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4 THE DOCTRINE OF MAYArelation to its historical development. This willfurnish an insight into the Doctrine of Maya itself,which has always been a crux to the student ofphilosophy. In treating of the word we shallproceed chronologically, and trace the developmentof its meaning down to the times of Sankara, whenitacquired a rigid and technical sense, which survives even to-day.Bothlingk and Roth (in St. Petersburg Dictionary] give the following different meanings of theword :Kunst, ausserordentliches Vermogen, Wunderkraft,Kunstgriff, List, Anschlag, Trug, Gaukelei,ein kiinstliches Gebilde, Trugbild, Blendwerk,Tauschung. Now these do not help us much bytheir mere juxtaposition.In order to be free fromthe fault of false analogy and hasty etymologizingwe shall proceed inductively and we now begin;to view the meanings in connexion with the contextinwhich the word occurs.Geldner * assigns the following meanings to theword as it occurs in the Rgveda and the A.V. : (i)Verwandlung, angenommene Gestalt ;die Kunst,sich und andere zu verwandeln, Verzauberung,Zauberkraft, Zauberkunst, die Macht Wunder zutun, Allwissenheit ; Betrug, List, Schlauheit ; (2)Illusion, Tauschung, Schein, Erdichtung ; (3) derin das Verborgene eindringende Geist, Phantasie.1Karl F. Geldner, Der Rigveda in Auswahl, Stuttgart,1907.
"""""""""""HISTORY OF THE WORD "MAYA"5Uhlenbeck 1 also takes it to mean Wunderkraft,Trug, Trugbild. Grassmann 2 (after referringit tothe root ma =man, vgl. mdti, Grk. ^ris) givesthe equivalents: iibermenschliche Weisheit oderList, gottliche Kunst oder Zauber-Kunst, Zauberbild,Trugbild.Following Bohtlingk and Roth, Monier Williams 3also says that the meanings of "art,"wisdom,"extraordinary or supernatural power are onlyfound in the earlier :language but when he addsthat in R.V. the word also meansunillusion,"reality," "deception," "fraud," "trick," "sorcery," witchcraft,"he magic," is not accurate,and is using these words loosely. Some shade ofthese is of course in R.V., and their further development is noticed in A.V., but to say that all theseare found in R.V. is not correct, but a hasty anderroneous generalization.The Nighantu, which is one of the earliest collections of Vedic homonyms, mentionsmay aone of the eleven names of prajna (intelligence). 4The great commentator on the Nighantu, Yaska, 5as1Uhlenbeck, Etymologisches Wdrterbuch der AltindischenSprache, Amsterdam, 189899.2Grassmann, Wdrterbuch zum Rig-Veda.3Monier Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, newedition, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1899, p. 811.4Nighantu, vol. i. of Bibl. Ind. ed. Calcutta, 1882 ;see p. 324, ch. iii. sec. 9. Cf. Roth s ed. Gottingen, 1852 ;iii. 9 (p. 19).6See The Nirukta, Bibl. Ind. ed., vol. ii., published 1885,
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Page 20 and 21: ""xivCONTENTSPAGEkya s Id
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("Vivarta6oTHE DOCTRINE OF MAY
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92 THE DOCTRINE OF MAYAeffect of dk
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96 THE DOCTRINE OF MAYAand meaning?
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CHAPTER IIIOBJECTIONS TO THE DOCTRI
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OBJECTIONS WITHIN THE VEDANTA 121Va
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OBJECTIONS WITHIN THE VEDANTA 137pu
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PLEASE DO NOT REMOVECARDS OR SLIPSF
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