Materials for pharmaceutical plant construction: Factors affecting the selection ofa material for pharmaceutical plant, ferrous metals (i.e. cast iron, steel <strong>and</strong> stainlesssteels), nonferrous metals (i.e. Copper <strong>and</strong> its alloys, aluminum, tin sliver, nickel <strong>and</strong>alloys), nonmetals i.e. glass, slate, asbestos, rubber, plastics <strong>and</strong> timber.Industrial hazards <strong>and</strong> safety precautions: Mechanical-chemical-electrical-firedusthazards, safety requirements, accident records etc.Note: Instruction for Examiner:The Semester examination in each theory subject shall be of 50 marks. The examiner will setnine questions. Student will attempt five questions. First question would be of short answertype question covering all four Units (2.5 Marks per Unit) & it would be compulsory. Twoquestions will be set from each unit & out of which c<strong>and</strong>idate will attempt one question. EachQuestion shall be of 10 marks.Suggested Readings (Latest Editions):1. Cooper <strong>and</strong> Gunns, “Tutorial Pharmacy”, Delhi: CBS Publishers.2. H. A. Liberman <strong>and</strong> J L Kanig, Leon Lachman, “The Theory <strong>and</strong> Practice of IndustrialPharmacy”, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.3. Bentley, “Textbook of Pharmaceutics”, ELBS Bacilliere Tindall.4. W. L. Badger <strong>and</strong> J T Banchero, “Introduction to Chemical Engineering”, London:McGraw Hill International Book Co.5. W. L. MaCabe <strong>and</strong> J C Smith, “Unit operations of Chemical Engineering”, London:McGraw Hill International Book Co.6. R. H. Perry <strong>and</strong> C H Chilton, “Chemical Engineers H<strong>and</strong>book”, London: McGraw Hill<strong>and</strong> Co.78
Paper Code: BPL-305Pharmaceutics-VII (Physical Pharmacy)L -- T -- P Total Credits: 044 -- -- Total Marks: 100External Marks: 50Internal Marks: 50Paper Objectives: This subject gives main emphasis on various physical phenomena thatexist behind the formulation of different dosage forms.UNIT IMicromeretics <strong>and</strong> Powder Rheology: Particle size <strong>and</strong> distribution, averageparticle size, number <strong>and</strong> weight distribution, particle number, method of determiningparticle volume, optical microscopy, sieving, sedimentation, measurement, particleshape, specific surface, methods of determining surface area, permeability,adsorption, derived properties of powders, porosity, packing arrangement, densities,bulkiness <strong>and</strong> flow properties.Matter- State <strong>and</strong> selected properties: State of matter, change in the state of matter,latent heats <strong>and</strong> vapour pressure, sublimation-critical point, eutectic mixtures, relativehumidity, liquid complexes, liquid crystals, glassy state, solid-crystalline <strong>and</strong>amorphous polymorphism.UNIT IISurface <strong>and</strong> Interfacial Phenomenon: Liquid interface, surface <strong>and</strong> interfacialtensions, surface free energy measurement of surface <strong>and</strong> interfacial tensions,spreading coefficient, adsorption at liquid interfaces, surface active agents, HLBclassification, solubilization, detergency, electric properties of interface.Viscosity <strong>and</strong> Rheology: Newtonian systems, laws of flow, kinematic viscosity,effect of temperature, non Newtonian systems, pseudoplastic, dilatent, plastic,thixotropy, thixotropy in formulation, determination of viscosity, capillary, fallingball, rotational viscometers.UNIT III Dispersion system: Colloidal dispersions: Definition, types, properties of colloids,protective colloids, applications of colloid in pharmacy. Suspensions <strong>and</strong> Emulsions: Interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling insuspensions, theory of sedimentation, effect of Brownian movement, sedimentationof flocculated particles, sedimentation parameters, wetting of particles, controlledflocculation, flocculation in structured vehicles, rheological considerations,emulsions; types, theories <strong>and</strong> physical stability. Complexation: Classification of complexes, method of preparation <strong>and</strong> analysis,application.79
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