConstruction activity shall not be carried out at nightCamps shall be 1000m away from settlementSignage, speed barriers to be provided at sensitive areas likeschools, hospitals.Improved geometry will help in reduction of noise.4 Landslide 1.8 lakh m 3 of hard and soft rock cutting isinvolved for 150 to 200mm lateral depth on thehill side of roadCut( Depth Fill ( HeightChainage (km) m^3) (m) m^3) (m)69+200 80+000 75377.87 0.9 12169.28 0.180+000 88+025 24772.66 0.4 8915.085 0.188+025 99+800 92427.97 1.0 14973.91 0.299+800 108+394 45095.36 0.7 40892.65 0.6108+394 117+950 36912.22 0.5 53039.88 0.7117+950 127+879 32476.63 0.4 45332.72 0.6127+879 137+000 31863.01 0.4 66213.59 0.9137+000 149+229 45194.72 0.5 117393.4 1.2149+229 160+000 38880.92 0.5 74985.08 0.9160+000 165+000 9835.696 0.2 59686.29 1.5165+000 171+455 20233.39 0.4 61971.15 1.2Retaining wall of 20.49 km has been proposedalong with extension of 5m height wall for 4.63 km.Gabion wall of 2 m height for 2.98 km and that atslope protection work for 385m length have beenproposed. Slope protection work has beenproposed for a length of 3.06 km. (Cross sectionsfor slope protection in Annexure 4.2, 4.3 )Cut material shall be used in filling on road side orin rehabilitation of borrow areasLandslide prone zones asidentifiedAreas involving hill sidecutting5 Soil Contamination of Soil and ground Vehicle/ machinery and equipment operation, maintenance At identified locationsDraft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 19

Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation MeasuresSl.noEnvironmentalConcernswater from fuel and lubricantsCompaction of Soil (Moderate tolight compaction may lead toreduced water loss and help inplant growth. Heavy compactionthat may happen due to stationedand moving machineries mayimpede root growth and intake ofwater and nutrient)Soil ErosionMitigation Measuresand refueling will be carried out in such a fashion thatspillage of fuels and lubricants does not contaminate theground.Soak pits along with oil and grease traps will be providedaround fuel storage areas.In all fuel storage and refueling areas, if located onagricultural land or areas supporting vegetation, the topsoilshall be stripped, stockpiled and returned after cessation ofsuch storage and refueling activities.Haulage route creation shall be kept to minimumLocationsnear construction siteHaulage route locationsTurfing on embankments and slopes for 52.59 HaSlope protection measures will be taken as per IRC:56-19746 Vegetation/ flora- Micro climatic changes i.e. Increasein temperature- Slope instabilityThrough proper re-alignment to minimize cutting of trees.Compensatory afforestation @1:2 in terms of land in theforest area and 1:1 in non- forest area.Comparatively more inthe reserve forest andhilly stretch- conversion into paved surfaceTurfing of slope for 52.59 Ha- No endangered species7 Wild life/FaunaNo wildlife corridor identifiedNo Scheduled speciesLoss or injury to wild animals by speeding traffic istherefore a remote possibility.8 Cultural/communit 318 structures may get affected Compensation and assistance as per NHAI Act 1956(Resettlement Action Plan has been drawn in line withAlong built up areasDraft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 20

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) to Meghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in theState of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Sl.noEnvironmentalConcernsystructures(299 private)Out of 318 , 205 are woodenstructure, 50 are semi pucca, 5pucca, 12 thatched and 1 kutchastructureAffect livelihood of peopleMitigation Measuresrelevant policies and view of affected people) or as decidedby the competent authority.No structure getting affected shall go un noticed form gettingcompensationBy realignment to avoid impact on the shrines and religiousstructures.LocationsLoss of residenceImpact on water extractingstructures (hand pump/ tap)Plans will be proposed for enhancement of temples and otherreligious structures.Water extracting structures like hand pump and taps shall berelocated in consultation with local people9 RoadSafetyMay lead to accidents duringconstruction and operationDesign improvement at curvesSegregation of slow traffic in congested areas by providingservice roadsAt all construction fronts,congested locations andat curves/hairpin bendsProvision of proper signage proper lighting arrangement toavoid accidents.Traffic management plans will be prepared for congestedplace.IRC:SP:55-2001 shall be followed for Safety in constructionzoneIRC:67-2010 for road signs and other relevant IRC guidelinesshall be followed4.8 ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT MEASURESThe following enhancement measures are planned in this stage of the study for the project: Slope improvement by applying the retaining wall.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 21

Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation MeasuresEnhancement of water bodies to be impacted/relocatedManagement of existing problems (unstable hill slopes);Improvement/preservation of the natural resources for the local population and,Appropriate enhancement/ landscaping plan will be proposed for the natural environment, water bodies, rest areas, junctions, bus stops, serviceroads and medians.4.9 COSTS AND BUDGETThe estimate shows that the approximate cost of the Environmental protection measures to reduce the adverse impacts and to enhance the existingenvironment budget is 228 lakhs as per given in Table 4.2:Table 4.2: Environmental BudgetS. No Description Unit Rate (Rs) Amount (Rs)MITIGATION COST12Compensatory Afforestation @ 1:3 in lieu of3450 trees cutOil interceptors at car washing stationsalong the road10350 500.00 9814500.0020 10000.00 200000.003 Management and Closure of dumping sites LS 4000000.004 Silt Fencing 200 20000.00 4000000.00Mitigation Cost (A) 13375000.00MONITORING COST12Air Quality Monitoring, Thrice a year at 5locations for 5 years (3 years constructionperiod and 2 year operation period)Water Quality Monitoring, Thrice a year at 5locations for 5 years(3 years constructionperiod and 2 year operation period)75 5000.00 375000.0075 5000.00 375000.00Draft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 22

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) to Meghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in theState of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)S. No Description Unit Rate (Rs) Amount (Rs)34Noise Monitoring, Thrice a year at 5locations for 5 years (3 years constructionperiod and 2 year operation period)Soil Analysis, Twice a year at 5 locationsfor 5 years (3 years construction period and2 year operation period)75 3000.00 225000.0050 3000.00 150000.00Monitoring Cost (B) 1125000.00ENHANCEMENT COST1 Development of schools LS 5000000.002 Development of Water falls LS 2000000.003 Environmental Training LS 150000.004 Environmental awareness LS 100000.00Enhancement Cost ( C ) 7250000.00ENVIRONMENTAL COSTMitigation Cost (A) 13375000.00Monitoring Cost (B) 1125000.00Enhancement Cost (C) 7250000.00Sub Total 21750000Contingency @5% 1087500TOTAL ENVIRONMENTAL COSTRupees Two Hundred and twenty eight Lakhs Only• • •22837500228 LakhsDraft Environmental Impact Assessment4 - 23

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)5.1 GENERAL5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVESIn the present road development study existing road/routes have beenconsidered for the improvement as well as for EIA study. The analysis ofalternatives has been carried out „with project‟ and „without project‟ scenarios interms of potential environmental impacts.5.2 “WITH” AND “WITHOUT” PROJECT SCENARIOThe existing NH- 44 is strategically placed and is meant not only for thedevelopment of surrounding area but also for the smooth movement of traffic andlinking it with other parts of the country. Keeping in view, the site conditions andthe scope of development of the area, the „With‟ and „Without‟ project scenarioshave been compared as shown in Table 5.1 .By looking at the table it can beconcluded that “With” project scenario, with positive/beneficial impacts will greatlyenhance social & economic development of the region and improve theenvironment, when compared to the “Without” project scenario, which will furtherdeteriorate the existing environment and quality of life. Hence the “With” projectscenario with some reversible impacts is an acceptable option rather than the“Without” project scenario. The implementation of the project therefore willdefinitely be advantageous to improve the environmental quality of the sub-regionbesides to achieve an all round development of the economy and progress of theregion.Impacts on forests are expected during construction. Little increase in thepollution levels of the air is possible. Dust and particulate matter duringconstruction will affect the air quality on a short-term basis. However, animportant benefit which is not represented in this assessment will be majorreduction in the SPM levels from vehicles using a surfaced road (with projectscenario) in the built condition, compared to a continued use of dusty unsurfaced/tracks (without project scenarios).It will provide for mitigation not only for air, noise, vegetative cover; wildlife andsoil erosion but will also provide for enhancement of existing water bodies,archaeological sites etc. Other appropriate mitigation measures such as roadsideplantation, arboriculture & landscaping, compensatory afforestation will alsomitigate the negative impact on environment.5.3 EVALUATION OF IMPACTS “WITH” AND “WITHOUT” PROJECTThe Environmental Impact Evaluation process involves four basic steps viz-Identification,Interpretation,Evaluation andCommunicationA number of techniques are available for the assessment of impacts. Each ofthese techniques has its advantage and disadvantage. The selection of any or allof these techniques for any particular project depends largely upon the choice ofthe analyst. The technique chosen should be comprehensive, easy tounderstand, systematic, and flexible. Considering these criteria, for this project,the matrix method is to be considered for evaluation of impact and assessment.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment5 - 1

Analysis of AlternativeTable 5.1 : Comparison of “With’ and “Without” Project ScenarioWith ProjectWithout ProjectImpactsImpacts+ve -ve +ve -veWith the improvement of road surface, the traffic Minor changes in land use Nil Increase in travel timecongestion due to obstructed movement of vehicles will pattern Increase in fuel consumptionsbe minimized and thus wastage of fuel emissions from Loss to properties and livelihood Increase in dust pollution & vehicularthe vehicles will be reduced. Reduction in air pollution Removal of vegetative coveremissionEnhancement/Protection of Community Resource i.e along the road Increase in accident ratewater bodies Increase in air pollution due to Overall economy of the State will beEnhancement/Protection of Community property e.g. vehicular trafficaffected.Places of worship & meeting Short term increase in dust due Further deterioration of the project roadImprovement in ecology by providing with compensatory to earth work during construction Increased vehicle operation costafforestationat micro-level Reduced employment/ economicFlourish in trade and commerce. Increase in noise pollution due toopportunitiesProviding better level of service in terms of improved construction traffic during Arrest of possible significant enhancementriding quality and smooth traffic flow.construction workand economic development of the regionReduction in accident rate Disturbance to forest cover/ Land degradation, dust pollution andReduced transportation costsplantationdamage to agricultural land, contaminationIncreased access to marketsin water bodies due to vehicles travelingAccess to new employment centersalong multiple tracks on the open groundEmployment to local workers during the execution of the In absence of the project, it is extremelyprojectdifficult to generate funds for such aBetter access to health care centres and other socialmassive improvement of the roadservicesinfrastructure from its own resourcesImproved quality of life Tourism of the area will suffer whichStrengthening of local economies and local industries.otherwise have important natural ecologicalFlourish in tourism and development of areas likesites.Thadlaskein Lake at Mukla, Syndai Caves, Sacred groveknown as Khloo Lyngdoh at Ialong, Nartiang Temple inMyntang.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment5 - 2

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Matrix MethodThe matrix to be used for Evaluation of Impacts consists of project activities andenvironmental component, which will be affected due to that activity. Each activityhas been connected by primary, secondary and tertiary impacts. After that eachenvironmental component has been assigned a weightages on the basis ofbaseline data and prevailing or existing conditions and professional judgment.Impact value ranges from 0 to 5 with positive and negative values due to variousactivities of project. Score for each environmental component has been assignedand lastly the total score has been determined.Matrix method has been used for impact assessment on a scale of 1 to 1000.Each component of the Environment was assigned a weightage in the light of thebase line data and prevailing situation in the stretch.The criteria for assessment are as follow with type of impact and valuescorresponding:Severity CriteriaNo impact 0No appreciable impact 1Significant impact (Short term) 2Major impact 3High impact (reversible/long-term) 4Permanent impact 5Total impact score for eachEnvironmental parameterImpact ScoreTotal Score = Total impact score for each parameter= (Weightage value of each componentx Importance value)Delphi is the process of refining the opinions of a group of people, who arerepresentative of various disciplines/ background and / or different points of view.Delphi process is synthesis of professional judgment and interactive way ofdetermining the impact of project corridor. Each person responds individually i.e.not in the presence of groups. Instead of group discussion, there are successiveround of questions to be answered.+ Ve Then accept the project0 – 1000 No appreciable impact1000 – 20002000 – 30003000 – 4000Appreciable but reversible impact- control measures areneededSignificant impacts, mostly reversible factor – mitigationmeasures are crucialMajor impact, most irreversible, site selection is to beconsidered> 4000 Permanent irreversible impact, look for alternate project.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment5 - 3

Analysis of AlternativeImpact scoreOn the basis of the existing data and the assessment / evaluation and analysis ofthe potential impacts, total impact has been calculated by matrix method. Theimpacts matrix has been supplied as Table 5.2 and 5.3. It is found that the totalimpact score for this section without projects of the negative i.e. – 1820, whichshows that the section falls in the category of “appreciable but reversible impactcontrolmeasures are needed”. On the basis of nature and type of impactsappropriate mitigation/enhancement measures has been suggested and will beimplemented during construction/operation phase. The impact score with thesemitigation measures becomes positive i.e. + 1685, it means the proposed projectwill be environmentally beneficial.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment5 - 4

Importance Value/Weightage ValueAcquisition ofLandSite clearingand levelingEarthwork andexcavationStonequarrying/crushingoperationsMovement ofvehicles forconstructionmaterialProcessing ofconstructionmaterialConstructionoperationRoadconstructionacross thewater bodiesRoad inOperationTotal ImpactscoreRehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) to Meghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in theState of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Table 5.2 Impact assessment matrix for project without control measuresActivitiesEnvironmental Componentsa) Ecology 300i) Natural vegetation 200 -2 -1 -1 -800iii) Aquatic ecosystem 50 -1 -1 -1 -2 -250iii) Fauna 50 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -250b) Environmental Pollution 300· Water 75i) Surface water quality 50 -1 -1 -1 -2 -250ii) Ground water quality 25 -1 -25· Air 40 -1 -1 -2 -2 -2 -1 -360· Noise 40 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -280Land Value 145Soil Erosion 40 -1 -1 -80Slope Stability 40 -1 -40Land Slides 40 -1 -40Land Use Pattern 25 -1 -1 -1 -75Draft Environmental Impact Assessment5 - 5

Importance Value/Weightage ValueAcquisition ofLandSite clearingand levelingEarthwork andexcavationStonequarrying/crushingoperationsMovement ofvehicles forconstructionmaterialProcessing ofconstructionmaterialConstructionoperationRoadconstructionacross thewater bodiesRoad inOperationTotal ImpactscoreAnalysis of AlternativeActivitiesEnvironmental Componentsc) Aesthesics 200i) Diversity of vegetation 40 -1 -1 -80iii) Visual quality of water 35 -1 -1 -70iv) Sound 50 -2 -1 -1 -200iii)Historical and culturalresources35 -1 -1 -70iv) Debris Disposal 40 -1 -1 -80d) Human Interest 200i) Economy and income level 50 +4 +200ii) Employment 50 +2 +2 +2 +1 +1 +2 +1 +4 +750iii) Human Health 20 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 +2 -100iv) Quality of life 40 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 +2 -200v) Trade and Commerce 40 +1 +2 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +4 +480-1820Weightage to different environmental indicators given on the basis of Delphi technique i.e. professional judgments based on existing conditionDraft Environmental Impact Assessment5 - 6

Importance Value/Weightage ValueAcquisition ofLandSite clearing andlevelingEarthwork andexcavationStone quarrying/crushingoperationsMovement ofvehicles forconstructionmaterialProcessing ofconstructionmaterialConstructionoperationsRoadconstructionacross the waterbodiesRoad inOperationTotal ImpactscoreAnalysis of AlternativeActivitiesEnvironment Componentsi) Diversity of vegetation 25 +1 25iii) Visual quality of water 25 +1 +1 +1 100iv) Sound 25 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 175iii)Historical and culturalresources25 +1 +1iv) Debris Disposal 50 -1 -50v) Topographical character 50 -1 -1 -100d) Human Interest 240i) Economy and income level 45 +2 +2 +1 +2 +4 495ii) Employment 45 +2 +2 +1 +1 +2 +4 540iii) Human Health 25 +1 -1 0iv) Quality of life 25 -1 -25v) Trade and Commerce 100 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +4 1000Impact Score =+1685• • •Draft Environmental Impact Assessment5 - 8

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMMME6.1 MONITORING PROGRAM OBJECTIVESMonitoring program has the underlying objective to ensure that the intendedenvironmental mitigations are realized and these results in desired benefits to thetarget population causing minimal deterioration to the environmental parameters.Such program targets proper implementation of the EMP. The broad objectivesare:To evaluate the performance of mitigation measures proposed in the EMP.To evaluate the adequacy of Environmental Assessment.To suggest ongoing improvements in management plan based on themonitoring and to devise fresh monitoring on the basis of the improved EMPTo enhance environmental quality through proper implementation ofsuggested mitigation measures.To meet the requirements of the existing environmental regulatory frameworkand community obligations.Performance IndicatorsThe significant physical, biological and social components affecting theenvironment at critical locations serve as wider/overall Performance Indicators.However, the following specific environmental parameters can be quantitativelymeasured and compared over a period of time and are, therefore, selected asspecific Performance Indicators (PIs) for monitoring because of their regulatoryimportance and the availability of standardized procedures and relevantexpertise.Air Quality with respect to PM2.5, PM10, CO, NOx and SO2 at selectedlocation.Water Quality with reference to DO, BOD, Oil and grease, COD, SuspendedSolids and Turbidity, Alkalinity at the bridge crossing points onriver/backwaters at selected points.Noise levels at sensitive receptors (schools, hospitals, community/religiousplaces).Survival rates of trees planted as compensatory plantation to compensate forlost forestlands and compensatory plantation raised for removal of roadsidetrees.Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) MonitoringAmbient air quality recommended for monitoring road development projects arePM 2.5 , PM 10 , Carbon Monoxide (CO), Oxides of Nitrogen (NO x ) and SulphurDioxide (SO 2 ). These are to be monitored, right from the commencement ofconstruction activity at selected locations of plants and machinery, crushers onsites, excavation works etc. Data should be generated once in a seasonexcluding monsoon at the monitoring locations in accordance with the NationalAmbient Air Quality Standards formulated by MoEF in November 2009(Annexure 3.6).Draft Environmental Impact Assessment6 - 1

Environmental Monitoring ProgrammeWater Quality MonitoringThe physical and chemical parameters recommended for analysis of waterquality relevant to road development projects are p H , total solids, total dissolvedsolids, total suspended solids, oil and grease, COD, Chloride, Lead, Zinc andCadmium. The location, duration and the pollution parameters to be monitoredand the responsible institutional arrangements are given in the EnvironmentalMonitoring Plan. The monitoring of the water quality is to be carried out atlocations identified along the project road during construction and operationphase. The Indian Standard Specifications – IS10500: 1991is given inAnnexure 3.5.Noise Level MonitoringThe measurements for monitoring noise levels would be carried out at sensitivereceptors and construction sites along the project roads. The Ambient NoiseStandards formulated by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in 1989 or thestandards by State Pollution Control Board of Meghalaya if such standards arestricter than those of the CPCB are to be complied. The CPCB standards aregiven in Annexure 3.7 Sound pressure levels would be monitored on twenty-fourhour basis. Noise should be recorded at “A” weighted frequency using a “slowtime response mode” of the measuring instrument. The details are given inTable 6.1.Success of Re-vegetationThe project involves widening and up-gradation hence these will require felling oftrees. Such lost vegetation will be required to be replaced by compensatoryplantation. As per policy of the NHAI 3 trees have to be planted for each treeremoved. These compensatory plantations will have to be monitored by theimplementing agency with the help of the Forest Department. Such monitoringwill be conducted through random samples. Such sampling should cover at least5% of the area planted up.Monitoring PlanThe monitoring plan covering various performance indicators, frequency andinstitutional arrangements of the project in the construction and operation stages,along with the estimated cost, is summarized in Table 6.1.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment6 - 2

Operation stageAirConstruction stageEnvironmentcomponentProject StageParametersStandardsLocationFrequencyDurationAction planin casecriteriaexceedsImplementationSupervisionRehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) to Meghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in theState of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Table 6.1: Environment Monitoring PlanREGULAR MONITORING PARAMETERSInstitutional ResponsibilitiesPM 2.5 PM 10 ,SO2, NOx,CO, HCAnnexure-3.6 Wherever thecontractordecides tolocate the Hotmix plantOnce in aseasonexcluding themonsoon for 3yearsContinuous 24hours/ or for 1full workingdayCheck andmodify controldevices likebag filter/cyclones of hotmix plant.ContractorthroughapprovedmonitoringagencySC, NHAIPM 2.5 PM 10 ,SO2, NOx,CO, HCAnnexure-3.6 Along theproject road atdifferent zoneas suggestedby SC forregularmonitoringOnce in aseasonexcluding themonsoon for 3yearsContinuous 24hours/ or for 1full workingdayCheck andmodify controldevices likebagfilter/cyclonesof hot mixplant.ContractorthroughapprovedmonitoringagencySC, NHAIPM 2.5 PM 10 ,SO2, NOx,CO, HCAnnexure-3.6 Along theproject road atdifferent zoneas suggestedby SC forregularmonitoringThrice in ayear (winter,summer andpost monsoonseasons) for 2yearsContinuous 24hours/ or for 1full workingday- ContractorthroughapprovedmonitoringagencySC, NHAIDraft Environmental Impact Assessment6 - 3

Surface Water QualityConstruction stageEnvironmentcomponentProject StageParametersStandardsLocationFrequencyDurationAction planin casecriteriaexceedsImplementationSupervisionEnvironmental Monitoring ProgrammeREGULAR MONITORING PARAMETERSInstitutional ResponsibilitiespH,temperature,DO, Oil &Grease EC,TSS, TotalHardness,SuspendedSolids,turbidity, BOD,COD,Phosphate,Sulphate,Nitrate, Fecalcoliform, TotalColiform,SalinitySurface Waterqualitystandards byCPCB(Annexure-3.5)At identifiedlocationsOnce in aseasonexcluding themonsoon for 3yearsGrab SampleCheck andmodify petrolinterceptors,Silt fencingdevices.ContractorthroughapprovedmonitoringagencySC, NHAIDraft Environmental Impact Assessment6 - 4

Ground Water QualityConstruction stageOperation stageEnvironmentcomponentProject StageParametersStandardsLocationFrequencyDurationAction planin casecriteriaexceedsImplementationSupervisionRehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) to Meghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in theState of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)REGULAR MONITORING PARAMETERSInstitutional ResponsibilitiespH,temperature,DO, Oil &Grease EC,TSS, TotalHardness,SuspendedSolids,turbidity, BOD,COD,Phosphate,Sulphate,Nitrate, Fecalcoliform, TotalColiform,SalinitySurface Waterquality stand.by CPCB(Annexure-3.5)At identifiedlocationsOnce in aseasonexcluding themonsoon for 2yearsGrab SampleCheck andmodify petrolinterceptors,Silt fencingdevices.ContractorthroughapprovedmonitoringagencySC, NHAIPH,Temperature,TSS, TotalHardness,SuspendedSolids,Phosphate,Sulphate,Nitrate,SalinityGround Waterqualitystandards byCPCBAt identifiedlocationsOnce in aseasonexcluding themonsoon for 3yearsGrab SampleCheck andmodify petrolinterceptors,Silt fencingdevices.ContractorthroughapprovedmonitoringagencySC, NHAIDraft Environmental Impact Assessment6 - 5

Noise levelsConstruction stageOperation stageEnvironmentcomponentProject StageParametersStandardsLocationFrequencyDurationAction planin casecriteriaexceedsImplementationSupervisionEnvironmental Monitoring ProgrammeREGULAR MONITORING PARAMETERSInstitutional ResponsibilitiespH,Temperature,TSS, TotalHardness,SuspendedSolids,Phosphate,Sulphate,Nitrate,SalinityGround Waterqualitystandards byCPCBAt identifiedlocationsOnce in aseasonexcluding themonsoon for 2yearsGrab SampleCheck andmodify petrolinterceptors,Silt fencingdevices.ContractorthroughapprovedmonitoringagencySC, NHAILeq dB(A)(Day & Night),Average andPeak valuesNoisestandards byCPCBAt equipmentyards andlocations asidentified bySCOnce in aseasonexcluding themonsoon for 3yearsReadings tobe taken at 60secondsinterval forevery hourand then Leqare to beobtained forDay time andNight timeCheck andmodifyequipment anddevices usedto protectnoise level.ContractorthroughapprovedmonitoringagencySC, NHAIDraft Environmental Impact Assessment6 - 6

SoilConstruction stageEnvironmentcomponentProject StageParametersStandardsLocationFrequencyDurationAction planin casecriteriaexceedsImplementationSupervisionRehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) to Meghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in theState of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)REGULAR MONITORING PARAMETERSInstitutional ResponsibilitiesOperationstageLeq dB(A)(Day & Night),Average andPeak valuesNoisestandards byCPCBPhysical CPCBParameters:Texture, GrainSizeDistribution,Gravel, Sand,Silt, Clay;ChemicalParameters:pH (10%w/vslurry),Conductivity,Calcium,Magnesium,Sodium,Potassium,Locations asidentified bySCNearconstructionsites andalong the roadas identifiedby the SCOnce in aseasonexcluding themonsoon for 2yearsOnce in aseasonexcluding themonsoon for 3yearsReadings tobe taken at 60secondsinterval forevery hourand then Leqare to beobtained forDay time andNight time- NHAI throughapprovedmonitoringagency- - Contractorthrough anapprovedmonitoringagencySC, NHAISC, NHAIDraft Environmental Impact Assessment6 - 7

Operation StageEnvironmentcomponentProject StageParametersStandardsLocationFrequencyDurationAction planin casecriteriaexceedsImplementationSupervisionEnvironmental Monitoring ProgrammeREGULAR MONITORING PARAMETERSInstitutional ResponsibilitiesSodiumAbsorptionRatio, TotalNitrogen,Phosphorous,Organic matterPhysicalParameters:Texture, GrainSizeDistribution,Gravel, Sand,Silt, Clay;ChemicalParameters: pH(10%w/v slurry),Conductivity,Calcium,Magnesium,Sodium,Potassium,SodiumAbsorptionRatio, TotalNitrogen,Phosphorous,Organic matterCPCBAlong the roadas identifiedby the SCOnce in aseasonexcluding themonsoon for 2years- -Draft Environmental Impact Assessment6 - 8

Construction Sites andConstruction CampsConstruction StageOperation stageSoil ErosionConstruction stageEnvironmentcomponentProject StageParametersStandardsLocationFrequencyDurationAction planin casecriteriaexceedsImplementationSupervisionRehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) to Meghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in theState of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)REGULAR MONITORING PARAMETERSInstitutional ResponsibilitiesTurbidity inStorm waterSilt load inpondsAs specifiedby theengineerWater qualitystandardsAt the drains,ponds andrivers nearconstructionsitePre-monsoonand postmonsoonseasons for 3yearsInspection andmodification ofsilt fencing/any leakage ofdrains to thesesurface waterbodiesContractorunder adviceof SCNHAITurbidity inStorm waterSilt load inpondsAs specifiedby theengineer /Water qualitystandardsAt major waterbodiesidentified bythe NHAI.Every yearbefore onsetof monsoonCheck drains,culverts and itsmodificationContractorunder adviceof SCNHAIMonitoring of:1. StorageArea2. DrainageArrangements3. Sanitation inConstructionCampsTo thesatisfaction ofthe PIU andthe standardsgiven in thereporting form.At Storagearea andconstructioncampsQuarterly intheconstructionstage.Checksanitation/drainage andstandards ofcamp sitesand bring uptolevel ofsatisfaction ofPIUContractorunder adviceof SCNHAIDraft Environmental Impact Assessment6 - 9

Environmental Monitoring Programme6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTING SYSTEMMonitoring and Evaluation are critical activities in implementation of all projects.Monitoring involves periodic checking to ascertain whether activities are goingaccording to the plans. It provides the necessary feedback for projectmanagement to keep the program on schedule. By contrast evaluation isessentially a summing up at the end of the project to assess whether thoseactivities actually achieved as was intended.The reporting system will operate linearly with the contractor who is at the lowestrung of the implementation system reporting to the Supervision Consultant, whoin turn shall report to the NHAI. All reporting by the contractor and SupervisionConsultant shall be on a quarterly basis. The NHAI shall be responsible forpreparing targets for each of the identified EMP activities.The compliance monitoring and the progress reports on environmentalcomponents may be clubbed together and submitted to the NHAI quarterly duringthe implementation period. The operation stage monitoring reports may beannual or biennial provided the Project Environmental Completion Report showsthat the implementation was satisfactory. Otherwise, the operation stagemonitoring reports will have to be prepared as specified in the said ProjectEnvironmental Completion Report.Responsibilities for overseeing will rest with the Supervision Consultant’s staffreporting to the NHAI. Capacity to quantitatively monitor relevant ecologicalparameters would be an advantage but monitoring will primarily involve ensuringthat actions taken are in accordance with contract and specification clauses, andspecified mitigation measures as per the EMP.During the implementation period, a compliance report may include description ofthe items of EMP, which were not complied with by any of the responsibleagencies. It would also report to the management about actions taken to enforcecompliance. It may however, be noted that certain items of the EMP might not bepossibly complied with for a variety of reasons. The intention of the compliancereport is not to suppress these issues but to bring out the circumstances andreasons for which compliance was not possible (such as jurisdictional issues).This would help in reinforcing the implementation of the EMP.Photographic records will also be established to provide useful environmentalmonitoring tools. A full record will be kept as part of normal contract monitoring.Reporting and Monitoring Systems for various stages of construction and relatedactivities have been proposed to ensure timely and effective implementation ofthe EMP.The reporting system has been prepared for each of the stage of roadconstruction namely:Pre construction stageConstruction StageOperation StageThis reporting shall be done through:Reporting by the Contractor to the SCReporting by SC to NHAIThe stage-wise reporting system is detailed out in the following Table 6.2.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment6 - 10

Format No.ItemImplementationand Reportingto SCSupervisionReporting toNHAIOversee/ FieldComplianceMonitoringReport to GMEnvironmentRehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Table 6.2: Stage-Wise Reporting System of NHAIContractorSupervisionConsultant (SC)Project Implementation(PIU)C1Monitoring ofconstructionsite andconstructioncampBefore startof workQuarterlyQuarterlyC2Target sheetfor PollutionMonitoringAsrequiredAfterMonitoringAfterMonitoringC3Target sheetfor roadsideplantationMonthly Quarterly Quarterly Half yearlyC4Target sheetfor monitoringof cleaningwater bodiesMonthly Monthly Quarterly Half yearlyO1Target sheetfor PollutionMonitoringAs permonitoringplanAftermonitoringO2Target sheetfor survivalreporting ofroadsideplantationQuarterlyAftermonitoringO3Target sheetfor monitoringof cleaningwater bodiesQuarterlyAftermonitoring6.3 MONITORING PLANAn Environmental monitoring budget of Rs.1125000.00 (Rupees Eleven lakhtwenty five Thousand only). has been allocated for construction as well asoperation phase. This amount has also been included in the EnvironmentalBudget in Chapter 9.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment6 - 11

Environmental Monitoring ProgrammeTable 6.3: Environmental Monitoring Budget (Construction and Operation Phase)EnvironmentalComponentProject StageMonitoringParameters Location (ch.) Frequency StandardsApproximate CostRs.Institutional ResponsibilityImplementationSupervisionAirConstructionStageOperationStageSPM, RSPM,SO 2 , NOx, COSPM, RSPM,SO 2 , NOx, CO1.Hot mix plantconcrete mixingplant constructionsite (1 location)2. Other Fourlocations at majorsettlementsAt major settlementand other projectspecific area24 hourscontinuous,once everyseason for 3years24 hourscontinuous,once everyseason for 3yearsAir qualitystandards byCPCBAir qualitystandards byCPCB5x5000x3x3=225,000 Contractor SC, PIU, NHAIthrough approvedmonitoring agency5x5000x2x3=150000 Contractor NHAIthrough approvedmonitoring agencyWater QualityNoise LevelsConstructionStageOperationStageConstructionStageOperationStagePH, BOD, COD,TDS, TSS, Oil&Grease,PH, BOD, COD,TDS, TSS, Oil&Grease,Equivalentnoise levelsEquivalentnoise levelsAt ConstructionCamp, labour campand other surfaceand groundwaterAt streams andriversAt major settlementand other projectspecific areaAt major settlementand other projectspecific areaOne sampleat one placeOne sampleat one place24 hourscontinuous,once everyseason for 3years24 hourscontinuous,once everyseason for 3yearsWater QualityStandards byCPCBWater QualityStandards byCPCBNoisestandards byCPCBNoisestandards byCPCB5x5000x3x3=225,000 Contractor SC,PIU, NHAIthrough approvedmonitoring agency5x5000x2x3=150000 Contractorthrough approvedmonitoring agency5x3000x3x3= 135000 Contractorthrough approvedmonitoring agencyNHAI5x3000x2x3= 90,000 Contractor NHAIthrough approvedmonitoring agencySC, PIU, NHAIDraft Environmental Impact Assessment6 - 12

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) to Meghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in theState of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)EnvironmentalComponentProject StageMonitoringParameters Location (ch.) Frequency StandardsApproximate CostRs.Institutional ResponsibilityImplementationSupervisionSoilConstructionStagePh, TDS, SAR,N, P, K oil andgreasesAt agricultures landsand other projectspecific locationsOne sampleat one placeSoil StandardICAR5x3000x2x3 =90000Contractor SC, PIU, NHAIthrough approvedmonitoring agencyOperationStagePh, TDS, SAR,N, P, K oil andgreasesAt agricultures landsand other projectspecific locationsOne sampleat one placeSoil StandardICAR5x3000x2x2 =60000Contractor SC, PIU, NHAIthrough approvedmonitoring agencyEnvironmentAwarenessConstructionStageAt major villages tobe carried out by areputed NGO.For threeyearAs per coursecontent andcalendarapproved byNHAI2,00,000 NGO (YMA) NHAIFloraOperationStageAt least 75%survival rate oftreesEntire stretchFor threeyears afterplantation- 10350x500=5175000 NHAI, ForestryDepartmentNHAI,Environmentand ForestDepartment(GOM)Mobilisation during construction and operation Stages 10,000 x 2 = 20,000Total Monitoring cost 1125000• • •Draft Environmental Impact Assessment6 - 13

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES7.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION7.1.1 INTRODUCTIONPublic participation and community consultation has been taken up as an integralpart of social and environmental assessment process of the Project. Publicparticipation has been viewed as a continuous two way process, involvingpromotion of public understanding of the processes and mechanisms throughwhich developmental problems and needs are investigated and solved.Consultation was used as a tool to inform and educate stakeholders about theproposed action both before and after the development decisions were made. Itassisted in identification of the problems associated with the project as well asthe needs of the population likely to be impacted. This participatory processenabled the participation of the local people in the decision making process. Theinvolvement of the various stakeholders ensured that the affected population andother stakeholders are informed, consulted and allowed to participate at variousstages of project preparation.Public consultation has been carried out in this Project with the objectives ofminimising probable adverse impacts of the project through alternate designsolutions (alignment and cross-sectional) and to achieve speedy implementationof the project through bringing awareness amongst the community on thebenefits of the project. The public consultation has been taken up as an integralpart of social and environmental assessment process for this project.To ensure the peoples’ participation in the planning phase of this project andtreating public consultation and participation as a continuous process, numerousevents were attempted at this stage of project preparation. Aiming at promotion ofpublic understanding and fruitful solutions of developmental problems such aslocal needs of road users and problem and prospect of resettlement, varioussections of community people and other stakeholders were consulted throughindividual Consultations, FGDs, NGOs’ consultation, etc. The option of alternativedesign was also discussed to meet their local transport needs and to achievespeedy implementation of the project with peoples’ involvement and support.Necessary information was already gathered during the time of screening;however, additional views of the stakeholders were also collected at this PPRstage.7.1.2 OBJECTIVESCommunity consultations in the project were undertaken with objectives, whichmay be grouped into:Information sharing,Appraisal and assessment of the community needs, andDevelopment of specific design solutions and enhancement measure.These objectives are discussed below:Information SharingTo promote public awareness about the proposed project especially amongstthe potentially impacted communities/individuals.To educate the individuals/interested groups about the proposed course ofaction;Draft Environmental Impact Assessment7 - 1

Public ConsultationTo solicit the views of affected communities/individuals on environmentalcomponents and the significance of impacts;To serve as an important tool for collecting information about natural and thehuman environments, much of which would never be accessible throughmore traditional approaches of data collection;To ensure lessening of public resistance to modify the proposed activity, byinvolving them in the decision making process; andTo achieve the basis for an Environment Management Plan for the project,with the incorporation of felt needs, views and preferences of the people likelyto be impacted.Appraisal & AssessmentTo inform Project Affected Communities about the provision of EMP, and tosettle their felt need with mutual consent and to assist them during relocationof community property, if anyDeduce information from the people about the local environmental issues andtheir dependence upon them.Collect peoples’ perceptions about the project and how the negative effects ofthe project should be mitigated.Devising Specific SolutionsTo solicit the views of affected communities/individuals on environmental andsocial problems.Receive suggestions from the affected communities with regard to thepreferences and options about the project in general and avoidancemeasures, mitigation/compensation measures, and benefits being provided,in particular.To ensure lessening of public resistance to change by providing them aplatform in the decision making process.Thus, constructive participation by the affected population can influence not onlyenvironmental impact of the project corridor, but also the costs, success andduration of the main investment project itself. The possibility of active participationby affected communities, NGOs and local government staff varies by project andstage of the project. Table 7.1 highlights the roles of key participants throughoutthe project cycle.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment7 - 2

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) to Meghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in theState of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Table 7.1: Role of Key Participant in Consultation at different stages of the projectProject Stage Affected Communities NGOsIdentificationImplementationMonitoring andEvaluation Receive information on project impacts. Representation on Coordinationcommittee. Participate in Environmental surveys. Participate in consultations to conservevaluable eco-system, monuments,community resource and develop peoplefriendly environment in the road corridor. Keep records of consultations. Select enhancement site/ locations. Representation on grievance tribunal. Monitor provision of environmentalmanagement plan and other input atsite. O and M of sites and labour camps withother project input. Management of common propertyresources /heritage and archeologicalsites/ community socio- developmentfunds. Member of implementation committee. Participate in grievance tribunals. Report to project on progress ofenvironmental work. Report on service quality at sites. Design and carry out informationand suggestion: Assist in environmental survey. Participate in coordinationcommittee. Participate in consultations. Representation on grievancetribunal. Facilitate affected communitiesinter-group meetings Provide on-going information foraffected communities and hosts. Provide support in-groupmanagement. Members of implementationcommittee. Provide information to project staffon public views in environmentalimplementation work. Act as external monitors for project(where not previously involved).Representatives of local officialsof project areasAssist in environmental survey.Assist NGO in informationdissemination.Participate in and arrangeconsultations.Help to document consultations.Examine feasibility ofenhancement plan and discusswith affected communitiesProcess environmental upgradation/enhancementproposals.Participate in grievanceredressal.Provide assistance under localschemes.Membership of implementationcommittee.Ongoing interaction with affectedcommunities to identify problemsin implementation programs.Participants in correctionalstrategies.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment7 - 3

PercentagePublic Consultation7.1.3 LEVELS OF CONSULTATIONThe consultation process established for the project has employed a range offormal and informal consultative tools including in depth interviews with keyinformants, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), on-site consultation and Meetings.The enactment of the participation and consultations with the stakeholders wasdone at various levels throughout the project preparation stage.District Level ConsultationsDistrict Level consultation was carried out involving NHAI, PWD, and theconcerned state organizations such as Horticulture departments, State PollutionControl Board, Forest Division of Jowai, Chief Conservator of Forest, MeghalayaLocal/Village level ConsultationsThese consultations were held in rural, suburban and urban areas along thecorridor of impact of the project road to inform people about the purpose andpreliminary design of the project. Such consultations provided a means to get theopinion of the people and their issues of concern. Village/local levelconsultations were held at selected locations (Annexure 7.1). The consultationsessions are proposed to be continued during the implementation and monitoringstages of the project.A wide range of people including State/provincial and local officials, NGO’s,private groups, community people, Village council members and leaders wereconsulted. The main points of discussions with various agencies wereconcentrated on environmental awareness, afforestation, wild life conservationand shifting of religious structures associated with project. People’s perceptionsabout environment were also recorded. The various methods and the issuesaddressed are discussedFig. 7.1: Public Opinion on Environmenthere.Interview SurveyIn order to access the existingenvironment and likelyimpacts on PAPs, an interviewsurvey has been carried out. Alarge number of people alongthe project, who are likely tobe affected due to the present120100806040200GoodAir Quality Water Quality Noise Level DrainageConditionEnvironmental Parametersactivity, have been interviewed. A common approach is to interview arepresentative sample of affected people and ask a predefined set of questions,with a response recorded in a standard form. Precaution has been exercisedduring the survey to ensure that the sample interviewed is truly representative ofthe affected groups and the questions are worded so as not to generate a biasresponse. Fig. 7.1 shows the opinion of representative people on variousenvironmental issues, which might have an impact before, during and after theproject.The views of people on the existing environmental scenario reveals that majorityof the people were concerned about the noise pollution due to the traffic. Theresidents were of the view that noise barriers should be provided, which will alsoact as safety measures for the children and will reduce the chances of accidents.Of the total people interviewed during the survey, 50% respondents felt thatmeasures should be taken to curb noise pollution arising due to the highwaytraffic, especially after the road is widened, which will see a rise in the volume oftraffic. About 30% of the respondents were concerned about the surroundingBadDraft Environmental Impact Assessment7 - 4

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)cultural sites, which they felt should be conserved. According to majority of thepeople (more than 90 %) air and water quality of the area is generally good.Table 7.2 shows the response of the people on various environmental features.Sl.No.Table 7.2: Peoples’ Perception about Environment DegradationQuestion askedabout1. Water quality of wells,rivers & streamsDraft Environmental Impact Assessment7 - 5Response ReceivedMore than 90% of the responded that the waterquality of the area is good.2. Noise level of the area About 50% of the people were disturbed due tothe high levels of noise due to vehicular traffic3. Air quality of the area About 90% of the people felt that the air qualityis good4. Rare species ofanimals & birdsSource: Primary survey, ICT, 2005On-site ConsultationNo such species is reported in the project areaIn order to have the in-depth accessibility of the likely impacts to the affectedindividuals/groups, on - site consultation has been carried out with affectedindividuals. A representative sample of people has been consulted duringenvironmental survey. The main issues of concern are:Noise generated from the vehicular movement should be minimized.Speed of vehicles should be reduced at sensitive areas especially duringnight hours,Water bodies should be enhanced by adopting suitable enhancementmeasures,Minimum disturbance to forest areaAny loss to the properties/flora/fauna should be compensated,Protection of cultural properties,Public places along the project road should be enhanced,Minimum loss to agricultural lands,Appropriate compensation and proper rehabilitation & resettlement of thePAPsFocus Group Discussions (FGDs)Focus group discussions (FGDs) were usedas an effective tool in the public participationprocess. The FGDs were held at selectedlocations (Fig 7.2) to understand theimplication of the project impacts on variousgroups, especially those with a distinct degreeof vulnerability. Table 7.3 gives the findings offocus group discussion held at various places.Focus group discussions were held at thefollowing locations:Fig. No. 7.2: Consultation with theaffected people

Public ConsultationTable 7.3: Findings of Focus Group DiscussionParticipants Issues Raised Suggestions & Responseby project proponentGroup of local peopleincluding local shopowners and residents ofthe area attended thediscussion session.EnvironmentaldegradationTrafficcongestionHigher noiselevelRoad SafetyStringent controlmeasures has beensuggested in the EMP tominimize adverseimpacts and to enhanceenvironment,Shifting of utilities will bedone as per NHAI policy,LandAcquisitionAdequatecompensationWideningoptionsPAPs will becompensated beforecommencing the shifting/ site clearing workProper measures will betaken to compensate forthe loss of livelihood bydisplacement.Consultation with NGOsDuring implementation of the project, various NGOs working in the field ofenvironmental and social aspects will help in conservation/protection of thenatural resources as well as rehabilitation and resettlement of the PAPs.Therefore, it is necessary to identify and consult the related NGOs. For thispurpose number of local NGO’s working on various environmental as well associal aspects has been consulted. The broad areas of working of these NGOsare people’s development, environmental protection, rehabilitation & resettlementand welfare of the weaker sections. These NGOs will be helpful in solvingsensitive issues like shifting of religious and community structures.7.1.4 LIST OF OFFICIAL CONSULTEDConsultation was carried out with experts from organisations both governmentalas well as non-governmental. Table 7.4 gives the list of personnel consulted.Sl.No.Name Of Person1 Professor B. K.TiwariTable 7.4: List of officials consultedDesignationDepartment of Environmental StudiesOld Administrative Building CampusNorth East Hill University (NEHU)2 Mr. Lyngdoh Meteorologist-in-chief, Shillong, Meghalaya3 Mr.K.S.Thubru Officer of Soil Conservation Jowai, Meghalaya4 R.B.Purkayastha Chief Engineer, P.H.E, Lachaumiere, Shillong,Meghalaya5 A. Biswa Member Secretary, Meghalaya State PollutionControl Board, ARDEN, Lumpyngngad, Shillong,MeghalayaDraft Environmental Impact Assessment7 - 6

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Sl.No.Name Of Person6 Brigadier B.DSharmaDesignationDirector, Survey of India, Malki, Shillong,Meghalaya7 Chander Bhadur Coal Trader,Wapung Coal Stock, Wapung8 Mr. B.K Reddy Divisional Forest Officer, Jayantiya Hill district,Moomon, Jowai9 Mr. S. Laloo Deputy Forest Officer Jowai, District CounsilOffice, Opposite Deputy Commissionar Office,Jowai10 Mr. S.G. Momin District Statical Officer, Mynthong Locality Jowai11 Mr. H. Lakiang Range Officer, Wildlife Department Jowai Range,Jowai12 Mr. F. Wahlang Range Officer, Wildlife Department UmkiangRange, Jayantiya Hill district13 P. K. Nautial Principal Chief Conservator, SYLVAN House,Shilong, Meghalaya14 Mr. K.L Tariangis Director Soil & Water Conservation, AdditionalSecretrate, Shilong, Meghalaya15 Dr. S.C. Katiyar Scientist, State Pollution Control Board, Shilong,Meghalaya16 Mr. Biswas Incharge, Technical Section RegionalMeteorological Center, Near Airport Guwahati17 Mr. M. Mahapatra Director, Regional Meteorological Center, NearAirport, Guwhati18 Dr. S.Kalita Head, Department of Environmental Science,Guwhati University, Guwhati7.1.5 RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONSBased on the findings of the public consultation held during the projectpreparation stage following recommendation / suggestion were made toimprove/enhance the existing environment-Protection of people by regulating traffic flow, using signages etc.,Compensatory afforestation of trees which are going to be felledStringent Pollution Control Measures during construction activities which areresponsible for pollution,Enhancing community properties like water resources, religious structures,etc.By providing proper sanitation at construction/labour camp and improvingtraffic flow conditions,Safety measures for the workers at construction sites.Awareness about the environment and its management,Draft Environmental Impact Assessment7 - 7

Public Consultation7.1.5 CONTINUED CONSULTATIONS AND PARTICIPATIONIn order that the consultations continue till the implementation of the project, toredress the environmental issues likely to surface during construction andoperational phases, a constant communication needs to be established with theaffected communities and the road users. This shall be ensured by regularmonitoring of environmental concerns, at the construction stage, also invitingsuggestions/complaints through Grievance Redressal Cell (GRC) under the NHAIwith cooperation of NGOs. Meetings will be organized with the project affectedand the various stakeholders at regular intervals before and during theconstruction period.In the above context to facilitate stakeholders so that they have access to EIAand EMP, these shall be kept at several public places e.g. in the library of NHAIProject Office and Office of the district magistrate.7.2 ROAD SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMThe Primary Traffic Surveys were conducted as per IRC: 64-1990, and the resultsare analyzed as below;7.2.1 Classified Volume Count AnalysisClassified Traffic Volume Count Survey was conducted at three locations, and wasconducted in both directions for successive 15 minutes periods, 24 hours a day for 7days. It was averaged to determine Average Daily Traffic (ADT) as in Table 7.5.Table 7.5 Summary of ADT at All StationsChainage (km)MCC-1 74+000MCC-2 89+000Locationof SurveySevenMilesLadRymbaiADTPeak HourFlowsVehs PCUs Vehs PCUsPeak Hourproportionin dailyVehicleVol.Peak Hourproportion in dailyPCU Vol.4488 9205 330 647 7.4 7.05417 9573 415 729 7.7 7.6MCC-3 141+000 Sonapur 2079 5186 115 324 5.5 6.3The traffic is found to be peaking during day time from 06:00 am to 06:00 pm inthe first two locations of count, MCC-01 and MCC-02. Traffic in MCC-03 is moreuniform from 04:00 am to 11:00 pm. Moreover, the traffic is minimum in the earlyhours like 24.00 hrs to 05.00 hrs of the day for all the locations.Fig. 7.6 : Hourly Variation of ADTDraft Environmental Impact Assessment7 - 8

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)7.2.2 ORIGIN DESTINATION SURVEY ANALYSISOrigin-Destination survey was done at 3 locations along the project road. Fromthe analysis of the O-D matrices it was concluded that most of the passengertraffic (55-60%) on the project road is originating and destined from/to local zoneswithin the district of Jaintia. Whereas 25%-30% of passenger traffic is ofinterstate movement like Guwahati - Silchar, Guwahati- Mizoram , Guwahati-Tripura, Shillong- Mizoram and Shilling- Silchar. Regarding goods carryingvehicular movement, 50% of LGV vehicular movement are within Jaintia District.Around 55% of the truck movement are due to interaction between Guwahati withother nearby prominent locations like Lad Rymbai, Khlierihat, Silchar, Tripura,and Mizoram. Silchar and Tripura bound goods traffic are around 20% and 12 %respectively. Major trip generators, found based on O-D matrix analysis includeslocal areas as well as outside of the Meghalaya.7.2.3 INTERSECTION TURNING MOVEMENT COUNT SURVEYTraffic surveys were carried out at four intersections along the project road. Allthe four junctions are of three arm junctions. The peak hour traffic flows at the foursurveyed junctions, are presented in Table 7.6Name ofIntersectionKhandulli RoadJunctionTable 7.6: Peak Hour Traffic Flows at Major IntersectionsCountStationNo.Chainage(km)Peak HourTrafficinVehiclesinPCUsPeak HourProportion(As % of DailyTraffic in PCUs)TMC 1 70+000 381 749 6.8Pasia Junction TMC 2 77+000 433 868 7.6Lad Rymbai Junction TMC 3 92+500 425 906 8.0Khliehriat Junction TMC 4 96+200 459 885 9.1Draft Environmental Impact Assessment7 - 9

Public Consultation7.2.4 PEDESTRIAN COUNT SURVEYPedestrian Count Survey was done for 12 hours (8:00 AM to 8:00 PM) at three majorintersections. For each approach road of an intersection, along and across movements werecounted as per the need of the existing situation.Table 7.7: PV 2 Values at Major LocationsName of Location& Chainage (km)Passi Junction ,km 77+000Lad Rymbai Junction ,km 92+500Khliehriat Junction ,km 96+200Arm Name P V PV 2Jowai 109 170 3.15E+06Silchar 108 134 1.94E+06Hot Water Lake 57 126 9.05E+05Jowai 191 429 3.52E+07Silchar 196 425 3.54E+07Ryambai 91 98 8.74E+05Jowai 0 187 0.00E+00Silchar 25 303 2.30E+06Jaintia Cement Factory 20 184 6.77E+05As the value of PV 2 is not exceeding 10 8 at any of the approaches, there is noneed for controlled crossing or any separate pedestrian facility like foot overbridge/ underpasses at corresponding locations at present. However, the PV 2values are approaching 10 8 at few locations i.e. at Jowai arm and Silchar arm ofLad Rymbai Junction; these are recommended for controlled crossings or withpedestrian grade separations considering future demand. Also, zebra crossingsneed to be provided (by pavement marking) at all the arms of the intersections.7.2.5 Estimation of Projected TrafficThe projected daily traffic on the three homogenous sections of the project roadbased on most probable annual traffic growth rate (%) is given in Table 7.8.ProjectStatusTable 7.8: Projected Daily Traffic on Homogenous SectionsYearYearNo.HS- I(km.69+200to km.77+000)HS- II(km.77+200to km.97+000)HS- III(km. 97+000to km.173+000)PCUs Vehicles PCUs Vehicles PCUs VehiclesBase Year 2005 0 8560 4174 8903 5038 4823 1933Processingand AwardConstructionPeriod2006 1 9098 4461 9491 5405 5109 20542007 2 9676 4771 10116 5797 5415 21852008 3 10290 5102 10789 6220 5739 23242009 4 10942 5456 11501 6672 6081 24712010 5 11647 5840 12269 7163 6445 26292011 6 12435 6267 13131 7709 6858 28062012 7 13280 6727 14056 8299 7301 2997Draft Environmental Impact Assessment7 - 10

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)ProjectStatusYear ofOpeningConcessionPeriodConcessionPeriodYearYearNo.HS- I(km.69+200to km.77+000)HS- II(km.77+200to km.97+000)HS- III(km. 97+000to km.173+000)PCUs Vehicles PCUs Vehicles PCUs Vehicles2013 8 14179 7220 15050 8933 7774 32012014 9 15155 7756 16116 9618 8277 34202015 10 16183 8325 17252 10354 8809 36522016 11 17236 8913 18420 11117 9350 38892017 12 18362 9546 19674 11940 9925 41422018 13 19568 10225 21016 12823 10539 44142019 14 20846 10951 22445 13772 11192 47042020 15 22213 11732 23978 14794 11881 50112021 16 23601 12529 25534 15838 12577 53222022 17 25071 13378 27201 16959 13319 56562023 18 26644 14290 28977 18161 14104 60102024 19 28315 15264 30870 19450 14933 63862025 20 30093 16307 32891 20831 15816 67872026 21 31816 17316 34847 22167 16672 71762027 22 33645 18390 36933 23593 17573 75862028 23 35577 19531 39133 25109 18525 80212029 24 37621 20743 41474 26724 19532 84832030 25 39783 22033 43952 28446 20588 89702031 26 41920 23319 46415 30170 21621 94502032 27 44179 24681 49022 32000 22719 99612033 28 46558 26125 51772 33941 23859 104942034 29 49069 27656 54688 36004 25070 110622035 30 51723 29279 57765 38193 26338 116607.3 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLANAnnexure 7.2 may be referred for the same.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment7 - 11

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)8. PROJECT BENEFITS8.1 INTRODUCTIONHighways have varied embedded connotations, like the backbone of moderneconomy, the philosophy of life signifying the ’voyage unremitting’ from birth tilldeath, the history of mankind and its endeavor, the passion for speed and dartnon-episodically etc. Highways projects promote access to markets, materialsand opportunities by facilitating movement of persons and goods and improveearning and thereby level of living. This in turn enhances the demand fortransport. This two-way interactions works through a host of inter-sectoral forwardand backward linkages effects and dynamic externalities, tends to relocateindustries, services and labour thus help the shape the economic geography ofthe region.The ultimate aim of the developmental activities, such as NH-44 is to promotesocietal welfare of the Jowai to Assam/Meghalaya Border area of MeghalayaState. The developments of above widening project play a significant roll inchanging the socio-economic condition of the living of people of a region throughdynamic externalities that such development often generates.The benefit of proposed widening of NH –44 may also be seen from a differentangle, viz., the local benefit and the wider regional or national level benefit. Thelocal benefit is expected to be limited to the immediate neighborhood of thehighways such as Jowai, Ludrymbai, Kheleriat, Wapung, Mumdihatti Sonapur etc.The entire regional and national economy lying beyond this neighborhood shouldalso be benefit from the development such effect may be called the regional ornational level benefits. Further the benefit may be direct or indirect in nature.All these should have a bearing on the level of well being of the households,although some of them may not themselves necessarily use more of the highwayfacility created. These would in turn lead to changes in the level of well-being andhuman development, through their benefit on consumption level, educationalattainment, health status etc.8.2 TOURISM DEVELOPMENTIndia is a multi-destination country with a variety of tourist attractions andfacilities. It hosts a number of wildlife parks, bird sanctuaries, museums andhundreds of historical monuments. All in all, India has in abundance what atourist desires. The tourist places are accessed and reached, also serves thecomfort travel benefits to the people. JaintiaHills district in Meghalaya state is“Land of Green fields and Plateaus” important tourist destination in India and theproposed widening of the road will give important connection to other places ofMeghalaya State and other Northeastern states. The following are the importanttourist places falls in the project areaThadlaskein LakeMegalithic Remnants- NartiangSyntu KsiarSyndai CavesSummer Palace of Jaintia KingsDraft Environmental Impact Assessment8 - 1

Introduction8.3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTHighways Development program can contribute to economic development byencouraging the attraction of businesses to sites equipped with good access andby improving the travel efficiencies of existing businesses and to start a newavenues. They also help forNew Project sites can be easily developed.Development of industrial parks where the land cost less and accessibilitymore.Infrastructure projectsDevelopment of IT parks8.4 EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYHighway development project serves as an important employment generator andprovide employment opportunity during construction period.8.5 REDUCTIONS IN ACCIDENTS, MORBIDITY AND MORTALITYDevelopment of highway projects, especially 4/6 lanes divided carriageway NH-44 projects reduce the number of accidents through the following developments.Improved crossing and alternatives access routes by use of signage,junctions, & alternate arrangement for local traffic circulation has beenprovided.Installation of proper road safety system through signage, barricades, crashbarriers, edge posts / parapets will add to be safety of the vehicular traffic onthe stretch of the road.Sharp turns and curves of the roads have been realigned to improve publicsafety in operational stage.Reduces loss of life by avoiding head to head direct collision and also reducesdamages to vehicles etc.8.6 REDUCTIONS IN OPERATION COSTVehicle operating cost (VOC) will be reduced when a road is improved. Fuelconsumption, wear and tear of tyres, suspension will be benefited when ageometric design is improved and the road surface is made more even. Thesavings are perceived by the road user in the form of lower expenditure, VOCconsist of the following componentsFuel ConsumptionLubricating oil consumptionSpare part consumptionTyre consumptionVehicle depreciation8.7 INDIRECT BENEFITSIn addition to direct impacts, a number indirect benefit attributed to highwaysproject. Lowering transportation cost for users and improving access to goodsand services enables new and increased economic and social activity. Over timeindividuals, households and firms adjusts to take the advantage of those benefits,leading to several indirect impacts. These indirect impacts include changes inLanduse and development, changes in decision to locate houses and business inDraft Detailed Project Report, 2-Lane Option [Volume IV (Part – A): Environmental Impact Assessment]8 - 2

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)areas where houses and land are less expensive or more desirable, and changesin warehouse and delivery procedure for businesses in order to take advantageof improved speed and reliability in the transportation system. These impactsthen lead to increased property values, increased productivity, employment andeconomic growth.The indirect benefit of proposed widening would work through the dynamicdevelopmental externalities generated through the forward and backwardlinkages. The change in Landuse pattern in the areas that are greaterconnectivity due the highway, since there will be a change in the patterns ofsettlement, agricultural land use and location of industries, trading and otherservices and non-farm unorganized sector activities. All the above would reflect inthe changes in the pattern of economic activities, income generation, priceevolution, employment condition and ground rent prevailing in the region ofJaintiahills district area.A new Landuse pattern may in turn induce greater accessibility to job market,health and educational facilities etc., attract investment for development of feederroads, power distribution networks, telecommunication facilities and other modesof connectivity among other, leading to a greater access to of the local people tomarkets and infrastructure facilities.8.8 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSReductions in adverse environmental impacts of transportations – Reducedemissions, noise and other impacts are also the direct benefits of highwaysprojects. However, these benefits are difficult to quantify and value them, as aresult, they are less often included in benefit cost analysis of transportationinvestment.• • •Draft Environmental Impact Assessment8 - 3

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)9. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN9.1 INTRODUCTIONDuring the last fifty years rapid development has taken place with increase involume of road traffic. The existing roads especially the highways of MeghalayaState are not able to cope with the increased traffic and there is a need to widenthese roads. The present project road NH-44 has a very significant place, due toit occupying a very strategic position, serving the development needs ofsurrounding areas and also the smooth movement of traffic, while linkingMeghalaya with other parts of the country. No doubt, these widened roads willbring positive environmental and social impacts but during widening somenegative impacts are envisaged. The environmental impacts may be direct,indirect or cumulative, i.e., impacts on nearby communities and the naturalenvironment, impacts on peoples and properties falling in the direct path of roaddevelopment, impacts on people indirectly affected by way of disruption oflivelihood, impacts on breakages in the accustomed travel paths and communitylinkages, impacts arising from land acquisition and resettlement, impacts onindigenous people, impacts on human safety, etc. EMP is the tool, whichsuggests mitigation measures to minimize the adverse impact.9.2 PROJECT BACKGROUNDThe present project pertains to consultancy services for preparation of feasibilityand detailed project report (DPR) for the Rehabilitation and Upgrading to 2-lanewith paved shoulder carriageway configuration, of NH – 44, Jowai toAssam/Meghalaya Border section (km. 69.200 to km. 173.200), in the State ofMeghalaya under various National Highways stretches/ Corridors under (NHDPphase III) programme.9.3 SALIENT FEATURESThe project road passes entirely through the congested semi urbansettlement and rural settlement and dense jungle vegetation starting fromJowai and ending at Sonapur Village.It passes through rolling and hilly terrain.Geographically the existing road lies between latitude.The Settlements, agriculture land, valleys, mixed jungle vegetation and thehills beside the existing road give limited scope of widening. There is densemixed jungle where widening will lead to felling of a large number of treeswithin the ROW.There are about 5 churches; 1 temple and 3 graveyards are located within500 m of the existing project road.The land use pattern along the project road is characterized by highlypopulated few towns, rural settlements, agricultural and dense junglevegetation.There are some utility services like water supply, electrical lines and opticalfiber telephone cables within the ROW near the town/ village, which will needto be relocated during the widening of the highway. Summary of salientfeatures of project road are given in Table 9.1Draft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 1

Environment Management PlanTable 9.1 Summary of Salient Features of Project RoadFeatureProject Stretch1. Existing Chainage 69.2 to 168.2002. Length (Km) 104 km3. Improvement Widening4. Villages/TownsPayish,Yillarg, Wapung, Khlerihat, Lidrambai,Mynkere5. Borrow Areas 12 Borrow areas has been identified6. Rivers Lubhaa River7. Seasonal StreamsMuksa River, Motaiya River, Narpu Stream,Tamung River, Umjrung Stream, TongshengRiver8. Air Monitoring Stations Muchep Settlement9. Noise MonitoringStationsMumdihattiThangskai Village (Near Church)Umstad VillageSonapur (Land Slide Zone)WapungNear MumdihattiThangskai Village (Near Church)Umstad VillageSonapur10. Water Monitoring Station Stream (Ladrymbai)Hand Pump LHS (Khilehriat Town)Hand Pump LHS (Mumdihatti Village)Stream (Mumdihatti)Water Fall (Umstad)11. Dump Sites Identified Dumping site identification for solid wastedisposal is under processes in consultationwith the State Government, a set of criteria willbe developed for such identification. Nodumping site will be located in forest area.12. Tree to be Cut 3450Draft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 2

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)9.4 SCOPE OF WORKSThe improvement works envisaged for Jowai– Assam Meghalaya border projectroad are:Widening of the road to generally two lane with paved shoulders.Rebuilding the pavement to structurally sound designs.Construction of new bridges and culverts.Construction of retaining walls, breast walls and other slope protection works.Improvement of road geometric and junctions wherever necessary.Provision of road signs and other road furniture required for making travel onthese roads safe and comfortable.In compliance with the requirements of TOR, the consultants have undertaken adetailed environmental study as per the prescribed standards of Government ofIndia and have made suitable recommendations and prepared appropriatemitigation plans. The engineering designs of the project suitably reflect theappropriate recommendations arising out of the environmental studies.9.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN9.5.1 IntroductionThe Environmental Management Plan consists of a set of mitigation, monitoringand institutional measures to be taken up during design, construction andoperation stages of the project to prevent/reduce environmental impacts topermissible levels including actions needed to implement these measures. Thekey components are:Mitigation of potentially adverse impacts.Monitoring during project implementation and operation stages.Institutional capacity building and training.Implementation schedule and Environmental Cost Estimate.Integration of EMP with projects planning, design, construction and operation.9.5.2 Objectives of the EMPThe main objectives are to mitigate the various adverse impacts and enhancepositive impacts. The objectives at various stages of the project planning anddesign and implementation stages are as follows.Design PhaseTo minimize impact on roadside trees, forests and vegetation cover.To keep land acquisition and building demolition at a minimum.To incorporate safety of road users and roadside communities in projectdesign.To provide mitigation measures to all expected environmental degradation.To develop a design that incorporate environmental safeguards.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 3

Environment Management PlanConstruction StageTo prevent and reduce the negative environmental impacts of the project byimplemental mitigation measures to be carried out by the contractor.To ensure that the provision of the EMP are strictly followed and implementedby strengthening implementation arrangement.Operation StageTo monitor deterioration of natural environmental components of air, water,soil, noise etc.To improve the safety of road users and the roadside communities9.5.3 Meeting the EMP ObjectivesThe following commitments are important to effectively implement the EMP andachieve the above objectives.Commitment to address environmental health, safety and social impacts:To improve conditions in the areas of environmental health, safety and socialimpacts measures, developed as a part of interactive process, have beensuggested.Commitment for constant dialogue with the public and interested stakeholders:Community consultations have been carried out right from inception stage ofthe project. Continuous dialogue with local inhabitants and stakeholdersincluding public agencies has been undertaken to obtain their feedback.Consultations would continue throughout the project implementation.Commitment related to capacity building:For effective implementation of the proposed measures, sustainableinstitutional arrangements have been implemented by the PWD. To educateand train the PIU personnel, supervision consultant’s staff and thecontractors, a training schedule has been proposed as given in the EIAreport.Commitment to meet legal requirements:Mandatory legal requirements and procedures are followed includingconditions stipulated by statutory authorities such as State Forest Departmentand Pollution Control Board.9.6 CRITICAL IMPACTS TO BE ADDRESSEDThe critical environmental components that will be impacted are identified in theEIA report. The most critical issues to be addressed in EMP are described inTable 9.2.Table 9.2: Critical Environmental Issues to be AddressedCritical Environmental IssuesHigh Noise Level ExposureRemoval of vegetation cover/roadsidetree plantationLoss of agricultural lands/structuresand propertiesLocationsAt sensitive receptors in settlementsalong the road length.Along the entire road lengthIn settlement and along the roadDraft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 4

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Critical Environmental IssuesLandslide and soil erosionPedestrian and Traffic SafetyTraffic congestion due todevelopments close to the roadAir Quality at sensitive receptorsWater resources depletion and waterscarcityLocationsAt soil erosion and landslide proneareas identified along the project roadIn settlements along the project roadAt settlements and road junctionsHospitals, educational institutions,community and religious placesAt community water sources (springs,mountain streams) along the road9.7 ENVIRONMENT ISSUES AND MITIGATION MEASURESThe EMP is meant for mitigation (avoidance/reduction/management) of thenegative environmental impacts and enhancement of the positive impacts of thevarious environmental components of the project. Against each proposedmeasure in the EMP, its location, time frame, implementation andoverseeing/supervising responsibilities are listed. The measures adopted/to beadopted during different stages of the project are detailed in Table 9.3.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 5

Environment Management PlanEnvironmental IssueDesign / Pre-Construction Stage1. AlignmentD.1.1Critical sections/settlements2. LandD.2.1Hill CuttingD.2.2Quarries and BorrowAreasTable 9.3: Environmental Management Plan – NH-44 Jowai to Assam/Meghalaya BorderRemedial Measuresa. Provision of large / deeper puccaroadside drains with or without coverb. Modifying design to minimizedestruction of settlements/trees andother environmental featuresc. Road wideningd. Improvement of Intersectionsa. Provision for retaining structures forslope stability; immediate planting andgrassing, etc.a. Existing licensed quarries that arealready in operation and havingenvironmental clearance shall be usedfor road construction.b. Material from hill cutting for roadwidening will be used in place ofborrow areas.c. If a new quarry needs to be opened bythe contractor guidelines of MOEF shallbe followedReference tocontractdocumentsVolume IITechnicalSpecification ofBid DocumentVolume IITechnicalSpecification ofBid DocumentLocationThroughout theroad lengthAt severallocations involvingcutting of steep hillslopes alongproject corridor.Volume II a. Locations ofTechnical existing quarriesSpecification of given in EIABid Document report.b. Throughout theproject corridorwhere hill cuttingis involved.MitigationCostProjectpreparationcostProjectpreparationcostProjectpreparationcostInstitutional ResponsibilityImplementation SupervisionDesignConsultantDesignconsultantDesignConsultantNHAINHAINHAIDraft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 6

Consultancy Services for Feasibility Study and Detailed Project Report for Four/Six Laning ofJowai to Meghalaya/ Assam Border Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalayaunder NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Environmental Issue3. WaterD.3.1Water SourcesD.3.2Road DrainageTable 9.3: Environmental Management Plan – NH-44 Jowai to Assam/Meghalaya BorderRemedial Measuresa. Use of existing community waterresources prevented altogether.b. Care is taken to avoid water pollution ofwater bodies during bridge constructiona. Provision for pucca drainage on hillsideof road.b. Provision of adequate size and numberof cross-drainage structures (culverts)Reference tocontractdocumentsAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.Volume IITechnicalSpecification ofBid DocumentLocationa, b Refer EIA forannexure list ofriversThroughout theproject corridorMitigationCostProjectpreparationcostProjectpreparationcostInstitutional ResponsibilityImplementation SupervisionDesignConsultantDesignConsultantNHAINHAI4. Flora and FaunaD.4.1Roadside Plantationa. Trees will be removed as identified andwith prior approval of the State ForestDepartment.b. Loss of roadside trees made good bycompensatory afforestation at the rateof planting 5 trees for each tree lost.c. Loss of trees in reserve forest area willbe made good by compensatoryafforestation in accordance with ForestClearanceAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.a. Only thosetrees to beremovedwhich aremarked foractual roadimprovementb. Throughoutthe projectcorridor withinROWc. At severallocationsinvolvingcutting of treesin reserveforesta. Projectpreparationcostb. Only thosetrees to beremovedwhich aremarked foractual roadimprovement.State ForestDepartment,PIU, DesignconsultantNHAIDraft Detailed Project Report, 2-Lane Option [Volume IV (Part – A): Environmental Impact Assessment]9 - 7

Environment Management PlanEnvironmental IssueTable 9.3: Environmental Management Plan – NH-44 Jowai to Assam/Meghalaya BorderRemedial MeasuresReference tocontractdocumentsLocationMitigationCostInstitutional ResponsibilityImplementation Supervision5. Environmental QualityD.5.1Air Qualitya. Pollutant resistant (along with thegeneral forestry) tree plantationscheme proposedb. Better road conditions will improvespeeds resulting in the efficient use offuel and, thus, reduce air pollutionAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.a, b: ThroughoutProjectCorridor,especially atsensitivelocationsa. Included inReplacementplantingcostsb. ProjectpreparationcostDesignConsultant, PIU,(NHAI)NHAI,SPCB,DepartmentofEnvironment&Forests(GOM).D.5.2Noise Levela. Improved traffic speeds and ridingconditions will reduce noise levelsb. Provision of signages like “No Horn” forsensitive locationAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.a. ThroughoutProjectCorridorb. At sensitivereceptors.Projectpreparation costDesignConsultantNHAI,SPCBDepartmentofEnvironment& Forests(GOM).6. UtilitiesD.6.1Relocation of utilitylines/communityutilitiesa. Affected utilities like electric poles,water pipe lines, hand pumps, etc. willbe relocated with prior approval of theconcerned agencies.Annexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.As per thedrawingspreparedseparately forthis project.Projectpreparation costAll concernedstateGovernmentDepartments,PIUPIU, NHAIDraft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 8

Consultancy Services for Feasibility Study and Detailed Project Report for Four/Six Laning ofJowai to Meghalaya/ Assam Border Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalayaunder NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Environmental Issue7. Environmental SafetyD.7.1AccidentsCONSTRUCTION STAGE1. SoilC.1.1Soil ErosionC.1.2Borrow SoilTable 9.3: Environmental Management Plan – NH-44 Jowai to Assam/Meghalaya BorderRemedial Measuresa. Design improvements to road geometryb. Covered drains in built up areasprovide pedestrian facility.c. Impact resistant barriers/Metal crashbarriers at sharp bends and steepslope locations.d. Provision of adequate sight distance atcurves and road junctions.e. Provision of Marker post, Cat eye etcf. Provision of proper signage at sensitivereceptor locations such as schools,hospitals and at known accident spots.a. Soil Stabilization measures by bioengineeringand immediategrassing and vegetation of disturbedareas.b. Construction of Retaining walls &Breast walls in critical areasa. Material excavated from hillside forroad widening will be used for roadconstruction in fill wherever required.Operation of separate borrow areas willbe avoided as far as possible.Reference tocontractdocumentsAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.Annexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.Volume IITechnicalSpecification ofBid DocumentLocationAll along theproject roadespecially atsettlements, athairpin bends andlocations of badgeometry.a. ThroughoutProject Corridor.b.in critical areasThroughoutProject Corridor.ThroughoutProject CorridorMitigationCostProjectpreparation costEngineeringcostEngineeringcostInstitutional ResponsibilityImplementation SupervisionDesignConsultantContractor,SupervisionConsultantContractorPIU, NHAISC*, PIU,NHAISC, PIU,NHAIDraft Detailed Project Report, 2-Lane Option [Volume IV (Part – A): Environmental Impact Assessment]9 - 9

Environment Management PlanEnvironmental IssueTable 9.3: Environmental Management Plan – NH-44 Jowai to Assam/Meghalaya BorderRemedial Measuresb. Borrow areas shall be redevelopedimmediately after taking the approvedquantity from borrow areasC.1.3 Loss of Top Soil Topsoil will be stripped to specified depthand stored in a stockpile to specifiedheight. And, will be spread back at theplaces of rehabilitation or where requiredfor turfing.C.1.4Use of ExcavatedMaterial including soilC.1.5Disposal ofExcavated MaterialC.1.6Transport ofExcavated EarthSurplus material from hill cutting will beused for improving hairpin bends andenhancement measures for creating publicamenities like playing field, sites fordevelopment, etc.Surplus material still remaining from theabove will be deposited at the selectedlocations and as approved by SC/PIU.a. Where vehicles carrying excavatedearth pass through villages,transportation will be done in such away that it causes least inconvenienceand nuisance to the nearby peoples.b. The unpaved village roads used forthe haulage of excavated earth will bemaintained properly.Reference tocontractdocumentsMORTHspecificationsAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.Annexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.Annexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.LocationAt identifiedlocationsAlong the projectcorridor atidentified sites forspecific purposea, b, c.Throughout projectcorridorMitigationCostEngineeringCostEngineeringCostEngineeringCostInstitutional ResponsibilityImplementation SupervisionContractorContractorContractorSC, PIU,NHAISC, PIU,NHAISC, PIU,NHAIDraft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 10

Consultancy Services for Feasibility Study and Detailed Project Report for Four/Six Laning ofJowai to Meghalaya/ Assam Border Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalayaunder NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Environmental IssueC.1.7Compaction of SoilTable 9.3: Environmental Management Plan – NH-44 Jowai to Assam/Meghalaya BorderRemedial Measuresc. Precautionary measures like coveringof vehicles will be taken to avoidspillage and to reduce dust nuisanceduring transport of materials.Construction vehicles, machinery andvehicles will move or be stationed in thedesignated area, to avoid compaction ofsoilReference tocontractdocumentsLocationa. Throughoutproject corridorMitigationCostEngineeringcostInstitutional ResponsibilityImplementation SupervisionContractorSC,PIU, NHAIC.1.8Quarriesa. The Quarry material will be procuredonly from licensed quarries operatingunder environmental clearances,including transportation of quarrymaterial clearances under the Air Act.b. Safety precautions will be ensuredduring transportation of quarry materialfrom quarries to the construction sitesAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.b. Known quarrylocations listedin EIA report.c. ThroughoutprojectcorridorEngineeringcostContractorSC, PIU,NHAIc. Stockpiling of material will be properlyplanned so as to ensure smooth trafficflow on the highway.C.1.9Sanda. River sand will not be used. Insteadstone dust will be used.b. Stone dust will be procured fromlicensed quarries operating underenvironmental clearanceAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.a. Known quarrylocations listedin EIA reportb. Throughoutproject corridorEngineeringCostContractorSC, PIU,NHAIc. During transportation trucks will becovered to prevent dust nuisancec. Throughoutproject corridorDraft Detailed Project Report, 2-Lane Option [Volume IV (Part – A): Environmental Impact Assessment]9 - 11

Environment Management PlanTable 9.3: Environmental Management Plan – NH-44 Jowai to Assam/Meghalaya BorderEnvironmental IssueRemedial MeasuresReference tocontractdocumentsLocationMitigationCostInstitutional ResponsibilityImplementation SupervisionC.1.10Contamination of soilfrom fuel andlubricantsa. Soakage pits along with oil and greasetraps will be provided around fuelstorage areas.b. Construction vehicles and equipmentswill be maintained and refueled in such afashion that oil/diesel spillage does notcontaminate the soil.c. Fuel storage and refueling sites will bekept away from drainage channels andimportant water bodies.Annexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.ConstructioncampsEngineeringcostContractorSC, PIU,NHAI, SPCB(GOM)C.1.11Contamination of soilfrom constructionwastes and quarrymaterialsa. Cutting and filling will be carried out asper designb. Surplus earth, will be dumped atidentified locations as approved by theSC / PIU. All spoils will be disposed offas directed.c. The construction wastes (debris) will bedumped at selected locations identifiedfor the purpose and as approved by theSC/PIUd. Site will be fully cleaned before handingover and no surplus material will be leftwithin ROWAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.All constructionsites throughoutproject corridorEngineeringcostContractorSC, PIU,NHAI, SPCB2. WaterC.2.1Water BodiesImpact on surface watercourses (rivers and Volume IIstreams) would be minimized throughout by Technicalcontrol over construction works.Specification ofBid DocumentThroughout theproject corridorEngineeringcostContractorSC, PIU,NHAI, SPCB(GOM)Draft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 12

Consultancy Services for Feasibility Study and Detailed Project Report for Four/Six Laning ofJowai to Meghalaya/ Assam Border Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalayaunder NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Environmental IssueTable 9.3: Environmental Management Plan – NH-44 Jowai to Assam/Meghalaya BorderRemedial MeasuresReference tocontractdocumentsLocationMitigationCostInstitutional ResponsibilityImplementation SupervisionC.2.2Other Water Sourcesa. Community water sources shall not beused during construction period forwhich independent water source will beconstructed by the contractor.b. Any community water source lostincidentally will bereplaced/compensatedAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.Locationsidentified alongproject corridorEngineeringcostContractorSC, PIU,NHAIC.2.3Drainage and run-offAt cross drainage structures, the earth,stone or any other obstructing constructionmaterial will be removed and properlydisposed of so as not to block the flow ofwater any time.Annexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.Throughout projectcorridorEngineeringCostContractor,Supervisionconsultant,PIUSC, PIU,NHAIC.2.4Contamination ofwater fromconstruction wastea. Construction and locations of plant &machinery close to the streams andwater bodies will be avoided, especiallyduring monsoon period.b. Soak pits will be provided at constructionsite to prevent wastewater from enteringinto rivers and streams.Annexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.Throughout projectcorridorEngineeringCostContractor,SupervisionConsultantSC, PIU,NHAI, SPCB(GOM)c. All waste arising from the project will bedisposed off as per SPCB norms, so asnot to block the flow of and contaminatewater.d. Wastes must be collected, stored andtaken to approved disposal sites.Draft Detailed Project Report, 2-Lane Option [Volume IV (Part – A): Environmental Impact Assessment]9 - 13

Environment Management PlanTable 9.3: Environmental Management Plan – NH-44 Jowai to Assam/Meghalaya BorderEnvironmental IssueRemedial MeasuresReference tocontractdocumentsLocationMitigationCostInstitutional ResponsibilityImplementation SupervisionC.2.5Contamination ofwater from fuel andlubricantsa. To avoid contamination from fuel andlubricants, the vehicle and equipmentswill be properly maintained and refueled.b. Vehicle maintenance and refueling inconstruction camps will be confined toareas with traps oil/grease to preventwastewater from entering into rivers andstreams.Annexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.At constructioncamp locations,wherever locatedalong the Projectcorridor.EngineeringcostContractor,SupervisionConsultantSC, PIU,NHAI, SPCB(GOM)C.2.6Sanitation and wastedisposal inconstruction campsa. Construction camps will be constructedas per the lay out plan approved bySC/PIUb. The construction camps will be locatedaway from habitations (500 m), atidentified sites.Annexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.At constructioncamp locations,wherever locatedalong the ProjectCorridor.EngineeringcostContractor,SupervisionConsultantSC, PIU,NHAI, SPCB(GOM)c. The sewage system for such camps willbe properly designed and built so thatno water pollution of any stream orwatercourses takes place.d. The workplace will have proper medicalapproval by local medical, health ormunicipal authorities.C.2.7Use of water forconstructiona. The contractor will make independentarrangements for water required forconstruction in such a way that the wateravailability and supply to nearbycommunities remain unaffected.b. Suitable locations for water harvestingstructures to be provided by thecontractor are identified.Annexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.Throughout theproject corridorEngineeringcostContractor,SupervisionConsultantSC, PIU,NHAIDraft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 14

Consultancy Services for Feasibility Study and Detailed Project Report for Four/Six Laning ofJowai to Meghalaya/ Assam Border Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalayaunder NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Environmental Issue3. AirC.3.1Emission fromconstruction vehiclesand machineryC.3.2Dust and NuisanceTable 9.3: Environmental Management Plan – NH-44 Jowai to Assam/Meghalaya BorderRemedial Measuresc. Wastage of water during constructionwill be minimized and use properlycontrolled.a. All vehicles, equipments and machineryused for construction will be regularlymaintained to ensure that the pollutionemission levels conform to the SPCBnorms.b. The asphalt plants, crushers and thebatching plants will be sited at least 500m in the downwind direction from thenearest settlement.c. Regular monitoring of Air will beconducted as described inEnvironmental Monitoring Plan.a. The hot-mix plants, crushers andbatching plants will be sited at least 500m downwind from the nearest habitationand covered with dust trapping hoods.b. Water will be sprayed at cement mixingsites, earth mixing sites and asphaltmixing sites and on temporary accessroads and diversions.c. Vehicle delivering material will becovered.End boards in loaders will be provided toprevent spillage.Reference tocontractdocumentsVolume IITechnicalSpecification ofBid DocumentAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.LocationThroughout theproject corridorThroughout theproject corridorMitigationCostEngineeringcostEngineeringcostInstitutional ResponsibilityImplementation SupervisionContractor,SupervisionConsultantContractor,SupervisingConsultantSC, PIU,NHAI, SPCB(GOM)SC, PIU,NHAI, SPCB(GOM)Draft Detailed Project Report, 2-Lane Option [Volume IV (Part – A): Environmental Impact Assessment]9 - 15

Environment Management PlanEnvironmental Issue4. Noise LevelsC.4.1Noise from vehicle,asphalt plants andequipmentsC.4.2Noise from blastingoperations5. FloraC.5.1Loss or damage toTable 9.3: Environmental Management Plan – NH-44 Jowai to Assam/Meghalaya BorderRemedial MeasuresReference tocontractdocumentsa. The plants and equipment used for Annexure IIconstruction will strictly conform to (Guidelines forCPCB noise standard.Environmentalb. Properly sizing and maintaining mufflers, Management) ofengine intake silencers, engine Volume I of Bidenclosures, turning off idle equipment. Document.c. To protect construction workers fromsevere noise impacts, workers exposedto excessive noise will be givenearplugs, helmets, etc. Keeping menworking at noisy sites on shift to avoidconstant exposure to noise for longhours.d. In construction sites within 500 m ofhuman settlements, noisy constructionwill be avoided between 10.00 p.m. and6.00 a.m.e. Regular monitoring of Noise level asdescribed in Environmental Plana. Blasting shall not be carried out Annexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.a. Trees lost will be replaced just beforethe beginning of the constructionaccording to CompensatoryAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalLocationa, b, c, d.Throughout theproject corridore. At sensitivereceptorsAt locations whereblasting operationsare requiredThroughout projectCorridorMitigationCostEngineeringcostAs per BOQEngineeringcostAs per BOQInstitutional ResponsibilityImplementation SupervisionContractor,SupervisionConsultantContractor,SupervisionConsultantDepartment ofEnvironmentand Forest,SC, PIU,NHAI, SPCB(GOM)SC, PIU,NHAI, SPCB(GOM )SC, PIU,NHAI,DepartmentDraft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 16

Consultancy Services for Feasibility Study and Detailed Project Report for Four/Six Laning ofJowai to Meghalaya/ Assam Border Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalayaunder NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Environmental IssuevegetationC.5.2Compaction ofVegetationC.5.3Damage totrees/vegetation byworkers6. FaunaC.6.1Loss, injury ordisruption to fauna7. Safety and AccidentsC.7.1Accident risks fromTable 9.3: Environmental Management Plan – NH-44 Jowai to Assam/Meghalaya BorderRemedial MeasuresAfforestation Policy of State ForestryDepartment.b. Apart from trees ear marked for fellingno additional tree felling will be carriedout.All construction vehicle movement andparking locations will be such as to preventdamage to roadside vegetationContractor to ensure prevention of damageto vegetation and trees and their use byworkers. Contractor should supply fuel forall needs during construction, to preventuse of vegetation and trees for fuel.Construction workers will be directed not topoach upon fauna. Hunting will be strictlyprohibited.a. To ensure safe construction of thetemporary accesses during construction,safety devices will be installed.Reference tocontractdocumentsManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocument.Annexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocumentAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocumentAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocumentAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalLocationThroughoutProject CorridorThroughoutProject CorridorThroughoutProject CorridorThroughoutProject CorridorMitigationCostEngineeringcostEngineeringcostN.A.EngineeringcostInstitutional ResponsibilityImplementation SupervisionSC/PIU (NHAI)Contractor,SupervisionConsultantContractor,SupervisionConsultantContractor,SupervisionConsultantContractor,SupervisionConsultantofEnvironmentand ForestSC, PIU,NHAI,SC, PIU,NHAIDepartmentofEnvironmentand Forest(GOM)SC, PIU,NHAIDepartmentofEnvironmentand Forest(GOM)SC, PIU,NHAI,DepartmentDraft Detailed Project Report, 2-Lane Option [Volume IV (Part – A): Environmental Impact Assessment]9 - 17

Environment Management PlanEnvironmental IssueTable 9.3: Environmental Management Plan – NH-44 Jowai to Assam/Meghalaya BorderRemedial MeasuresReference tocontractdocumentsconstruction activities. b. Traffic rules and regulation will be strictly Management) ofadhered to.Volume I of Bidc. At blasting sites, the blasting time, signal Documentand guarding will be regulated. Prior toblasting, the site will be thoroughlyinspected and information given topublic. Blasting will not be carried outnear settlements.c. Safety of workers undertaking variousoperations during construction will beprotected by providing helmets, masks,safety goggles, hand gloves and rubberboots etc.d. First aid kits shall be provided atconstruction site for workers meetingminor accidents during constructionC.7.2Health IssueC.7.3 Movement ofExisiting Traffica. At every workplace, good and sufficientwater supply will be maintained to avoidwaterborne/water-related/ water-baseddiseases to ensure the health andhygiene of workers.b. Adequate drainage, septic tanks andsoak pits and wastewater disposal willbe provided at workplace.c. Preventive Medical care will be providedto workers.Traffic management will be affectedthrougha. Gate systemb. Diversion along existing alternativeVolume IITechnicalSpecification ofBid DocumentAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidLocationThroughoutProject Corridorand particularly atworkers campsNear temporarywork sitesMitigationCostEngineeringcostEngineeringcostsInstitutional ResponsibilityImplementation SupervisionContractor,SupervisionConsultantContractor,SupervisionConsultantof Health andFamilyWelfare(GOM)SC, PIU,NHAI,Departmentof Health andFamilyWelfare(GOM)SC, PIU,NHAIDraft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 18

Consultancy Services for Feasibility Study and Detailed Project Report for Four/Six Laning ofJowai to Meghalaya/ Assam Border Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalayaunder NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Environmental Issue8. Roadside TreesC.8.1 Road SideTreesTable 9.3: Environmental Management Plan – NH-44 Jowai to Assam/Meghalaya Borderroutesc. Proper signageRemedial MeasuresCompensatory planting according toAfforestation Policy of State ForestryDepartment will be carried out.9. Environmental EnhancementC.9.1a. Roadside plantation and grassing, bioengineeringmeasures to improveRoadside landscapedevelopmentaestheticsC.9.2Roadside amenitiesC.9.3CommunityPropertiesa. Provision of bus shelters, bus bays andrest places as per standard design willbe carried out.b. Road furniture including marker posts,crash barriers, traffic signs, speed zonesigns, rumbling strips etc. will beconstructed and erected as per design.a. Community properties, located awayfrom the project road should not bedisturbed by construction activity,workers camps and contractors workReference tocontractdocumentsDocumentAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocumentAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocumentVolume IITechnicalSpecification ofBid DocumentAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofLocationAlong roadsidevacant lands andForestDepartment’s landThroughoutProject CorridorThroughoutProject CorridorThroughoutProject CorridorMitigationCostAs per BOQCovered in (9)above and inengineeringcostsEngineeringcostSites createdthroughdumping ofwaste materialInstitutional ResponsibilityImplementation SupervisionContractor,SupervisionConsultant,VillageCouncils,PIU (NHAI),Department ofEnvironment &Forests.Contractor,SupervisionConsultant,Departmentof Environment& ForestContractor,SupervisionConsultantContractor,SupervisionConsultantSC, PIU,NHAI,DepartmentofEnvironment& Forest(GOM)SC, PIU,NHAI,DepartmentofEnvironment& Forest(GOM)SC, PIU,NHAISC, PIU,NHAI,Draft Detailed Project Report, 2-Lane Option [Volume IV (Part – A): Environmental Impact Assessment]9 - 19

Environment Management PlanEnvironmental IssueC.9.4EnvironmentalAwarenessOperation StageO.1.1Contamination fromaccidental spillsO.1.2Dust GenerationO.1.3Air PollutionTable 9.3: Environmental Management Plan – NH-44 Jowai to Assam/Meghalaya BorderRemedial MeasuresReference tocontractdocumentsarea.Volume I of Bidb. Community properties coming in the COI Documentwill be relocated in consultation with thelocal community.c. Construction camps /Blasting sites andall allied construction activities shall belocated away from the culturalproperties such that it is not affected.Environmental Awareness Campaigns tobe conducted in the project area duringconstruction perioda. The spills at the accident sites will becleared immediatelyb. The left over spills will be scraped andreclaimed to small lined confined pits atthe identified sites.a. Roadside tree plantations will beprotected from dust and wellmaintained.b. Afforestation, turfing, water sprinklingshall be carried out by O&M agency atsites of dust generationa. Vehicle emission of critical pollutantsparameters (PM 2.5 , PM 10 , CO, SO 2 andNO 2 ,) will be monitored on criticalAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocumentAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocumentAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocumentAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalLocationAt sensitivelocationThroughoutProject CorridorThroughoutProject Corridora. At sensitivelocationsMitigationCostwill be offeredon as it iswhere it basisby the PWD.Rs. 100,000/-NHAI to ensurethisCost included inafforestationcostTo be providedby NHAIInstitutional ResponsibilityImplementation SupervisionReputed NGOin Meghalayae.g. YMA,PIU(NHAI,)Local Govt.Bodies, NHAIand StatePollution ControlBoard.Contactor,O&M agency,Departmentof Environment& Forest,Motor vehicledepartment, andSPCB, NHAISC, PIU,NHAINHAI, SPCB(GOM)NHAIDepartmentofEnvironment& Forest(GOM)NHAI, SPCB(GOM) MotorvehicleDraft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 20

Consultancy Services for Feasibility Study and Detailed Project Report for Four/Six Laning ofJowai to Meghalaya/ Assam Border Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalayaunder NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Table 9.3: Environmental Management Plan – NH-44 Jowai to Assam/Meghalaya BorderEnvironmental IssueRemedial MeasuresReference tocontractdocumentsLocationMitigationCostInstitutional ResponsibilityImplementation Supervisionlocationsb. Roadside tree plantation will beprotected and maintained.Management) ofVolume I of BidDocumentb. ThroughoutProject corridordepartmentc. Regular maintenance of road will bedone to ensure good surface condition.O.1.4Noise Pollutiona. Noise pollution will be monitored. Annexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocumentAt sensitivelocationTo be providedby NHAIMotor vehicledepartment, andSPCB, NHAINHAI, SPCB(GOM) MotorvehicledepartmentO.1.5Watera. The roadside drainage system will beperiodically cleared of blockage.Annexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocumenta. Throughoutproject roada. By NHAI NHAI and SPCB NHAI, SPCB(GOM)O.1.6Flora and FaunaThe success of the replantation scheme willbe monitoredAnnexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofVolume I of BidDocumentThroughoutProject corridorIncluded incompensatoryplantation costDepartmentof Environment& Forest, NHAINHAI,DepartmentofEnvironment& Forest(GOM)O.1.7Accidents involvinghazardous materialsa. The rules as defined in theEnvironmental (Protection) Act, 1986 willbe complied.Annexure II(Guidelines forEnvironmentalManagement) ofThroughoutProject corridorBy NHAIMotor VehicleDepartment,SPCB and NHAIMotor VehicleDepartmentSPCB &Draft Detailed Project Report, 2-Lane Option [Volume IV (Part – A): Environmental Impact Assessment]9 - 21

Environment Management PlanTable 9.3: Environmental Management Plan – NH-44 Jowai to Assam/Meghalaya BorderEnvironmental IssueRemedial MeasuresReference tocontractdocumentsLocationMitigationCostInstitutional ResponsibilityImplementation Supervisionb. For delivery of hazardous substances,certificates issued by transportationdepartment, namely permit licence willbe required.Volume I of BidDocumentNHAIc. Vehicles delivering hazardoussubstances will be printed withappropriate signs.d. In case of accidental spillage immediatereport to relevant departments will bemade and instructions followed in takingup the corrective measures as soon aspossible.O.1.8Safety Measuresa. Traffic management plan will bedeveloped, especially for congestedlocationsb. Traffic control measures includingspeed limits, signages at sensitivereceptors will be enforced strictly.c. Further growth of encroachment withinthe ROW will be controlled.Volume IITechnicalSpecification ofBid Documenta, b, c.ThroughoutProject corridorBy NHAILocalGovernmentBodies, StateGovt. policedepartment andNHAILocalGovernmentBodies andState Govt.policedepartment,NHAI*SC : Supervision ConsultantDraft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 22

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)9.8 MONITORING PROGRAMMEThe purpose of the monitoring programme is to ensure that the intendedenvironmental measures are achieved and result in desired benefits to the targetpopulation. To ensure proper implementation of the EMP, it is essential that aneffective monitoring programme is designed and carried out. The broadobjectives are:To evaluate the performance of mitigation measures proposed in the EMP.To evaluate the adequacy of Environmental Impact Assessment.To suggest ongoing improvements in management plan, if required, forsubsequent effective monitoring.To enhance environmental quality.To meet requisite legal, environmental and community obligations.9.8.1 Performance IndicatorsThe significant physical, biological and social components affecting theenvironment at critical locations serve as wider/overall Performance Indicators.However, the following specific environmental parameters can be qualitativelymeasured and compared over a period of time and are, therefore, selected asspecific Performance Indicators (PIs) for monitoring because of their regulatoryimportance and the availability of standardized procedures and relevantexpertise.Air Quality with respect to PM2.5, PM10, CO, NOx and SO2 at majorsettlementWater Quality with reference to DO, BOD, Oil and grease, COD, SuspendedSolids and Turbidity at the bridge crossing points on river and streams,construction camp, labour camp etc.Noise levels at sensitive receptors (schools, hospitals, community/religiousplaces).Flora with reference to replantation success/survival rates.A description of the above Performance Indicators is given in the following subsections.Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) MonitoringAmbient air quality recommended for monitoring road development projects areSuspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Carbon Monoxide (CO), oxides of Nitrogen(Nox) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2 ). These are to be monitored, right from thecommencement of construction activity. Data should be generated thrice a yearat these locations in accordance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standardsformulated by MOEF in 1981 (Table 9.4). The location, duration and the pollutionparameters to be monitored and the responsible institutional arrangements aregiven in the Environmental Monitoring Plan (Table 9.7).Table 9.4: National Ambient Air Quality StandardsPollutantsTime WeightedAveragesSulphur Dioxide (SO 2 ) Annual* 524 hours** 80Industrial,Residential Rural& other Area33EcologicallySensitiveAreas20833Draft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 23

Environment Management PlanPollutantsTime WeightedAveragesOxides of Nitrogen (NO 2 ) Annual 4024 hours** 80Industrial,Residential Rural& other Area3EcologicallySensitiveAreasCarbon Monoxide (CO) 8 hours** 2 mg/m 3 2 mg/m 3Lead (Pb) Annual* 0.PM 10PM 2.5OzoneAmmonia (NH 3 )Benzene (C 6 H 5 )Benzo(a) Pyrene (BaP),Particulate Phase only1 hour 4 mg/m 3 4 mg/m 324 hours**Annual*24 hours**Annual*24 hours**8 hours**1 hour**Annual*24 hours**Annual*33083 331.03 33 33 33 33 331803 33 33 3Annual* 01 ng/m 3 01 ng/m 3Arsenic (As) Annual* 06 ng/m 3 06 ng/m 3Nickel (Ni) Annual* 20 ng/m 3 20 ng/m 3Source: MOEF Notification dated 16 th November 2009 G.S.R. 826 (E) National Ambient Air QualityStandards* Average Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken for a week 24 hourly atuniform interval** 24 hourly/8 hourly or 1 hourly monitored values as applicable, shall be complied with 98%percent of the time in a year, 2% of the time, they may exceed the limits but not on two consecutivedays of monitoring.Water Quality MonitoringThe physical and chemical parameters recommended for analysis of water qualityrelevant to road development projects are pH, total solids, total dissolved solids,total suspended solids, oil and grease, COD, Chloride, Lead, Zinc and Cadmium.The location, duration and the pollution parameters to be monitored and theresponsible institutional arrangements are given in the Environmental MonitoringPlan (Table 9.7). The monitoring of the water quality is to be carried out atlocations identified as above, along the project road according to the IndianStandard Specifications – IS10500: 1991 (Table 9.5).3333Draft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 24

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Table 9.5: Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification: IS 10500:1991Sl.No.Substance orCharacteristicsEssential Characteristics1 Colour, HazenUnits, Max.Requirement(DesirableLimit)2 Odour UnobjectionableUndesirable EffectOutside theDesirable Limit5 Above 5, consumeracceptancedecreasesPermissibleLimit in theabsence ofalternatesourceMethodsof Test(Ref. ToIS)25 3025(Part 4)1983- - 3025(Parts5):19843 Taste Agreeable - - 3025 (Part8):19844 Turbidity NTU,Max.5 Above 5, consumeracceptancedecreases5 pH value 6.5 to 8.5 Beyond this rangethe water will notaffect the mucousmembrane and/orwater supply system6 Total hardness(as CaCo 3 )MG/1, Max7 Iron (as Fe)mg/a, Max8 Chlorides (asCI)mg/1, Max300 Encrustation inwater supplystructures anadverse effect ondomestic use.0.3 Beyond this limittaste/appearanceare affected hasadverse ondomestic uses andwater supplystructures andpromotes ironbacteria250 Beyond this limit,taste corrosion andoalatibility areaffected10 3025 (Part7):1984No relaxation 3025 (Part11):1984600 3025 (Part21):19831 3025 (Part21):19831000 3025 (Part32) 1988RemarksExtended to 25 only iftoxic substances, inabsence of alternatesources.a. Test cold andwhen heatedb. Test at severaldilutionTest to be conductedonly after safety hasbeen established.-----Draft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 25

Environment Management PlanSl.No.Substance orCharacteristics9 Residual, freechloride, mg/1,MinRequirement(DesirableLimit)Undesirable EffectOutside theDesirable LimitPermissibleLimit in theabsence ofalternatesourceMethodsof Test(Ref. ToIS)0.2 3025 (Part26) 1986RemarksTo be applicable onlywhen water ischlorinated. Tested atconsumer end. Whenprotection againstviral infectioninfection is required, itshould be Min 0.5mg/1.Desirable Characteristics1 Dissolved solidsmg/1, Max2 Calcium (as Ca)mg/1, Max3 Magnesium (aMg) mg/1, Max4 Copper (as Cu)mg/1 Max5 Manganese (asMn) mg.1, Max6 Sulphate (as200 So 4 ), mg/1,Max7 Nitrate (as No 3 )mg/a, Max8 Fluoride (as F)mg/1, Max500 Beyond thepalatabilitydecreases and maycause gastrointestinal irritation.75 Encrustation inwater supplystructure andadverse effects ondomestic use30 Encrustation towater supplystructures andadverse effects ondomestic use.0.05 Beyond taste,discoloration andcorrosion of pipes,fitting and utensilswill be causedbeyond this.Beyond this limittaste/appearanceare affected, hasadverse effect ondomestic uses andwater supplystructures.200 Beyond this causesgastro intestinalirritation whenmagnesium orsodium are present.45 Beyond thismethamoglobunemia takes place.1 Fluride may be keptas low as possible.High fluoride maycause fluorosis.2000 3025 (Part16) 1986200 3025 (Part40) 19861.5 16, 33, 34of IS 3025:19640.3 35 of3025:19640.3 35 of 30251964400 3025 (part24) 1986100 3025 (part34) 19881.5 23 of 30251964-----May be extended upto 400 provided (asMg) does notexceed 30.To be tested whenpollution is suspectedTo be tested whenpollution is suspectedDraft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 26

Sl.No.Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Substance orCharacteristics9 Phenoliccompounds (asC 6 H 5 OH) mg/1,Max10 Mercury (as Hg)mg/1, Max11 Cadmium (asCd), mg/1, Max12 Selenium, (asSe) mg/1, Max13 Arsenic (as)mg/1, max14 Cyanide (as CN)mg/1 Max15 Lead (as Pb),mg/1, Max16 Zinc (as zn)mg/1, Max17 Anionicdetergents (asMBAS) mg/a,Max18 Chromium (asCr 6 + mg1, Max)19 Polynucleararomatic hydracarbons (asPAH) g/1, Max20 Mineral oil mg/1,Max21 Pesticides mg/1,Max22 RadioactivematerialsRequirement(DesirableLimit)Undesirable EffectOutside theDesirable Limit0.001 Beyond this it maycause objectionabletaste and odour0.001 Beyond this thewater becomes toxic0.01 Beyond this thewater becomes toxic0.01 Beyond this thewater becomes toxic0.05 Beyond this thewater becomes toxic0.05 Beyond this thewater becomes toxic0.05 Beyond this thewater becomes toxic5 Beyond this limit itcan causeastringent taste andan opalescencetaste and anopalescence inwater0.2 Beyond this it cancause a light froth inwater0.05 May becarcinogenic abovethis limit- May becarcinogenic abovethis limit0.01 Beyond this limitundesirable tasteand odour afterchlorination takeplace.PermissibleLimit in theabsence ofalternatesourceMethodsof Test(Ref. ToIS)0.002 54 of 30251964No relaxation (see note)MercuryionanalysesRemarksTo be tested whenpollution is suspectedTo be tested whenpollution is suspectedNo relaxation (See note) To be tested whenpollution is suspectedNo relaxation 28 of 30251964No relaxation 3025 (Part37) 1988No relaxation 3025 (Part27) 1988To be tested whenpollution is suspectedTo be tested whenpollution is suspectedTo be tested whenpollution is suspectedNo relaxation (See note) To be tested whenpollution is suspected15 39 of 302519641 MethyleneblueextractionmethodNo relaxation 38 of3025:1964- - -0.03 GasChromatographicemthoAbsent Toxic 0.001 - -583025:01964To be tested whenpollution is suspectedTo be tested whenpollution is suspectedTo be tested whenpollution is suspected--Draft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 27

Environment Management PlanSl.No.Substance orCharacteristicsRequirement(DesirableLimit)Undesirable EffectOutside theDesirable LimitPermissibleLimit in theabsence ofalternatesourceMethodsof Test(Ref. ToIS)Remarks23 a) Alphaemitters bq/1,Max24 Beta emitterspci/1, Max- - 0.1 - -- - 1 - -25 Aluminuium (asAl) mg/1, Max200 Beyond this limittaste becomesunpleasant600 13 of3025:1964-26 Aluminuium (asAl) mg/1, Max0.03 Cumulate effect isreported to causedementia0.2 31 of3025:1964-27 Boron mg/1,(asB) Max1 - 5 29 of3029:1964-Source: Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification-IS 10500, 1991Noise Level MonitoringThe measurements for monitoring noise levels would be carried out at sensitivereceptors along the project roads according to the Ambient Noise Standardsformulated by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in 1989 and followed byState Pollution Control Board (SPCB) of Meghalaya. These standards are givenin Table 9.6. Sound pressure levels would be monitored on twenty-four hourbasis. Noise should be recorded at a “A” weighted frequency using a “slow timeresponse mode” of the measuring instrument. The location, duration andparameters to be monitored and the responsible institutional arrangements aregiven in the Environmental Monitoring Plan (Table 9.7).ZoneTable 9.6: Noise Level Standards (CPCB)Noise Level for DayNoise Level for NightTimeIndustrial area 75 70Commercial area 65 55Residential area 55 45Silence zone 50 40Residential 65 50Commercial 70 -Success of RevegetationRoadside trees estimated to be affected is 6543 trees. The state ForestryDepartment requires planting ten trees to compensate for each tree lost. Hence,a total number of new 19629 trees will have to planted. The replacement plantingmethodology is proposed as follows:Draft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 28

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Roadside plantation: Roadside plantation is proposed to provide shade andaesthetic improvement through planting of flowering trees along the road.Plantation will be done wherever strips of land adjacent to road become availableafter road works are completed. This may take care of replacement at the rate ofone new tree for each tree lost or 1441 trees or 45 trees/km.To ensure the proper maintenance and monitoring of the compensatoryafforestation being carried out, a regular maintenance and monitoring of thesuccessful establishment and survival rate of the planted trees is proposed for aperiod of 3 years during the project operation stage (Table 9.7). The responsiblebody for this monitoring activity will be Department of Environment and Forests,Meghalaya.Bio-engineering techniques have been proposed for stabilizing hill slopes in theproject area. The application of bio-engineering methods are described in detailin Annexure 4.1. While the execution of bio-engineering techniques will be doneunder the supervision of PIU, the monitoring of its survival during operation phasewill be done by NHAI in consultation with the Department of Environment andForests, Meghalaya.9.8.2 Monitoring PlanThe monitoring plan covering various performance indicators, frequency andinstitutional arrangements of the project in the construction and operation stages,along with the estimated cost, is summarised in Table 9.7.Draft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 29

Environment Management PlanEnvironmentalComponentAirWater QualityNoise LevelsProject StageConstructionStageTable 9.7 : Environment Monitoring PlanMonitoringParametres Location (ch.) Frequency StandardsPM 2.5 , PM 10 ,SO 2 , NOx, COOperation Stage PM 2.5 ,PM 10 SO 2 , NOx,COConstructionStagePH, BOD, COD,TDS, TSS, Oil&Grease,Operation Stage P H, BOD, COD,TDS, TSS, Oil&Grease,ConstructionStageEquivalent noiselevelsOperation Stage Equivalent noiselevels1.Hot mix plantconcrete mixingplant constructionsite (1 location)2. Other Fourlocations at majorsettlementsAt major settlementand other projectspecific areaAt ConstructionCamp, labour campand other surfaceand groundwaterAt streams andriversAt major settlementand other projectspecific areaAt major settlementand other projectspecific area24 hourscontinuous,once everyseason for 3years24 hourscontinuous,once everyseason for 3yearsOne sampleat one placeOne sampleat one place24 hourscontinous,once everyseason for 3years24 hourscontinous,once everyseason for 3yearsAir qualitystandards byCPCBAir qualitystandards byCPCBWater QualityStandards byCPCBWater QualityStandards byCPCBNoisestandards byCPCBNoisestandards byCPCBApproximate CostRs.5x5000x3x3=225,0005x5000x2x3=1500005x5000x3x3=225,0005x5000x2x3=1500005x3000x3x3= 1350005x3000x2x3= 90,000Institutional ResponsibilityImplementationContractorthrough approvedmonitoringagencyContractorthrough approvedmonitoringagencyContractorthrough approvedmonitoringagencyContractorthrough approvedmonitoringagencyContractorthrough approvedmonitoringagencyContractorthrough approvedmonitoringagencySupervisionSC, PIU, NHAINHAISC,PIU, NHAINHAISC, PIU, NHAINHAIDraft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 30

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) to Meghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in theState of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-III Programme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)EnvironmentalComponentSoilEnvironmentAwarenessProject StageConstructionStageTable 9.7 : Environment Monitoring PlanMonitoringParametres Location (ch.) Frequency StandardspH, TDS, SAR,N, P, K oil andgreasesOperation Stage pH, TDS, SAR,N, P, K oil andgreasesConstructionStageFlora Operation Stage At least 75%survival rate oftreesAt agricultures landsand other projectspecific locationsAt agricultures landsand other projectspecific locationsAt major villages tobe carried out by areputed NGO.Entire stretchOne sampleat one placeOne sampleat one placeFor threeyearFor threeyears afterplantationSoil StandardICARSoil StandardICARAs per coursecontent andcalendarapproved byNHAIApproximate CostRs.5x3000x2x3 =900005x3000x2x2 =60000Institutional ResponsibilityImplementationContractorthrough approvedmonitoringagencyContractorthrough approvedmonitoringagency2,00,000 NGO (YMA) NHAI- 19629x500=9814500 NHAI, ForestryDepartmentMobilisation during construction and operation Stages 10,000 x 2 = 20,000Total Monitoring cost 1125000* 1 % of Afforestation cost1. Air Quality Test – Rs. 5,000 per station per day2. Water Quality Test – Rs. 5000 per sample3. Noise Test – Rs. 3000 per station per daySupervisionSC, PIU, NHAISC, PIU, NHAINHAI,Environmentand ForestDepartment(GOM)Draft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 31

Environment Management Plan9.8.3 Environmental Management BudgetThe Budget for carrying out the various environment management activitiesproposed in the EMP is given in Table 9. 8:S.NoMITIGATION COST123Table 9.8: Environmental CostsDescriptionCompensatory Afforestation @ 1:3 inlieu of 3450 trees cutOil interceptors at car washingstations along the roadManagement and Closure of dumpingsitesUnitRate(Rs)Amount(Rs)10350 500.00 9814500.0020 10000.00 200000.00LS 4000000.004 Silt Fencing 200 20000.00 4000000.00MONITORING COST1234Mitigation Cost (A) 13375000.00Air Quality Monitoring, Thrice a yearat 5 locations for 5 years (3 yearsconstruction period and 2 yearoperation period)Water Quality Monitoring, Thrice ayear at 5 locations for 5 years(3 yearsconstruction period and 2 yearoperation period)Noise Monitoring, Thrice a year at 5locations for 5 years (3 yearsconstruction period and 2 yearoperation period)Soil Analysis, Twice a year at 5locations for 5 years (3 yearsconstruction period and 2 yearoperation period)ENHANCEMENT COST75 5000.00 375000.0075 5000.00 375000.0075 3000.00 225000.0050 3000.00 150000.00Monitoring Cost (B) 1125000.001 Development of schools LS 5000000.002 Development of Water falls LS 2000000.003 Environmental Training LS 150000.004 Environmental awareness LS 100000.00Enhancement Cost ( C ) 7250000.00ENVIRONMENTAL COSTMitigation Cost (A) 13375000.00Draft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 32

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)S.NoDescriptionUnitRate(Rs)Amount(Rs)Monitoring Cost (B) 1125000.00Enhancement Cost (C) 7250000.00Sub Total 21750000Contingency @5% 1087500TOTAL ENVIRONMENTAL COSTRupees Two Hundred and twenty eight Lakhs Only22837500228 Lakhs• • •Draft Environmental Impact Assessment9 - 33

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)10. Compliance to Terms of Reference finalized by EAC on its 112 th meeting held on 10 th – 11 thMay, 2012TORFinalized TORRef.No.i) It is indicated that 3450. nos. trees to be cut,the information should be provided about theirspecies and whether it also involved anyprotected or endangered species. Necessarygreen belt shall be provided on both side of thehighway with proper central verge and costprovision should be made for regularmaintenance.iii)ii)iv)Explore the possibilities of cooled mixedtechnology instead of hot mixed technologySubmit the details of the road safety audit andplans for meeting the IRC safety requirements.The additional ToR and General Guidelines asper the annexure-I and Annexure-IIrespectively to this Minutes shall also beconsidered for preparation of EIA/EMP.ComplianceThe most common species is pine and othersinclude Kseh, Ngan, Lakhar, Salynda,Sochram, Diengkseh, Kwai, Talong, Jympa,Kathol, Cham etc.No protected or endangered species arepresent.Road side plantation shall be done alongroadside vacant lands and ForestDepartment’s land. Provisions for same hasbeen given in C.8.1 of table 9.3Same is under processPlease refer to 7.2 for details. Plans for roadsafety is as per IRC guidelines and are givenin sl.no 7 and O.1.8 of table 9.3All applicable to this project has beencomplied withv) Any further clarification on carrying out theabove studies including anticipated impactsdue to the project and mitigative measure,project proponent can refer to the model ToRavailable on Ministry website“http://moef.nic.in/Manual/ Highways”.Annexure- 1i)i. Any litigation(s) pending against the proposedproject and/or any directions or orders passedby any court of law/any statutory authorityagainst the project is to be detailed out.ii. Submit detailed alignment plan, with detailssuch as nature of terrain (plain, rolling, hilly),land use pattern, habitation, cropping pattern,forest area, environmentally sensitive places,mangroves, notified industrial areas, sanddunes, sea, river, lake, details of villages,tehsils, districts and states, latitude andlongitude for important locations falling on thealignment by employing remote sensingtechniques followed by ground truthing andalso through secondary data sources.iii. Describe various alternatives considered,procedures and criteria adopted for selection ofthe final alternative with reasons.YesNAAlignment plan on toposheet, duly georeferred,at the scale of 1:25000 has beenpresented with topographic, forest area andland slide area details, administrativeboundaries and prominent locations along thealignment. These have been verified dulybased on ground survey dataAlternative scenarios of with project andwithout project have been evaluated. Furtherthe “with project” scenario has beenconsidered as with counter measures andwithout counter measures. Please refers to10- 1

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)iv. Submit Land use map of the study area to ascale of 1: 25,000 based on recent satelliteimagery delineating the crop lands (both singleand double crop), agricultural plantations,fallow lands, waste lands, water bodies, builtupareas, forest area and other surfacefeatures such as railway tracks, ports, airports,roads, and major industries etc. and submit adetailed ground surveyed map on 1:2000 scaleshowing the existing features falling within theright of way namely trees, structures includingarcheological & religious, monuments etc. ifany.v. If the proposed route is passing through anyhilly area, examine and submit the stability ofslopes, if the proposed road is to pass throughcutting or embankment / control of soil erosionfrom embankment.ViviiIf the proposed route involves tunneling, thedetails of the tunnel and locations of tunnelingwith geological structural fraction should beprovided. In case the road passes through aflood plain of the river, the details of microdrainage, flood passages and information onflood periodicity at least of last 50 years in thearea should be examined.The projects is located within 10km. of thesanctuary a map duly authenticated by ChiefWildlife Warden showing these features vis-àvisthe project location and therecommendations or comments of the ChiefWildlife Warden thereon should be furnished atthe stage of EC.Viii Study regarding the Animal bypasses /underpasses etc. across the habitation areasshall be carried out. Adequate cattle passesfor the movement of agriculture material shallbe provided at the stretches passing throughhabitation areasix. If the proposed route is passing through a cityor town, with houses and human habitation onthe either side of the road, the necessity forprovision of bypasses/diversions/under passesshall be examined and submitted. Theproposal should also indicate the location ofwayside amenities, which should include petrolstation/service centre, rest areas includingpublic conveyance, etc.chapter 5 of this report.Land use map at 1:25000 scale based onCARTOSAT-1 satellite imagery with 2.5 mspatial resolution have been prepared.Strip plan on required scale has beenprepared based on survey data and has beenincorporated in the land use map.Hilly area along the road starts from Sonapur(km 139.050) bridge till Ratachera (km173.20).Existing masonry retaining wall is of 11.59km,breast wall of 501m and gabion wall of 57.5mlength will be strengthened. Retaining wall of20.49 km has been proposed along withextension of 5m height wall for 4.63 km.Gabion wall of 2 m height for 2.98 km and thatat slope protection work for 385m length havebeen proposed. Slope protection work hasbeen proposed for a length of 3.06 km.NANAThe project road is and widening with pavedshoulder, improvement of curves andpavement surface is proposed. Traffic surveyreveals that pedestrian or cattle underpassesare not required.PV 2 of none of the locations are >10 8 andhence no pedestrian crossing facility orfootpath has been proposed.2 Way side amenities are proposed.X Submit details about measures taken for the No such interventions proposed10- 2

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)pedestrian safety and construction ofunderpasses and foot-over bridges along withflyovers and interchanges.XiXiiXiiixivXvXviAssess whether there is a possibility that theproposed project will adversely affect roadtraffic in the surrounding areas (e.g. by causingincreases in traffic congestion and trafficaccidents).Examine and submit the details of use of flyash in the road construction, if the project roadis located within the 100 km from the ThermalPower PlantExamine and submit the details of sand quarry,borrow area and rehabilitationClimate and meteorology (max and mintemperature, relative humidity, rainfall,frequency of tropical cyclone and snow fall);the nearest IMD meteorological station fromwhich climatological data have been obtainedto be indicatedThe air quality monitoring should be carried outas per the new notification issued on 16 thNovember, 2009Identify project activities during constructionand operation phases, which will affect thenoise levels and the potential for increasednoise resulting from this project. Discuss theeffect of noise levels on nearby habitationduring the construction and operational phasesof the proposed highway. Identify noisereduction measures and traffic managementstrategies to be deployed for reducing thenegative impact if any. Prediction of noiselevels should be done by using mathematicalmodeling at different representative locations.It would not have any such effectNo thermal power plant within 100 km of theproject roadDetails are given in para 2.6 of Draft EIAreport.Provision for immediate redevelopment ofborrow areas is given in C.1.2 in table 9.3.Rainfall - 2,000 and 4,000 mm.Temperature - 26°C and 9°C.Humidity – 30 to 80%Nearest meteorological station is JowaiPlease refer Section 3.2 for detailsYesNoise monitoring has been done on 6locations truly representative of the location.Prediction of Noise level during Operationphase in future years has been done usingFHWA –TNM model. Please refer 4.2.4.There is no significant impact of noise on thesurrounding settlement.However, Construction machineries andequipment shall be operated withinpermissible limits and not during night andconstruction camps shall be at 1km downwinddirection from settlement.Vehicular noise during operation shall be keptlow by proper sign ages, speed breakers nearsensitive land uses of schools and hospitals.For details please refer Sl.no 3 in Table. 4.4xvii Examine the impact during constructionactivities due to generation of fugitive dust fromcrusher units, air emissions from hot mix plantsand vehicles used for transportation ofmaterials and prediction of impact on ambientair quality using appropriate mathematicalmodel, description of model, input requirementand reference of derivation, distribution ofmajor pollutants and presentation in tabularTable 6.1 shall be referred for noise levelmonitoring plan.D.5.2 in Table 9.3 shall be referred for noisequality management planAir quality monitoring has been carried out at6 locations and all parameters are within limit(Please refer table 3.7 for results)Air quality modeling using CALINE has beendone (refer para 4.2.3)Sl.no 3 and O.1.3 in table 9.3 may please bereferred for air quality management plan.10- 3

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)form for easy interpretation shall be carried out.xviiixixxxxxixxiiAlso examine and submit the details about theprotection to existing habitations from dust,noise, odour etc. during construction stageIf the proposed route involves cutting of earth,the details of area to be cut, depth of cut,locations, soil type, volume and quantity ofearth and other materials to be removed withlocation of disposal/ dump site along withnecessary permission.If the proposed route is passing through lowlying areas, details of fill materials and initialand final levels after filling above MSL, shouldbe examined and submit.Examine and submit the water bodies includingthe seasonal ones within the corridor ofimpacts along with their status, volumetriccapacity, quality likely impacts on them due tothe projectExamine and submit details of water quantityrequired and source of water including waterrequirement during the construction stage withsupporting data and also classification ofground water based on the CGWAclassificationPlease refer to Point no. xvi and xvii of thislist.1.8 lakh m 3 of hard and soft rock cutting isinvolved for 150 to 200mm lateral depth onthe hill side of road. Vertical depth for cutranges from 0.2 to 1 m and height of fillingranges from 0.1 to 1.5 m. All the materials cutshall be used for filling purpose.Slope protection measures and cross sectionshave been suggested. For details please referto Sl no. 4 of table 4.4, Annexure 4.2 and 4.3.The project road is not passing through lowlying area.Two major rivers viz. Lubhaa River,Baleshwar river. Seasonal streams are MuksaRiver, Motaiya River, Narpu Stream, TamungRiver, Umjrung Stream, Tongsheng River,Umprushung River, Apha River. Thevolumetric capacity of the rivers is high sinceit’s a hilly region and rivers are at its youthstage.For details on impact and mitigation pleaserefer sl. No 1 in table 4.4Surface Water – 300 Kl /dayThe volumetric flow in river is enormously highcompared to withdrawal from those rivers.There is no impact on the competitive users inthe downstream.100 KL / day of Ground water to beabstracted for construction purpose (Thedevelopment stage is 0.16 %.) and is far lessthan the volumetric capacity of the aquifer.xxiiiExamine and submit the details of measurestaken during constructions of bridges acrossriver/canal/major or minor drains keeping inview the flooding of the rivers and the life spanof the existing bridges. Provision of speedbreakers, safety signals, service lanes and footpaths should be examined at appropriatelocations throughout the proposed road toavoid the accidentsAll the bridges are designed in accordancewith 50 years highest flood level.- The volumetric flow will not bedisturbed due to construction ofpillars.- The excavated material shall beimmediately removed from the riverbed and dumped 500m beyond riverbank.- Silt fencing shall be done- Cofferdams shall be used- No storage of raw material or campsite within 500m from the bank.- Construction shall be restricted to10- 4

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)non-monsoon season.All design aspects to avoid accidentsaccording to IRC guideline is well taken careof in this proposal.xxivIf there will be any change in the drainagepattern after the proposed activity, details ofchanges shall be examined and submittedXxv Rain water harvesting pit should be at least 3 -5 m. above the highest ground water table.Provision shall be made for oil and greaseremoval from surface runoffxxvi If there is a possibility that theconstruction/widening of road will cause impactsuch as destruction of forest, poaching,reductions in wetland areas, if so, examine theimpact and submit details.No changes shall occur to the existingdrainage pattern as the road is alreadyexisting and the bridges / culverts areproposed to be repaired or reconstructedRain water harvesting tanks shall beconstructed for village communities incommon.No recharge pit could be provided because ofshallow ground water table.Pre-monsoon ground water level- 2.49 to 3.99mbglPost monsoon levels – 1.5 to 1.7 mbgl.No such possibility applies to this project .however during construction labour shall bemade aware not to harm the wild life , if anycomes there way.xxviixxviiiSubmit the details of road safety, signage,service roads, vehicular under passes,accident prone zone and the mitigationmeasuresIRC guidelines shall be followed for widening &upgradation of roadAll road safety measures shall be as per IRCguidelines during construction and operation.Safety audit shall also be conducted duringduring these phases as per terms andconditions.All relevant guidelines shall be followedxxixSubmit details of social impact assessmentdue to the proposed construction of roadxxx Examine road design standards, safetyequipment specifications and ManagementSystem training to ensure that design detailstake account of safety concerns and submit thetraffic management planxxxi Accident data and geographic distributionshould be reviewed and analyzed to predictand identify trends – in case of expansion ofthe existing highway and provide Post accidentemergency assistance and medical care toaccident victims.Number of structures to be affected are 318,out of which 299 are private (9 to be affectedpartially and 290 totally). 1902 PAPs are goingto be affected out of 363 households. Fordetails please refer Annexure 7.2Necessary provisions have been taken careas per design standards under IRC guidelines.The contractor will be in charge of safetymeasures during construction on the sameline.Widening and improvement of road along withcurve improvements and slope protection toprevent landslides shall prevent accidents.This project has provision for traffic andmedical aid post.xxxiiXxxiiiIf the proposed project involves any landreclamation, details to be provided for whichactivity land to reclaim and the area of land tobe reclaimed.Details of the properties, houses, businessesetc. activities likely to be effected by landacquisition and their financial loses annually.Not applicableNumber of structures to be affected are 318,out of which 299 are private (9 to be affectedpartially and 290 totally). 1902 PAPs are goingto be affected out of 363 households. Fordetails please refer Annexure 7.210- 5

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)xxxivDetailed R&R plan with data on the existingsocio-economic status of the population in thestudy area and broad plan for resettlement ofthe displaced population, site for theresettlement colony, alternative livelihoodconcerns/employment and rehabilitation of thedisplaced people, civil and housing amenitiesbeing offered, etc and the schedule of theimplementation of the project specificA budget of 9.174 crores has been allocatedunder R&R plan.For details please refer Annexure 7.2xxxv Submit details of Corporate SocialResponsibility. Necessary provisions should bemade in the budget.xxxvi Estimated cost of the project includingenvironmental monitoring cost and fundingagencies, whether governmental or on thebasis of BOT etc and provide details of budgetprovisions (capital & recurring) for the projectspecific R&R Plan.xxxvii Submit environmental management andmonitoring plan for all phases of the project viz.construction and operationEnhancement of religious properties anddevelopment of Community infrastructure hasbeen taken care of in the R&R plan.Enhancement of water bodies, providingcomputer facilities for the affected peoplethrough schools has also been considered.Total cost of the project is 368.88 croresincluding civil cost, Environmental cost (Rs.2.28 Crores), shifting of utilities, landacquisition and R&R cost (Rs. 9.174 crores).DBFOT on BOT (Toll) basis.Environmental Monitoring Plan andEnvironmental Management Plan preparedand included as chapters 6 & 9 in EIA ReportiiiIiiivGeneral Guidelines – Annexure IIThe EIA document shall be printed on bothsides, as for as possibleThe status of accreditation of the EIAconsultant with NABET/QCI shall bespecifically mentioned. The consultant shallcertify that his accreditation is for the sector forwhich this EIA is preparedOn the front page of EIA/EMP reports, thename of the consultant/consultancy firm alongwith their complete details including theiraccreditation, if any shall be indicated. Theconsultant while submitting the EIA/EMPreport shall give an undertaking to the effectthat the prescribed TORs (TOR proposed bythe project proponent and additional TORgiven by the MoEF) have been complied withand the data submitted is factually correct(Refer MoEF office memorandum dated 4 thAugust, 2009).While submitting the EIA/EMP reports, thename of the experts associated with/involvedin the preparation of these reports and thelaboratories through which the samples havebeen got analyzed should be stated in thereport. It shall clearly be indicated whetherthese laboratories are approved under theEnvironment (Protection) Act, 1986 and therules made there under (Please refer MoEFoffice memorandum dated 4 th August, 2009).The project leader of the EIA study shall alsoYesThe QCI certificate is attached as Annexure10.1. ICT Pvt. Ltd’s serial no is 23.Yes;Undertaking of consultant is attached asAnnexure 10.2The disclosure of consultant is attached asannexure 10.3.NABL accreditation of the laboratory (EKOPRO Pvt. Ltd) is attached as Annexure- 10.410- 6

Rehabilitation and Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 2 lane with paved shoulder from Jowai (km 69.2) toMeghalaya/ Assam Border (km 173.20) Section of NH-44 in the State of Meghalaya under NHDP Phase-IIIProgramme (Package No. NN/DL2/4)Vbe mentionedAll the TOR points as presented before theExpert Appraisal Committee (EAC) shall becovered.Yes10- 7

REFERENCESSl.No.ItemSources1. Compeendioum ofEnvironmental Statistic2. Development Projects andImprovement Risk1997 CSO, Govt. of India, New delhiResettling Project Affected People in India –Harimohan Mathur and David Marsden3. Economic Review, 1998 State Planning Board4. EIA notifications MOEF, New Delhi, 27 th January, 1994 1997 &20065. Environmental guidelines forRail/Road/Highway ProjectMinistry of environment & Forests Department ofEnvironment, Forests & Wildflife Government ofIndia New Delhi 19896. Forest (Conservation) Act MOEF, Govt. of India, New Delhi, 19807. The Forest (Conservation)RulesMOEF, Govt. of India, New Delhi, 20038. Wild life (Protection ) Act, MOEF, Govt. of India, New Delhi, 1972 asammended on 20029. Handbook of EnvironmentProcedures10. IRC guide lines for EIAprojectsMOEF, Government of IndiaIndian Road Congress11. Land acquisition Act, 1498 Govt. of India, New Delhi12. Landscaping of Roads The Indian Road Congress13. Meghalaya Forest Act, MmeghalayaForest Department.14. National Highways Act, 1956 MOST, Govt. of India, New Delhi15. Statistical abstract of India1991Central statistical organisation department ofstatistics, Ministry of Planning and ProgrammeImplementation, New DelhiR-1

GLOSSARYEnvironmentBiosphereEco-systemForest CoverForest InventoryOur surroundings- the context, within which we existThat portion of the earth-atmosphere system, whichsupports lifeThe basic structural unit of BiosphereAll lands with a free canopy, density of more than 10percent though they may not be statutorily notified asforestThe measuring and describing the quantity andquality of forest crop & many of the characteristics ofthe land area upon which forest crop is growingRecordedAreaBio-diversityBiotaForestAll lands statutorily notified as forest though theymay not necessarily bear tree coverBio diversity refer to the wealth of eco-system in thebiosphere, of species within eco-systems, and ofgenetic information within populationA collective team, which denotes all the livingorganisms in a particular spaceCumulative EffectsEconomic ValuationofEnvironmentalImpacts(EVE)EnvironmentalAssessmentThose effects, which result from the incrementalimpacts of individual events when added to otherpast, present and foreseeable further events. Theindividual impacts contributing to the cumulativeeffects may each be minor or their own, but theimpacts collectively may be significantThe group of procedures used to estimate, inmonetary terms, the costs and benefits arising fromproject related impacts effecting both the bio-physicaland social environment, in relation to a similarcalculation which assumes a no-project scenarioThe systematic process by which the effects on thebio-physical and socio-economic environment of aproposed human action or set of actions areevaluated, producing a set of recommendationswhich serve as influential input to the design of theaction or actionsG - 1

EnvironmentalManagement PlanIndigenous/Ethic PeopleLandscapeNatural AreasValued EcosystemThe synthesis of all proposed monitoring actions setto a timeline with specific responsibility assigned andfollow-up actions defined. The EMP is one of themost important outputs of the environmentalassessment process.Collectively the members of these cultures, whichhave historic, ancestral, spiritual & functionalconnection to the land on which and from which theylive. In popular usage, indigenous people aredistinguished from members of those cultures whoseconnection to the land on which they live in limited tothe historical period.Refers to the spatial organization of an environmenton a broad scale and how that organization shapesand shaped by the activities, which take place withinit.Terrestrial and adequate areas in which thecomponent eco-systems are characterized primarilyby native species, & in which human activities havenot altered ecological function to the points wherethe eco-systems have changed in character indistribution.A social or bio-physical component of anenvironment, which is of value (for any reason) in aproject. Examples might be a watershed, festivefarmland, a clean water supply or a nutritionallyimportant forest area.G - 2