14. starptautiskÄ konference 2012 - Latvijas JÅ«ras akadÄmija

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Proceedings of 14th International conference „Maritime Transport and Infrastructure - 2012”2. Ways of costs decrease of liner shipping companiesCosts of AB DFDS SEAWAYS consist of: ships costs; chartering costs; personnel costs; costs on selling, administration and other activities.It is proposed to decrease costs in liner shipping using the following ways [3]: by decreasing exploitation costs (fuel, lubricants, repairs); by decreasing costs connected with the crew of a ship; by decreasing the tariffs of services rendered at the port; by decreasing port dues.Ship exploitation/maintenance costs can be decreased by using new ships with modernengines using less fuel than the old ones. In a lot of countries it is proposed to use new ecologicalships by applying different privileges.Before buying or hiring a ship for a concrete line exploitation costs are to be determinedprecisely. Quite a lot of them are to be followed by the crew, nevertheless, the resolute decrease of anumber of crew members may have negative consequences: small crew cannot ensure suitablefastening of cargo (in Ro-Ro ships), therefore they are to hire the workers from the terminal or specialfastening companies and they are paid more for the same job than the members of a crew. The biggestproblem is that small crew of a ship cannot ensure necessary navigational duty and it increases theprobability of ship accidents and insurance companies increase insurance for such ships. It isespecially important to suitable assess the necessary number of crew members for each shipping line,in order to: ensure navigation safety; execute additional works more efficiently using minimal costs.The tariffs of port services make the greater part of liner ship costs at a port, therefore thenegotiations between the operator of a line and port terminal are especially important. Havingnegotiated on more favourable tariffs for port services, it is possible to increase the economicefficiency of a line. In order to make the agreement successful, it is important to assess thepossibilities of port terminal and shipping line.Port dues make a significant part of liner ship costs. Port dues in a lot of ports are oriented toprogressive discounts: the more times a ship calls the port, the less port dues it pays, therefore, at thebeginning of work of a shipping line it is important to plan its work as precisely as possible (fig. 1).100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%9 8 5 616 17 19 1819 2034 3357 5541 422007 2008 2009 2010Expenditure on selling,administration and other activitiesPersonnel costsShips expenditureChartering costsFig. 1. AB DFDS SEAWAYS structure of costs140
Mln. LtMln. LtProceedings of 14th International conference „Maritime Transport and Infrastructure - 2012”Chartering costs make the biggest part under analyses period (fig. 2). The smallest value ofchartering costs in 2007 reached 41% i. e. 68,22 mln. Lt, and the biggest value of chartering costs wasin 2009, when it made 57% i. e. 114,71 mln. Lt of total costs.The increase of chartering costs can be grounded by the fact that AB DFDS SEAWAYStransferred ship`s costs to the main office of company in Denmark and main income got from hiring ofships. Increasing chartering costs was one of the main reasons that predetermined the decrease ofship`s costs.140120100806040200114.71122.8768.22 71.182007 2008 2009 2010Fig. 2 AB DFDS SEAWAYS chartering costsThe increase of costs for human resources was predetermined by increasing wages comparingto basic year 2010, it increased by 41% and reached 21,51 mln. Lt. The tendency of increasing ispeculiar to chartering costs. In 2008 the increase of chartering costs was only slight and it reached 4%.But when ship`s costs was transferred to the main office of company in Denmark, chartering costssignificantly increased (in 2009 – 68%, and in 2010 – 80%). As the main activity of AB DFDSSEAWAYS became ship hiring, the growth of chartering costs is a natural process.Ship exploitation and repairs make the biggest part of ship`s costs (fig. 3).403530252015105034.2932.2726.6423.8517.95 17.0915.8613.5110.354.670 02007 2008 2009 2010Fuel Exploitation and repair Port and cargo costsFig. 3 AB DFDS SEAWAYS ships costsIn 2007 exploitation and repair costs reached 23,85 mln. Lt. In 2008 exploitation and repaircosts increased by 12%, and in 2009 – 35%, in 2010 – 44% and reached 34,29 mln. Lt (fig. 3). Annualincrease of exploitation and repair costs was predetermined by bigger exploitation costs. But ABDFDS SEAWAYS tries to cover increasing exploitation and repair costs by bigger income. Port andcargo costs in 2008-2009 decreased due to smaller cargo transportation flows during economicdownturn, but in 2010 the costs significantly increased up to 10,35 mln. Lt. It was predetermined bythe growing cargo transportation flows. Tendency of decreasing of fuel costs was peculiar in 2007-141
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14. starptautiskÄ konference 2012 - Latvijas JÅ«ras akadÄmija

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14. starptautiskÄ konference 2012 - Latvijas JÅ«ras akadÄmija