14. starptautiskÄ konference 2012 - Latvijas JÅ«ras akadÄmija

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Proceedings of 14th International conference „Maritime Transport and Infrastructure - <strong>2012</strong>”but it is possible to use it for simple limitation of some special water territory with limited access likenavy base for non military water crafts which are trying to enter base of curiosity or with the goal todamage military inventory as it is described above [6].Security floating barriers are made in such a way to guarantee the durability of barrier after thestrike of more than one speedboat. Barrier consists of a lot of individual modules which are made fromhigh density polyethylene. Separate modules are connected with each other to achieve the necessarylength of barrier. For higher counter diver protection floating barrier can be equipped with underwaternet to prevent divers intruding in to the secured territory and barbed wire entanglements over thebarrier floating part [6].One of the weapons used by US Navy and Coast Guard for protection of vessels and portfacilities and fighting enemy’s swimmers and divers is Anti – Swimmer Grenade. It is possible to setthe detonation depth of the grenade according to the depth of water basin and the depth of detecteddiver [7].Fig. 1: Security floating barriers on the duty of US Coast Guard [6]One of the armament units used by Russian Navy for coastal installation and warshipprotection from underwater diversion threats is small sized remote controlled counter diversiongrenade launcher complex DP-65. Complex consists of ten-barreled 55 millimeter grenade launcherfor launching rocket-propelled grenades, control panel, power supply, mechanism for vertical andhorizontal guidance and fittings. For destroying targets high explosive grenades RG-55M are used, butfor illumination of detected target complex is fitted with reactive signal grenades GRS-55. The systemprovides a single and salvo firing on the distances from 50 – 500 meters [8].Fig. 2: Complex DP -65 and Grachonok class anti-terror boat [9][10].98
Proceedings of 14th International conference „Maritime Transport and Infrastructure - <strong>2012</strong>”System can be operated ether manually or using sonar “Anapa ME” which provides automaticdetection of targets, aiming the complex at the potential target and escorting of the target till thedestruction [9].The general advantage of this system is application possibilities both on the alone standingwarships of almost any size in the unprotected or not specially prepared ports and harbors or alonestanding ships in the open water territory and in the navy bases or other coastal infrastructure units forprotection of moored ships and coastal installations. This makes complex universal combat toolagainst underwater diversion forces or even single small surface targets like speedboats [9].A little bit different solution of this question used by the Russian Navy is maintenance ofspecial anti-terror boat. Project „Grachonok” ship is specially equipped vessel for patrolling andfighting underwater diversion forces in the waters of navy basing sites and in the approaches to them.Vessel is equipped with previously described complex DP-65, sonar Anapa ME, maritime heavy 14, 5mm machine gun and other necessary equipment. The use of this kind of vessels allows organizingand making counter diversion protection mobile for achieving the faster and more efficient responsecapability [10].3. Naval Force Flotilla defense capability improvementNo doubt, the Latvian Navy must follow technological progress and apply new inventions tosolve security problems. One of the challenges is organisation of effective protection of naval bases inPorts of Riga and Liepaja in order to avoid diversion threats from the water by divers or fastspeedboats. The second challenge Latvian Navy faces today is development and implementation ofprotection system for alone standing warships in unsecured harbours in Ventspils, Pavilosta, Mērsragsoften used by warships of the Latvian Navy, or in open sea. The third issue regards to limited access towarships and naval bases. Such access should be strictly assessed by the respective security authoritiesand controlled. Taking into account that the Liepāja Naval Base is not recognised as a secure base forwarships trimming, the Port of Riga could be considered as the best solution of the current problem,however, it should not be intended in long-term perspective. Meanwhile, the Liepāja Naval Baseshould be reconstructed and secured in accordance with the NATO standards [11].Now the biggest Latvian Naval Base is considered to be the Port of Liepaja. The mostimportant advantage of the Liepaja Naval Base is its direct access to the Baltic Sea, as well as, the factthat the Port of Liepaja is ice free port. It means the Latvian Navy readiness for action from timeperspective is effective throughout a year. Nevertheless, the existing Naval Base in the Port of Liepajais inappropriate for successful and secure trimming of warships. The main reason of this is the fact thatLiepaja Naval Base is not isolated from other part of the territory of the Port of Liepaja.Naval Base in the Port of Riga is considered as more appropriate for military use than theBase in Liepaja. The general advantage is a partial isolation from other part of the port of Riga andpossibility to isolate the water territory of base completely from the access of unauthorized persons.For this mean the floating buoy barrage is used. Using this method it is possible to prevent free accessof unauthorized watercrafts in the territory of base, but it is not a considerable obstacle for possibleattackers [11].The security system of the water basin of Latvian naval bases must be composed of threesecurity elements. The initial solution of the security problem of naval bases must guarantee thelimited access to the water territory of bases for unauthorized persons and water crafts. The secondpart of the first security level is establishment of such security equipment that prevents the attack onmoored warships using fast speedboats carrying explosives. The solution of this problem could be thedeployment of floating barriers similar to existing floating buoys barriers but with the possibility tostop the attacking fast speedboats, e.g., floating security barriers by Wave Dispersion Technologies.Installation of such base lighting system that provides a good observation of the base surroundingterritory and dazzles the driver of attacking water craft or combat swimmer is very important. Takinginto account that Riga Naval base is located in the river Bullupe, it is very important to limit the accessto the water basin of the base from the opposite riverside. One of the solutions is to enclose the wholewater of base not only with the floating security barriers mentioned before.99
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14. starptautiskÄ konference 2012 - Latvijas JÅ«ras akadÄmija

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14. starptautiskÄ konference 2012 - Latvijas JÅ«ras akadÄmija