Biomass Gasification by the use of Rice Husk Gasifier - IRD India

Special Issue of International Journal on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering (IJACTE)temperatures in a gasifier. This balances theconcentrations of carbon monoxide, steam, carbondioxide and hydrogen.IV. ADVANTAGES OF GASIFICATIONThe advantage of gasification is that using thesyngas is potentially more efficient than directcombustion of the original fuel because it can becombusted at higher temperatures or even in fuel cells,so that the thermodynamic upper limit to the efficiencydefined by Carnot's rule is higher or not applicable.Syngas may be burned directly in gas engines, used toproduce methanol and hydrogen, or converted via theFischer-Tropsch process into synthetic fuel. Gasificationcan also begin with material which would otherwisehave been disposed of such as biodegradable waste. Inaddition, the high-temperature process refines outcorrosive ash elements such as chloride and potassium,allowing clean gas production from otherwiseproblematicfuels.VII. STRUCTURE OF RICE HUSK GASIFIER SYSTEMThe gasification system includes:1. Feeder2. Circulation fluidized bed gasifier3. Cyclone separator4. Air pre heater5. Blower6. Induced draft fan7. Ash device8. Automatic controlling deviceVIII. TECHNOLOGY ROUTEThe Technology Route adopt combination ofcirculation fluidized bed gasification furnace andinternal combustion engine to achieve utilization of ricehusk resource. Meanwhile, according to clients demand,surplus heat boiler will be used for collect the surplusheat of fuel gas and exhaust gas from generator,finishing comprehensive utilization of energy.IX. PROCESSFig : Shows various zone of GasifierV. TYPES OF GASIFIER‣ counter-current fixed bed‣ co-current fixed bed‣ fluidized bed‣ entrained flow‣ plasma‣ free radicalVI. RICE HUSK GASIFIERRice husk will be main fuel material of Rice huskgasifier power generation plants, the analysis of ricehusk is given as an example.As shown, the gasifier is a small unit with 40-cmdiameter reactor equipped with 3-in., 220-volt electricblower to provide the air needed in gasifying rice husksto produce carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2)gases. Rice husk is fed at the top end of the reactoreither manually using a ladder or with the use of abucket elevator. On the other hand, char is removedfrom beneath the char box using a screw conveyor. Thegas coming out of the reactor is conditioned by allowingit to pass through the gas-cleaning devices whichconsisted of wet scrubbers, tar condenser, and a series ofpacked and bag filters. The gas is fueled to a 3-cylinder,12-valve surplus Susuki engine which directly drive a10-kWe AC synchronous generator at a speed of 1,800rpm producing 220 volt current. A total of 160 pieces of50-watt bulbs can be energized by the plant for 8 to 10hours continuous operation. The plant consumes ricehusks at an average rate of 19 kg per hour. The gastemperature coming out of the reactor ranges from 400to 550°C. It dropped between 50 to 70°C after passingthe wet scrubbers, and further cooled down between 35to 42°C before entering the intake manifold of theengine. Gas flow rate is at 24 Nm3 per hour. The engineis entirely fueled by the gas generated, except at thestart-up and at the end of the operation. Furthermore, aparasitic load of 15% of the power output is needed torun the plant itself.15ISSN (Print) : 2319 – 2526, Volume-2, Issue-1, 2013

Special Issue of International Journal on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering (IJACTE)temperature, recycling and heating materials, rice huskin gasifier meet air accessing from bottom so thathydrogenation & gasification reaction occurred, and ricehusk converted into fuel gas. The element of fuel gas:CO、H 2 、CH 4 etc. Calorific value: 1450kcal/ m 3approximately. Moreover, including a little tar. Throughinnovated fuel gas purification technology, dust, tarincluded in fuel gas is effectively treated and collect tocompletely achieve the demand of internal combustion.XIII. CONCLUSIONWith the increasing industrialization and rapidpopulation growth non renewable fuels are rapidlygetting consumed, which may lead to risk of energyshortage in the future, but a definite solution to it is theuse of renewable source. Biomass is conversion of wasteto energy. India being a major agricultural country ricehusk gasifiers produce a change in the energy scenarioof the country.XIV. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTWe would like to thank School of ElectricalEngineering, KIIT University for providing necessaryexperimental platform for research and analysis for thecompletion of the paper.XV. REFERENCES[1] National Non-Food Crops Centre. "Review ofTechnologies for Gasification of Biomass andWastes, NNFCC 09-008", Retrieved on 2011-06-24[2] The Clean and Renewable Energy Source,www.biomass.uk.com, accessed 16.05.11[3] Thermal Gasification of Biomass, International EnergyAgency Task 33, www.gastechnology.org, accessed16.05.11[4] Clean Renewable Fuel from the Plasma Gasification ofWaste, www.waste-management-world.com, Accessed16.05.2011[5] Gas Generator Project History of the Gasogenetechnology[6] Beychok, M.R., Process and environmental technologyfor producing SNG and liquid fuels, U.S. EPA reportEPA-660/2-75-011, May 1975[7] Beychok, M.R., Coal gasification for clean energy,Energy Pipelines and Systems, March 1974[8] Beychok, M.R., Coal gasification and the Phenosolvanprocess, American Chemical Society 168th NationalMeeting, Atlantic City, September 1974.17ISSN (Print) : 2319 – 2526, Volume-2, Issue-1, 2013