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a. Intravenous Injection (Bolus) b. Intravenous infusion.II. Multicompartment models.a. Two compartment open model.b. IV bolus, IV infusion and oral administrationIII. Non-compartmental Model.Statistical Moment Theory; MRT for various compartment models;Physiological Pharmacokinetic model.8. MULTIPLE DOSAGE REGIMENa. Introduction, principles of superpositionb. Factors: persistent, accumulation and loss factorsc. Repetitive Intravenous injections – One Compartment Open Modeld. Repetitive Extravascular dosing – One Compartment Open modele. Multiple Dose Regimen – Two Compartment Open Model9. ELIMINATION OF DRUGS:a) Hepatic Elimination. Percent of Drug Metabolized, DrugBiotransformation reactions, (Phase-I reactions and phase-II reactions),First pass effect, Hepatic clearance of protein bound drugs and Biliaryexcretion of drugs.b) Renal Excretion of Drugs: Renal clearance, Tubular Secretion andTubular Reabsorption.c) Elimination of Drugs through other organs: Pulmonary excretion,Salivary excretion, Mammilary excretion, Skin excretion and Genitalexcretion.10. PROTEIN BINDING: Introduction, types, kinetics, determination andclinical significance of drug-protein binding.11. PHARMACOKINETICS VARIATIONS IN DISEASE STATES.Determination of pharmacokinetics variations in renal and hepatic diseases,general approaches for dose adjustment in renal diseaseand hepatic diseases.12. PHARMACOKINETICS OF INTRAVENOUS INFUSIONS.13. BIOPHARMACEUTICAL ASPECTS INDEVELOPING A DOSAGEFORMDrug considerations, drug product considerations, patient considerations,manufacturing considerations, pharmacodynamic considerationspharmacokinetic considerations156 | Pakistan Pharmacist Federation; www.pharmacistfed.pk,www.pharmafed.wordpress.com, www.pharmarev.com, info@pharmacistfed.pk,
14. IN-VITRO-IN-VIVO CORRELATION (IVIVC)Introduction, levels and determination of in-vitro/in-vivo correlationPHARMACEUTICS –V (BIOPHARMACEUTICS) (PRACTICAL)Paper 8100 MarksNOTE:- Practical of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of theabove mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities, e.g. BloodSampling Techniques (In Laboratory Animals like dog, rabbits, mice etc. inhuman beings), In-vitro dissolution studies, Optional dose determination,Measurement of rate of Bioavailability, Determination of relative and absolutebioavailability. Plasma level-time curve (Determination of Pharmacokineticparameters). Determination of plasma protein binding. Urinary samplingtechniques. In Laboratory animals. In humans. Renal excretion of drugs or drugdisposition.Recommended Books1. Leon Shargel, Applied Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics,Appleton & Lange, New York, 5th Ed., 2008.2. Malcoln Rouland, Thomous N Tozer, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, William& Willkins, London, 1995.3. Milo Gibaldi, Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 4 thEd,Marchel& Dakker Inc, New York, 2008.4. Gibbson and Skett, Introduction to Drug Metabolism, 3 rd Ed,Champ &Hall, London, 2001.5. Robert E Notari, Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 4 th Ed,Marchel & Dakker Inc, New York, 1988.6. Sarfraz Niazi, Text Book of Biopharmaceutics & ClinicalPharmacokinetics. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1985.7. Gul Majid Khan, Biopharmaceutics: Text Book for <strong>Pharmacy</strong> Students &Working Pharmacists [ISBN978-969-9101-00-7]8. Gul Majid Khan, Text Book of Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics forPost Graduate Students9. Gul Majid Khan, Laboratory Manual of Biopharmaceutics &Pharmacokinetics[ISBN 978-969-9101-02-1]157 | Pakistan Pharmacist Federation; www.pharmacistfed.pk,www.pharmafed.wordpress.com, www.pharmarev.com, info@pharmacistfed.pk,
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NATIONAL CURRICULUM REVISIONCOMMITT
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The aims and objectives of Doctor o
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14. To prepare pharmacy graduates f
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and its Applications in Pharmacy)[L
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DETAILS OF COURSES ( SEMESTER SYSTE
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PHARM 311 PHARMACEUTICS-I (Physical
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9. Naser-ud-Din, Introduction to St
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Expression of Genetic Information,
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2. STRUCTURE OF CELL: Cell Membrane
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Communications SkillsObjectives: En
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Experiments to demonstrate some of
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1990.9. Naser-ud-Din, Introduction
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Hemorrhage and Other Causes of Hypo
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IS 402ISLAMIC STUDIESCr. Hr.: 01 Ma
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Publications New Delhi (1989)9) Dr.
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PHARM 413 PHARMACEUTICS-V (Pharmace
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e. Drug treatment of chronic inflam
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j. Labiatae Peppermint, Thyme, Spea
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SECOND SEMESTERPS 403PAKISTAN STUDI
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NOTE:- Practicals of the subject sh
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i. Drugs used for cough (Anti-tussi
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1. Drugs of Animal OriginGeneral in
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Frequency Table, Diagrams, Pictogra
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pharmaceutical students Churchill L
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anaesthetic drugs on human and the
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5. Plant SteroidsIntroduction, extr
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Adenoma, Chondroma, Fibroma, Leomyo
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Aluminium Hydroxide, Ammonium Chlor
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of frog. To demonstrate the effects
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6. Tumor Inhibitors from PlantsIntr
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• Components of a Computer• Com
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1. INTRODUCTION(a) Role of Pharmaci
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withdrawal, Detection, Management o
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(Note: A minimum of 10 practicals w
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14. Ronald D Schoenwald, Pharmacoki
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Distribution, Relationship between
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4. A J Winfield, Pharmaceutical Pra
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. Factors: persistent, accumulation
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vaccines.5. MISCELLANEOUS DETERMINA
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3. T V Ramabhadran, Pharmaceutical
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1. R Z Hussain, The Manual of Drug
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NOTE:- Practical of the subject sha
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PHARM 722 PHARMACY PRACTICE-XIII (C
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3. The Pharmacy Act 1967.4. The Poi
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6. Block, Roche, Soine and Wilson.
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PHARM-D FIVE-YEAR COURSESCHEME OF S
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Paper 4 Pharmacy Practice -VI (Fore
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9. PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF HE
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c. Proteins and Amino acids: Brief
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3. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES:a. S
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2. Cooper and Gunns Tutorial Pharma
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Page 173: RecommendationsAll members of NCRC
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