iAPX 286 Operating System Writers Guide 1983

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intJINTEL EUROPEAN SALES OFFICESBELGIUMIntel Corporation S.A.Pare SenyRue du Moulin a Papier 51Boite 1B·1160 BrusselsTel: (02) 6610711TELEX: 24814DENMARKIntel Denmark A/S'Lyngbyvej 32F 2nd FloorDK·2100 Copenhagen EastTel: (01) 18 20 00TELEX: 19567FINLANDIntel Finland OYHameentie 103SF • 00550 Helsinki 55Tel: 0/716 955TELEX: 123332FRANCEIntel Corporation, S.A.A.L."S Place de 18 BalanceSllie 22394528 Rungis Cede.Tel: (01) 687 22 21TELEX: 270475Intel Corporation, S.A.R.LImmeuble BBC4 Qua. des Etroits69005 LyonTel: (7) 642 40 89TELEX: 305153WEST GERMANYIntel Semiconductor GmbH"Seidlstrasse 270·8000 Muenchen 2Tel: (89) 53891TELEX: 05·23177INTL 0Intel Semicooouctor GmbH"Mainler Straase 750·6200 Wiesbaden 1Tel: (6121) 70 08 74TELEX: 04186183INTW 0Intel Semiconductor GmbHBrueckstrasse 617012 FellbachWest GermanyTel: (711) 5800 82TELEX: 7254826 tNTS 0Inlel Semlconduclor GmbH"Hohenzollern Sirasse 5-3000 Hannover 1T8I:(511)344081TELEX: 923625 INTH 0Intel SemiCOnductor GmbHOber-Ratherslrasse 20-4000 Dusseldorf 30Tel:(211)651054TELEX: 08-58977 INTL 0ISRAELIntel Semiconductor Ltd:P.O. Box 1659HaifaTel: 4/524 261TEL.EX: 46511ITALYIntel Corporation ltalla Spa·Milanofiori. Palazzo E20094 Assago (Milano)Tel: (02)824 00 06TELEX: 315183 INTMllNETHERLANDSIntel SemiConductor Nederland B.V:Alexanderpoort BuildingMarten Meesweg 933068 RotterdamTel: (10)21 33 77TELEX: 22283NORWAYIntel Norway AJSP.O. Box 92Hvamvelen 4N-2013SkjettenTel: (2) 742 420TELEX: 18018SWEDENIntel Sweden A.B.·Box 20092Arcnimedesvagen 5S-1612O BrommaTel: (08) 98 53 85TELEX: 12261SWITZERLANDInlel Semiconduct~r A.G:Forchslrasse 95CH 8032 ZurichTel: (01) 55 45 02TELEX: 57989 ICH CHUNITED KINGDOMIntel Corporation (U.K.) Ltd.S Hospital StreetNantwich, Cheshire CW5 5RETel: (0270) 626 560TELEX: 36620Intel Corporation (U.K.) Ltd:Pipers WaySWindon. Wiltshire SN3 1 RJTel: (0793) 488.388TELEX: 444447 INT SWN-Field Application LocationEUROPEAN DISTRIBUTORS/REPRESENTATIVESAUSTRIA WEST GERMANY NETHERLANDS SWITZERLANDBacher Elektronische Geraete GmbH Electronic 2000 Vertriebs A.G. Koning & Hartman :nduslrade AGRotemuehlgasse 26 Neumarkter Slrasse 75 Koperwerf 30 Gemsenstrasse 2A 1120 Vienna 0-8000 MUnictl 80 P.O. Box 43220 Postcheck 80 - 21190Tel: (222) 83 63 96 Tel: (89) 43 40 61 2544 EN 's Gravenhage CH·8021 Zurich'tELEX: 11532 BASAT A TELEX: 522561 EIEC 0 Tel: 31 (70) 210.101 Tel: (01) 363 23 20BELGIUM Jermyn GmbH TELEX: 31528 TELEX: 56788 INOEL CHInelCo Belgium SA Postfach 1180 NORWAY UNITED KINQDOMAve. des Croix de Guerre 94 Schulslrasse 48Nordisk Elektronic (Norge) AlSBytech Ltd.B1120 Brussels0-6277 Bad Cam bergTel: (06434) 231PostofftCe Box 122 Unit 57Tel: (02) 216 01 60TELEX: 484426 JERM 0 Smedsvingen 4 London RoadTELEX: 25441 1364 Hvalstad Earley, ReadingCeldis Enalechnik <strong>System</strong>s GmbHDENMARKTel: (2) 786 210 BerkshireSchillerstrasse 14 TELEX: 16963 Tel: (0734) 61031MulUKomponent AIS 0-2085 Ouickoorn-Hamburg TELEX: 848215Fabriksparken 31 Tel: (4106) 6121 PORTUQALOK-26QO Gloskrup TELEX: 213590 ENA 0 OitramComway Microsystems Ltd.Tel: (02) 45 66 45 Proelectron Vertriebs GmbH Componentes E Electronica LOA Markel StreetTX: 33355 Max Planck Strasse 1-3 Av. Miguel Bombarda. 133 UK-Bracknell, BerkshireScandinavian Semiconductor 6072 OreieiCh bei Frankfurt Pl000 Usboa Tel: 44 (344) 55333Supply AIS Tel: (6103) 33564 Tel: (19) 545 313 TELEX; 847201Nannasgade 18 TELEX: 417983 TELEX; 14182 Briel
intJINTEL INTERNATIONAL SALES OFFICESAUITRALIAIntel Semiconductor Ply. Ltd.:=~icB=~.y...... ,Crows Nelt, HSW, 20"Au,lrallaT,I: 011-81-2-436-2744TELEX: 790-20097HONGICONGIntel Semiconductor corp.99-105 Des Voeux Rct, Centraf18F, Untl BHong Kongrei: 011·852·5-499-432TELEX: 53889JAPANIntel Japan K.K.5-8 Tokodal, Toyoeato-machl'~~~~~~~~rIIkl-k1ln 300-28TELEX: 03&58-160Inlll JIPI" K.K.2·,-15 NakII-m1Ch1Atlugi. Kanagewa 243Tel: 0482-23-3511Intel Japan K.K.·2·51-2 KoJlma-cnoi:'~~3~~Intel Japan K.K.2-69 Hon-cho~~:f:l~2~:attr,a 380Intel Japan K.K."2,",,-' TarauenlTayonaka. Osaka 580Tel: 06-863-1091Intel Japan K.K1-5·1 MarunouchiCtllyOCI.ku. Toqro 100T .. : 03-201-382113681Intel Japan K.K.·1-23-9 ShinmachiSetagaya-ku. Tokyo 154Tel: 03-426-22311427-8845'Field AppUcatlon LocationINTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS/REPRESENTATIVESAlIcwmNAVLC S.A.L.Sarmiento 1630 Pisc(1042) Buenos Air ..Ttl: 35-1202J8242TELEX: Public Booth 9900 or 9901MailIng AddrenSoimell. International CorporetIon15 Park Row, Room #1730New York, New York 10038(2'2)_Attn: OaalOn BriOn ••AUSTRALIATotal EJectronlcs9 Harker StreetBurwoaoVictoria 3125Tel: 61 3288-4044TELEX: M 31261MailingACIdreU:=~=a3125AustraliaTotal ENtctronics., Johnstone LIneLIne Cove, N.S.W. 2066TELEX: 26297BRAZILICOIron S.A.05110 Av. Mutlnga3650·6 AndalPiriluba Sao PauloTel: 281-0211TELEX: 1122214/ICOTBRCHILEDINAV. VIC MCKENNA 204Clsil&l6055SantiagoTel: 227 564TELEX: 352003COLOMBIAInternational Computer MachinesCarrera 7 No. 72.a4Apdo. Aereo 19403Bogota 1Tel: 211·7282TELEX: 45716 ICM CO.HONGKDNOSchmictl a Co. lid.Wing on Centre, 28th Floort 11 COMlUghl Road CentralTtl: 5455-844TELEX: 74766 $CHMC HXINDIAMicroniC DeviCeS104I109C, Nlrmallndustrlal EstateSloo(E)Bombay 400022Tel: 486-170TELEX: 011-71447 MOEV INJAPANAuhl Electronics Co. Ltd.KMM Bldg. Room 4072-14-1 Asano, KokuraKita·Ku, KitakyuShu City 802Tel: (093)511-6471TELEX: AECKY 7126-16Ham~ton-Avnet Electronics Japan Ltd.YU and YOU Bldg. 1-4 Horidome-ChoNlhonbashl Chuo·Ku, Tokyo 103Tel: (03)662-9911TELEX: 2523774Ryoyo Electric Corp.Konwa Bldg.'-12-22, TsukijlChuo·Ku. Tokyo 104Tel: (03) 543-7711Tokyo Electron Ltd.Shin Juku, Nomura Bldg.2&-2 Nlsht-Shln Juku-IchomeShin Juku-Ku, Tokyo 160Tel. (03) 343-4411TELEX: 232-2220 LABTEL JKOREAKaram DigitalRoom 909 Woonam Bldg.7, 1-KA Bongr8·0ongChung·Ku Seoul 100Tel: 2-753-8123TELEX: K25299 KOOIGITNEW ZEALANDMclean Information Technology ltd.459 Kyber Pass Road, Newmarket,'P.O. Box 9464, NewmarketAuCkland I, New ZealandTel: 501-801, 501-219,587-037TELEX: NZ21570 THERMALSINGAPOREGeneral Engineers Corporation Ply. Lid.Block 3, Units 1003-1008. 10th FloorP.S.A. Multi-Storey ComplexTELOK BLANGAH/Paslr PenJang RoadSingapol8 0511Tel: 271·3187TELEX: RS23987 GENERCOSOUTH AFRICAElectronic BuHdlng Elements, Ply. ltd.P.O. Box 4809Hazelwood, Pretoria 0001Tel: 011·27-12 .... 8-9221 or 9227TELEX: 3-0181 SATAIWANTaiwan Automation Corp"3d Floor #75, Section 4Nanking East RoadTaipeiTel: 711-0940TELEX: 11942 TAIAUTOYUQOSLAVIAH. R. Microelectronics EnterprisesP.O. Box 5604San Jose, California 95150Tel: (408)978-8000TELEX: 278-559'Field AppliCation LocatiOn
Page 2 and 3:
LITERATUREIn addition to the produc
Page 4 and 5:
Intel Corporation makes no warranty
Page 6 and 7:
PREFACEExternal LiteratureMany aspe
Page 8:
Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1PageINTRO
Page 11 and 12:
TABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER 9PageVIRTU
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TABLE OF CONTENTSLIST OF FIGURESFig
Page 15:
Introduction to Protected 1Multitas
Page 18 and 19:
INTRODUCTION TO PROTECTED MULTITASK
Page 20 and 21:
inter INTRODUCTION TO PROTECTED MUL
Page 22 and 23:
111'eI INTRODUCTION TO PROTECTED MU
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 29:
Using Hardware2Protection Features
Page 32 and 33:
USING HARDWARE PROTECTION,FEATURESs
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interUSING HARDWARE PROTECTION FEAT
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USING HARDWARE PROTECTION FEATURES(
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USING HARDWARE PROTECTION FEATURES
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USING HARDWARE PROTECTION FEATUREST
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USING HARDWARE PROTECTION FEATURESo
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USING HARDWARE PROTECTION FEATURESL
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USING HARDWARE PROTECTION FEATUREST
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USING HARDWARE PROTECTION FEATURESE
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inl:el~USING HARDWARE PROTECTION FE
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IntelUSING HARDWARE PROTECTION FEAT
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IntelU~ING HARDWARE PROTECTION FEAT
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lSLDTFORMATRt;;SERV~~"O~iA~~.~ijij
Page 59 and 60:
CHAPTER 3REAL MEMORY MANAGEMENTIn d
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REAL MEMORY MANAGEMENTIALLOCATEGATE
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interREAL MEMORY MANAGEMENTBEFOREAF
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REAL MEMORY MANAGEMENTGLOBAL DESCRI
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REAL MEMORY MANAGEMENTTable 3-1. Ac
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REAL MEMORY MANAGEMENTBEFOREI "FREE
Page 71 and 72:
REAL MEMORY MANAGEMENTBEFOREI "FREE
Page 73 and 74:
REAL MEMORY MANAGEMENTPL/M-286 COMP
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Page 77 and 78:
Page 79:
Page 82 and 83:
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
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II I telTASK MANAGEMENTCPUTASK REGI
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TASK MANAGEMENTIf the proc~sser, wh
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TASK MANAGEMENTUsually, termination
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TASK MANAGEMENTTASK XTSS TSS TSS TS
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TASK MANAGEMENTSCHEDULING POLICIEST
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TASK MANAGEMENTThe example in figur
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TASK MANAGEMENTREADY QUEUESBY PRIOR
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IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
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CHAPTER 5DATA SHARING, ALIASING, AN
Page 103 and 104:
DATA SHARING, ALIASING, AND SYNCHRO
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interDATA SHARING, ALIASING, AND SV
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Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117:
Page 121 and 122:
CHAPTER 6SIGNALS AND INTERRUPTSInte
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interSIGNALS AND INTERRUPTSlOTGOTTS
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SIGNALS AND INTERRUPTSTable 6-1. In
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SIGNALS AND INTERRUPTSSend interrup
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SIGNALS AND INTERRUPTSprocedure suc
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Handling Exception Conditions 7
Page 134 and 135:
HANDLING EXCEPTION CONDITIONSError
Page 136 and 137:
HANDLING EXCEPTION CONDITIONSAn exc
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HANDLING EXCEPTION CONDITIONSA few
Page 140 and 141:
HANDLING EXCEPTION CONDITIONSAn ins
Page 143 and 144:
CHAPTER 8INPUT /OUTPUTMany of the c
Page 145 and 146:
INPUT /OUTPUTYou can still take adv
Page 147 and 148:
INPUT /OUTPUT• Only the operating
Page 149:
INPUT /OUTPUTtask the I/0 procedure
Page 153 and 154:
CHAPTER 9VIRTUAL MEMORYThe memory l
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VIRTUAL MEMORYthose segments that a
Page 157 and 158:
VIRTUAL MEMORY• Return the RAM sp
Page 159 and 160:
VIRTUAL MEMORYReplacementThe operat
Page 161 and 162:
System Initialization10
Page 163 and 164:
CHAPTER 10SYSTEM INITIALIZATIONThe
Page 165 and 166:
SYSTEM INITIALIZATIONStarting the f
Page 167 and 168:
iAPX286 "ACRO ASSEMBLERLOCOBJEnter
Page 169 and 170:
iAPX286 MACRO ASSEMBLEtEnter Protec
Page 171 and 172:
iAPX286 MACRO ASSEMBLER·· Enter ~
Page 173 and 174:
iAPX286 'UCRO USE148LER Ente,. P,.o
Page 175 and 176:
iAPX286 MACRO ASSEMBLEREnt9~ P~otec
Page 177:
iAPX286 MACRO ASSEMBLE~ INITIAL TAS
Page 181 and 182:
CHAPTER 11BINDING AND LOADINGBindin
Page 183 and 184:
BINDING AND LOADINGNamingThe names
Page 185 and 186:
BINDING AND LOADING$ COMPACT (NUCLE
Page 187 and 188:
interBINDING AND LOADINGsystem-IDiA
Page 189 and 190:
BIND.ING AND LOADINGConverting a Pr
Page 191 and 192:
BINDING AND LOADINGThe OMF of each
Page 193 and 194:
interBINDING AND LOADINGsystem-IDiA
Page 195 and 196:
BINDING AND LOADINGPL/M-2B6 COMPILE
Page 197 and 198: BINDING AND LOADI.NGPL/M-286 COMPIL
Page 199 and 200: BINDING AND LOADINGPL/M-286 COMPILE
Page 201 and 202: BINDING AND LOADINGPL/M-2B6 COMPILE
Page 203 and 204: BINDING AND LOAD.INGPL/M-286 COMPIL
Page 205 and 206: interBINDING AND LOADINGPL/M-286 CO
Page 207 and 208: BINDING AND LOADINGPL/M-286 COMPILE
Page 209: Numerics Processor Extension 12
Page 212 and 213: NUMERICS PROCESSOR EXTENSIONMath Pr
Page 214 and 215: interNUMERICS PROCESSOR EXTENSION
Page 217: Extended Protection13
Page 220 and 221: EXTENDED PROTECTIONIndirect NamingT
Page 222 and 223: EXTENDED PROTECTIONanother procedur
Page 225: Glossary
Page 228 and 229: GLOSSARYbootloadable module: a modu
Page 230 and 231: GLOSSARYexception: a processor-dete
Page 232 and 233: GLOSSARYintersegment reference: a r
Page 234 and 235: GLOSSARYoutward call: the attempt t
Page 236 and 237: GLOSSARYscheduling state: one of se
Page 238 and 239: GLOSSARYvirtual address: an address
Page 240 and 241: INDEXES register, 2-17, 2-18, 2-21,
Page 242 and 243: INDEXpresent bit, 2-2, 2-3, 2-9, 5-
Page 245 and 246: interu.s. SALES OFFICESALAIWIA IlEQ
Page 247: interu.s. DISTRIBUTORSNEW YORK (C"n
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iAPX 286 Operating System Writers Guide 1983

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