White Spaces Innovation in Sweden - Innovation policy for ... - Vinnova

WHITE SPACES INNOVATION IN SWEDENFigure 5.3 Policy design using the Stacey MatrixIn summary then the mix of policy rationales – market and systemic failure – leadsto a mix of policy that covers a broad spectrum from issues of meaning and sensemakingto knowledge creation to directly influencing market transactions.5.3 Addressing grand challengesWhat is special with grand challenges?There are two different approaches to grand challenges. The first is to try to deal withthem within the prevailing paradigm of “science push”. That means a strong focus onresearch and technology. The other is to see grand challenges as a type of social problemsthat require not only new technologies but also social innovation and a systemicapproach in addressing them.The difference between the science & technology push approach and the society pullapproach is illustrated in figure 5.4 with the case of transition to “integrated, clean andintelligent transport”. The example is taken from a presentation by Jan Rotmans, (Rotmans2002). The point to be made is that even though the society pull approach is declaredthe way to go it is very easy to still be a victim of the science and technologypush thinking that has been used for a long time. The arrows in figure 5.4 representchange within regimes – staying in the same valley in terms of orthogenetic landscapeand the term Rotmans use for this is system optimization constrained by the regime´sattractor.Change of regimes requires a bundle of activities that influence the environment orthe policy landscape. The difference between approaches is shown in figure 5.4 to bethe level of integration of steps taken and the amount of behavioural change associated103