14. starptautiskā konference 2012 - Latvijas Jūras akadēmija

Proceedings of 14th International conference „Maritime Transport and Infrastructure - 2012”1. Costs structure of a liner shipping companyDistribution of ship costs gives possibility to more precisely assess the impact of costs on theprofit of a liner shipping company [4]. Liner shipping costs groups are: ship costs, sailing cost, capitalcosts of a ship owner, cargo handling costs.Current ship costs are calculated as total annual costs when costs is calculated for oneexploitation day and the current costs of sailing is calculated evaluating the duration of a sailing andthe costs for one exploitation day: Costs for the maintenance of a crew: wages, overtime/ bonuses, payment for vacation, socialcosts, professional training, transportation of a crew to a ship, medical services, hiring costs, foodproducts and etc. Insurance: contributions to P&I clubs. Deck technical equipment: buying of maps/charts, auxiliary navigation means, mooringropes, paint, flags, and deck and superstructure regulation devices. Technical supply for engine-room: chemical materials, welding equipments, electricapparatuses and equipment, instruments, spare parts. General supply: cartridges, supply for devices and etc. Spare parts: for deck mechanisms and equipments, for main engine, for auxiliarymechanisms, for electricity systems and rescue equipment. Servicing and survey: survey of fire-extinguishers and rescue boats. Repairs: deck equipments and machine costs. Costs for ensuring of safety and protection: preparation of documents, survey, checking,certification. Administrative costs: communications and postal costs, visits of the representatives of thecompany to a ship, improvement of computer systems.Exceptional peculiarity of sailing costs is that the costs is planned for each concrete sailing as itdepends on sailing conditions. Sailing costs consists of: Fuel costs. They make the biggest part of sailing costs. Fuel costs are predetermined by 2main factors: fuel price and fuel consumption. The owner of a ship cannot control the price of fuel buthe can decrease the consumption of fuel. Consumption of fuel depends on speed of a ship. Port dues – port administration, customs and other bodies collect sums of money from shipsand cargo owners for the compensation of construction costs, maintenance of port infrastructure andsuperstructure. Lighthouse, port, tonnage or ship, navigation, quay, dock, canal, river locks and cargodues are attributed to the main dues. Payment for ship agents` services. The ship covers costs for ship agent services. Thoseservices are rendered by maritime agent who is on contract relations with the owner of a ship. Payment for sailing along canals. Calculating the dues for sailing the biggest attention is paidto the size of a ship, besides, the tariffs for fully loaded ships and ships with ballast significantly differ.Ship costs at a port are connected with cargo handling at a port. The quantity of cargo and therate of cargo tariff make great impact on cargo handling costs. Not only cargo handling costs areincluded into the tariff but also cargo storage for the foreseen period. Cargo tariff rate depends on thetype of cargo, cargo handling technologies and cargo handling standard. The Cargo handling costsare: Ship costs at a port, Cargo handling costs at a port.Capital costs of a ship owner are first of all connected with the acquisition of a ship: ship purchasing costs; ship maintenance costs.Capital ship costs depend on the value of a ship and the way of acquisition. When a ship waspurchased using commercial bank credit, capital costs depends on the amount of a loan, loanconditions, type and term of loan repayment, interest payment and type of currency. During shipexploitation period capital costs are covered via amortization instalment system.139