Safeguarding the Future of US Agriculture - Global Crop Diversity Trust

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Genebanks Around The Worldbox 1THE FAO estimates thatroughly 1,460 genebanksworldwide togethermaintain more than 5.4million samples. Most aregovernment-operated.Below is a brief look at theholdings in some of theworld’s major genebanks,including: 11 internationalgenebanks coordinated bythe Consultative Group onInternational AgriculturalResearch (CGIAR); 15major national genebanks;and 5 major regionalgenebanks. (For a detailedprofile of the US NationalPlant Germplasm Systemsee Box 5)CGIAR Collections*The CGIAR is a strategicalliance of countries,international and regionalorganizations, and privatefoundations supporting 15international agriculturalcenters, which work withnational agriculturalresearch systems, civilsociety organizations, andthe private sector. TheCGIAR’s mission is toachieve sustainable foodsecurity and reduce povertyin developing countriesthrough scientific researchand related activities in thefields of agriculture,forestry, fisheries, policy,and environment. CGIARgenebanks hold theiraccessions in-trust for theworld community based onagreements with the FAO.CENTER CROP NUMBER OF ACCESSIONSInternational Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cassava 5,728Cali, Colombia Forages 18,138Bean 31,718International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center Maize 20,411(CIMMYT), Mexico Wheat 95,113International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru Andean Roots & Tubers 1,112Sweet Potato 6,413Potato 5,057International Center for Agriculture in the Dry Barley 24,218Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria Chickpea 9,116Faba Bean 9,074Wheat 30,270Forages 24,581Lentil 7,827International Crops Research Institute for the Chickpea 16,961Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India Groundnut 14,357Pearl Millet 21,250Pigeonpea 12,698Sorghum 35,780Minor Millets 9,050International Institute for Tropical Agriculture Bambara groundnut 2,029(IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria Cassava 2,158Cowpea 15,001Soybean 1,909Wild Vigna 1,634Yam 2,878International Livestock Research Institute Forages 11,537(ILRI), Nairobi, KenyaInternational Plant Genetic Resources Institute Musa 931(IPGRI) Maccarese, ItalyInternational Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Rice 80,617Los Banos, PhilippinesAfrica Rice Center (WARDA) Cotonou, Benin Rice 14,917World Agroforesty Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi, Sesbania 25Kenya*Source: CGIARTOTAL 532,508SAFEGUARDING THE FUTURE OF U.S. AGRICULTURE 3
ox 1 (cont.)Major National Collections, 1996*COUNTRY AND INSTITUTENUMBER OF ACCESSIONSUSA, National Plant Germplasm System (2005 data) 462,543China, Institute of Crop Germplasm 300,000Russian Federation, VIR (N.I. Vavilov Institute) 177,680Japan, National Institute of Agrobiological Resources 146,091India, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources 144,109Korea, Rural Development Association 115,639Germany, Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research 103,000Brazil, National Center for Genetic Resources 60,000Canada, Plant Genetic Resources Center 100,000Germany, Federal Research Center of Agriculture 57,000Italy, Institute of Germplasm 55,806Ethiopia, Biodiversity Institute 54,000Hungary, Institute for Agrobotany 45,833Poland, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute 44,883Philippines, National Plant Genetic Resources Laboratory 32,446*Source: FAOMajor Regional Collections, 1996*CENTERNUMBER OF ACCESSIONSAsian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Taiwan Province 37,618Center for Tropical Agricultural Research, Costa Rica 35,056Nordic Gene Bank, Sweden 27,308Southern African Development Community-Plant Genetic Resources 5,054Center, Zambia*Source: FAOnon-native crops adapted to their own growing conditions. Today, as the UnitedStates continues to provide leadership in an international effort to spurdevelopment and tackle poverty and disease, the role of a healthful, stable andaffordable food supply is abundantly clear. With the world population expected toreach 9.8 billion by 2050, the FAO projects that world food production will needto increase 75 percent in the same time frame. Conserving collections of cropdiversity is needed to secure the very base of the food supply.It is in the domestic and foreign policy interests of the United States—andconsonant with American values—to support collections of crop diversity, both4 INTRODUCTION
Page 1 and 2: Safeguarding the Futureof U.S. Agri
Page 3 and 4: This report is published by the Uni
Page 5 and 6: © CIATThe internationalgenebank at
Page 7 and 8: crop disease in the United States m
Page 9 and 10: war Afghanistan and Iraq, just as t
Page 11 and 12: Soybeans are growntoday on more tha
Page 13: © USDA-ARSThe National Center forG
Page 17 and 18: © USDA-ARS, Scott BauerThe strawbe
Page 19 and 20: can only be done with access to gen
Page 21 and 22: © E. Fouré, INIBAPA major threat
Page 23 and 24: cause a devastating stalk rot. The
Page 25 and 26: Plant scientists with the USDA and
Page 27 and 28: Apple scab (caused by Venturia inae
Page 29 and 30: unavailable. Control of aphids has
Page 31 and 32: © USDA-ARS, Keith WellerFoods like
Page 33 and 34: YES, We Have Bananas, and Plaintain
Page 35 and 36: Seminis Seeds: Breeding Healthbox 3
Page 37 and 38: © IPGRI, Amanda KingProviding poor
Page 39 and 40: © FAO, P. Lowreyhandicapped by poo
Page 41 and 42: agricultural sector. When Khmer agr
Page 43 and 44: © USDA-ARS, Scott BauerA study has
Page 45 and 46: former Soviet Union and Eastern Eur
Page 47 and 48: The first was an analysis of the ec
Page 49 and 50: give more attention to plant geneti
Page 51 and 52: © IPGRIEnsuring that cropdiversity
Page 53 and 54: every year, rather than replant the
Page 55 and 56: Footnotes1234567J.L. Sherwood, J. F

Safeguarding the Future of US Agriculture - Global Crop Diversity Trust

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