iAPX 286 Operating System Writers Guide 1983

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Intel Corporation makes no warranty for the use of its products and assumes no responsibility for any errors which may·appear in this document nor does it make a commitment to update the information contained herein.Intel retains the right to make changes to these specifications at any time, without notice.Contact your local sales office to obtain the latest specifications before placing your order.The following are trademarks of Intel Corporation and may only be used to identify Intel Products:BXp, CREDIT, i, ICE, 1 2 1CE, ICS, iDBP, iDIS, iLBX, im, iMMX,Insite, INTEL, intel, Intelevision, Intellec, inteligent Identifier'",intelBOS, inteligent Programming'", Intellink, iOSP, iPDS,iRMS, iSBC, iSBX, iSDM, iSXM, Library Manager, MCS,Megachassis, Micromainframe, MULTIBUS, Multichannel'"Plug-A-Bubble, MULTI MODULE, PROMPT, Ripplemode,RMX/80, RUPI, System 2000, and UPI, and the combination ofICE, iCS, iRMX, iSBC, MCS, or UPI and a numerical suffix.MDS is an ordering code only and is not used as a product name or trademark. MDS® is a registered trademark ofMohawk Data Sciences Corporation .• MULTIBUS is a patented Intel bus.Additional copies of this manual or other Intel literature may be obtained from:Intel CorporationLiterature Department3065 Bowers AvenueSanta Clara, CA 95051if' INTEL CORPORATION, 1983ii
PREFACEThis book is written for systems designers and operating system designers and programmers who planto use the Intel iAPX 286 microprocessor in its protected, virtual-address mode. The protected-modeiAPX 286 is designed for multitasking systems: systems that serve many users or that simultaneouslyrun several programs.This book analyzes operating system functions that are appropriate for the iAPX 286 when used in avariety of multitasking applications, including• Communications, such as automated PBXs• Real-time, such as instrumentation or process control• Multi-user, such as time-sharing or office systemsMany of the features of the iAPX 286 are intended for use by an operating system. This book identifiesand explains those features and gives examples of how they can be used in an operating system.AUDIENCEThis book assumes that you have a knowledge of multitasking operating systems at least equivalent tothat presented in introductory undergraduate textbooks on the subject. It also assumes that you havehad some exposure to the architecture of the iAPX 286 through attending an introductory course orreading introductory literature such as Introduction to the iAPX 286.RELATED PUBLICATIONSIntel LiteratureThe following manuals contain additional information of use to operating-system designers andprogrammers:• ASM286 Assembly Language Reference Manual, 121924Component Data Catalog, 210298• iAPX 286 Architecture Extension Kernel (K286) User's Guide, 121961• iAPX 286 Programmer's Reference Manual, 210498• iAPX 286 System Builder User's GUide, 121935• iAPX 286 Utilities User's GUide, 121934• iAPX 286/10 High Performance Microprocessor with Memory Management and Protection (DataSheet),210253• Introduction to the iAPX 286,210308• PL/M-286 User's Guide, 121945iii 121960·001
Page 2 and 3: LITERATUREIn addition to the produc
Page 6 and 7: PREFACEExternal LiteratureMany aspe
Page 8: Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1PageINTRO
Page 11 and 12: TABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER 9PageVIRTU
Page 13 and 14: TABLE OF CONTENTSLIST OF FIGURESFig
Page 15: Introduction to Protected 1Multitas
Page 18 and 19: INTRODUCTION TO PROTECTED MULTITASK
Page 20 and 21: inter INTRODUCTION TO PROTECTED MUL
Page 22 and 23: 111'eI INTRODUCTION TO PROTECTED MU
Page 29: Using Hardware2Protection Features
Page 32 and 33: USING HARDWARE PROTECTION,FEATURESs
Page 34 and 35: interUSING HARDWARE PROTECTION FEAT
Page 36 and 37: USING HARDWARE PROTECTION FEATURES(
Page 38 and 39: USING HARDWARE PROTECTION FEATURES
Page 40 and 41: USING HARDWARE PROTECTION FEATUREST
Page 42 and 43: USING HARDWARE PROTECTION FEATURESo
Page 44 and 45: USING HARDWARE PROTECTION FEATURESL
Page 46 and 47: USING HARDWARE PROTECTION FEATUREST
Page 48 and 49: USING HARDWARE PROTECTION FEATURESE
Page 50 and 51: inl:el~USING HARDWARE PROTECTION FE
Page 52 and 53: IntelUSING HARDWARE PROTECTION FEAT
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IntelU~ING HARDWARE PROTECTION FEAT
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lSLDTFORMATRt;;SERV~~"O~iA~~.~ijij
Page 59 and 60:
CHAPTER 3REAL MEMORY MANAGEMENTIn d
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REAL MEMORY MANAGEMENTIALLOCATEGATE
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interREAL MEMORY MANAGEMENTBEFOREAF
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REAL MEMORY MANAGEMENTGLOBAL DESCRI
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REAL MEMORY MANAGEMENTTable 3-1. Ac
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REAL MEMORY MANAGEMENTBEFOREI "FREE
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REAL MEMORY MANAGEMENTBEFOREI "FREE
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REAL MEMORY MANAGEMENTPL/M-286 COMP
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IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
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II I telTASK MANAGEMENTCPUTASK REGI
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TASK MANAGEMENTIf the proc~sser, wh
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TASK MANAGEMENTUsually, termination
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TASK MANAGEMENTTASK XTSS TSS TSS TS
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TASK MANAGEMENTSCHEDULING POLICIEST
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TASK MANAGEMENTThe example in figur
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TASK MANAGEMENTREADY QUEUESBY PRIOR
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IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
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CHAPTER 5DATA SHARING, ALIASING, AN
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DATA SHARING, ALIASING, AND SYNCHRO
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interDATA SHARING, ALIASING, AND SV
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Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
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CHAPTER 6SIGNALS AND INTERRUPTSInte
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interSIGNALS AND INTERRUPTSlOTGOTTS
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SIGNALS AND INTERRUPTSTable 6-1. In
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SIGNALS AND INTERRUPTSSend interrup
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SIGNALS AND INTERRUPTSprocedure suc
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Handling Exception Conditions 7
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HANDLING EXCEPTION CONDITIONSError
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HANDLING EXCEPTION CONDITIONSAn exc
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HANDLING EXCEPTION CONDITIONSA few
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HANDLING EXCEPTION CONDITIONSAn ins
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CHAPTER 8INPUT /OUTPUTMany of the c
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INPUT /OUTPUTYou can still take adv
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INPUT /OUTPUT• Only the operating
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INPUT /OUTPUTtask the I/0 procedure
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CHAPTER 9VIRTUAL MEMORYThe memory l
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VIRTUAL MEMORYthose segments that a
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VIRTUAL MEMORY• Return the RAM sp
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VIRTUAL MEMORYReplacementThe operat
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System Initialization10
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CHAPTER 10SYSTEM INITIALIZATIONThe
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SYSTEM INITIALIZATIONStarting the f
Page 167 and 168:
iAPX286 "ACRO ASSEMBLERLOCOBJEnter
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iAPX286 MACRO ASSEMBLEtEnter Protec
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iAPX286 MACRO ASSEMBLER·· Enter ~
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iAPX286 'UCRO USE148LER Ente,. P,.o
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iAPX286 MACRO ASSEMBLEREnt9~ P~otec
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iAPX286 MACRO ASSEMBLE~ INITIAL TAS
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CHAPTER 11BINDING AND LOADINGBindin
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BINDING AND LOADINGNamingThe names
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BINDING AND LOADING$ COMPACT (NUCLE
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interBINDING AND LOADINGsystem-IDiA
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BIND.ING AND LOADINGConverting a Pr
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BINDING AND LOADINGThe OMF of each
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interBINDING AND LOADINGsystem-IDiA
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BINDING AND LOADINGPL/M-2B6 COMPILE
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BINDING AND LOADI.NGPL/M-286 COMPIL
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BINDING AND LOADINGPL/M-286 COMPILE
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BINDING AND LOADINGPL/M-2B6 COMPILE
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BINDING AND LOAD.INGPL/M-286 COMPIL
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interBINDING AND LOADINGPL/M-286 CO
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BINDING AND LOADINGPL/M-286 COMPILE
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Numerics Processor Extension 12
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NUMERICS PROCESSOR EXTENSIONMath Pr
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interNUMERICS PROCESSOR EXTENSION
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Extended Protection13
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EXTENDED PROTECTIONIndirect NamingT
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EXTENDED PROTECTIONanother procedur
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Glossary
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GLOSSARYbootloadable module: a modu
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GLOSSARYexception: a processor-dete
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GLOSSARYintersegment reference: a r
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GLOSSARYoutward call: the attempt t
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GLOSSARYscheduling state: one of se
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GLOSSARYvirtual address: an address
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INDEXES register, 2-17, 2-18, 2-21,
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INDEXpresent bit, 2-2, 2-3, 2-9, 5-
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interu.s. SALES OFFICESALAIWIA IlEQ
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interu.s. DISTRIBUTORSNEW YORK (C"n
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intJINTEL INTERNATIONAL SALES OFFIC
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iAPX 286 Operating System Writers Guide 1983

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