14. starptautiskÄ konference 2012 - Latvijas JÅ«ras akadÄmija

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Proceedings of 14th International conference „Maritime Transport and Infrastructure - <strong>2012</strong>”University of Riga, Transport Institute. The advantages of UAVs are their comparatively low costs,mobility and operational capability to observe much wider water space around the ship, than it ispossible from the ship’s bridge [1].The existing system of ice conditions surveillance and forecasting, deployed in Baltic Seaarea, is of extremely insufficient performance for the purposes of safe navigation and daily activitiesof seafarers [1]. Process of formation of ice masses, changes in thickness and structure, as well as iceshifts,are under influence of various factors. The precise information and accurate data on icesituation at sea is of vital importance for merchant shipping in area of interest as well as for fishermen.1. UAV Krauklis technical data and capabilitiesFor the purposes of ice conditions surveillance has been used Unmanned Aerial Vehiclesystem, manufactured at Latvian Technical University. UAV Krauklis is the micro-class unmannedaircraft, specifically designed for executing missions as follows: (1) Dynamic environmentalmonitoring; (2) Detection of accurate positions of designated objects, targets; (3) Meteorologicalobservations [4].As the micro class aircraft, UAV Krauklis is associated with the small dimensions and limitedcapabilities(Table 1). UAV is being equipped with the High Definition photo camera CanonPowershot SX 200 IS, with the associated technical parameters (Table 2). The camera is placed inspecial for this purpose in-built compartment. Camera provides the technical capabilities of visualsurveillance, captures snapshot images and video recording within the mid-perpendicular planes fromUAV “middle line” in diapasons: from 90 angle degrees starboard side- lower mid-perpendicular -90degrees port side (Fig.1).The UAV’s Krauklis technical parametersTable 1Weight,1.5 kgWing Span 2.1 mEngineElectricNavigation GPSSpeed 45-90 km h -1Endurance 1 h dependable by temperatureAltitude Range 10-500mPayload1kgCanon Powershot SX 200 IS specificationsTable 2Type1/2.3 CCDEffective Pixels12.1 MImage ProcessorDIGIC 4 with iSAPS technologyFocal Length5.0-60.0 mmZoomCombinedapprox 48xImage StabilizationShift-typeISO sensitivity AUTO 80-1600Shutter speed 15-1/3200Continuous Shooting0.8 shoots/secLive viewYesMovies(HD) 1280 x 720, 30fps, (L)640 x 480, 30fps, (M)320 x 240, 30fpsMovie Length Up to 4GB or 29 min. 59 sec (HD) Up to 4GB or 1 hour (L, M)Weight (body only)220gSize103х61х38mmAlso UAV is equipped with the navigational video camera for the purpose of flight control.The live images from photo camera and video camera are being transmitted to base control station in58
Proceedings of 14th International conference „Maritime Transport and Infrastructure - <strong>2012</strong>”the real-time mode. All the images and records are being stored in digital data storage device. Theparticularly lightweight apparatus can be launched from almost any unfitted location, where no anytake-off runway is available.UAV’s electromotor dos not emit considerable audio noise or any otherenvironmental pollution [4].Because of small dimensions, low production costs and relatively simplistic operationalprocedures of deployment, micro class UAV is well suited tool for surveillance and reckoning withinshort-to-medium ranges water spaces.Fig.1. UAV Krauklis observation capacity2. Methods of UAV deployment for ice surveillance at seaThe basic methods of UAV deployment as the means of ice conditions surveillance are asfollows:(1) Perspective surveillance, (2) Detailed surveillance, (3) Pre-planned aerial photo surveying.The methods are being implemented depending on missions, particular situation and location wherethe UAV is being launched from. All methods are used either by launching UAV from the vessel’sdeck (preferable) or from ashore with further digital pairing of transmitted operational data withvessel’s bridge IT asset. There are none specific requirements for taking off procedure in matter offree ‘’runway’’, there is need to have just 2-5 meters of upper deck for an individual, who has to hauloff and throw the propelled aircraft into the air. The process of UAV’s after-mission recovery alsodoes not require tremendous technical arrangements. Any ship can be equipped with hand held/poleheld easily mountable UAV’s so called “arresting gear”: fishing net alike simple construction withsufficiently sized cells for soft and safe ‘’arresting’’ of landing UAV on the deck. There is quite ampleaccumulated technical experience worldwide of operating ‘’ship born’’ UAVs. Moreover, UAVlanding on the beach requires just several meters of a terrain free of obstacles, without any additionaltechnical arrangements.The method of perspective surveillance is being used for fast and accurate data acquisition onice situation in advanced direction along the ship anticipated course. The method is being used forservicing a single ship or group of ship in a concerted movement, when UAV is being launched fromthe deck of vessel and all acquired visual data are being digitally delivered and processed on thebridge of ship. This method ensures the ice situation awareness for seafarers. As the practical outcomeof Perspective observations (surveillance)is seafarer understands about: (1)Where are the least59
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14. starptautiskÄ konference 2012 - Latvijas JÅ«ras akadÄmija

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14. starptautiskÄ konference 2012 - Latvijas JÅ«ras akadÄmija