Ion exchange <strong>and</strong> molecular sieve processes: Theory of ion exchange, types ofexchangers, ion-exchange equilibria, ion-exchange capacity, ion-exchangeseparation, applications in pharmaceutical analysis, molecular sieve separation <strong>and</strong>application.UNIT IVGas chromatography: Introduction, principles of gas chromatography, basic GLCapparatus, sample introduction, column, column efficiency, solid support, liquidphases, branches of gas chromatography, detectors, temperature effect, application ofGLC in pharmaceutical analysis.HPLC: Introduction <strong>and</strong> nomenclature, instrumentation, liquid solid chromatography,liquid liquid chromatography, exclusion chromatography, HPLC columns, solventselection in HPLC, data h<strong>and</strong>ling in HPLC, application of HPLC.Note: Instruction for Examiner:The Semester examination in each theory subject shall be of 50 marks. The examiner will setnine questions. Student will attempt five questions. First question would be of short answertype question covering all four Units (2.5 Marks per Unit) & it would be compulsory. Twoquestions will be set from each unit & out of which c<strong>and</strong>idate will attempt one question. EachQuestion shall be of 10 marks.Suggested Readings (Latest Editions):1. A. I. Vogel “Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis”, London: ELBS/Longman.2. M. Kolthoff <strong>and</strong> V. A. Stenger, “Volumetric Analysis, Vol. II TitrationMethods”, New York: Interscience Publishers, Inc.3. K. A. Connors, “A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis”, New York: WileyInterscience.4. P. D. Sethi , “HPLC”,New Delhi: CBS Publishers.5. A. H. Beckett <strong>and</strong> J. B. Stenlake, “Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vol. I <strong>and</strong>II”, London: The Athlon Press of the University of London.76
Paper Code: BPL-303 Pharmaceutics-VI (Pharmaceutical Engineering- II)L -- T -- P Total Credits: 044 -- -- Total Marks: 100External Marks: 50Internal Marks: 50Paper Objectives: By studying this subject, the students are able to underst<strong>and</strong> that howdifferent dosage forms at large scale are manufactured. This subject also deals with thevarious techniques that involved in development, commercialization <strong>and</strong> manufacturing ofcomponents within the pharmaceuticals industry.UNIT IDistillation: Raoult's law, volatility, boiling point diagrams, azeotropic mixtures,equilibrium diagrams, types of distillation, rectification, rectifying columns,downcomers, material <strong>and</strong> energy balance of a rectifying column, reflux ratio,determination of number of theory plates, H.E.T.P. <strong>and</strong> steam distillation.Extraction: Factors affecting, equipment for extraction of solids i.e. fixed beddiffusion battery, continuous diffusion battery, basket extractor, Rotocel extractor <strong>and</strong>Dorr agitator; equipment for liquid-liquid extraction i.e. extraction towers <strong>and</strong>Podbielniak extractor.UNIT IIMixing: Definition, objectives, mechanism, uniformity index, factors influencingselection of suitable mixer. Study of equipment employed for solid-solid, liquid-liquid<strong>and</strong> solid-liquid mixing. Emulsification equipment.Size separation: Screening equipment i.e. trammels, rotex <strong>and</strong> hummer; airsuspension methods i.e. air separator <strong>and</strong> cyclone separators; hydraulic separation i.e.elutriation <strong>and</strong> double cone emulsifier.UNIT IIICrystallization: Crystal forms, habit, Mier's super saturation theory, crystallizersbased on super saturation, by cooling (i.e. tank crystallizers, agitated batchcrystallizers <strong>and</strong> Swenson-Walker), adiabatic cooling (i.e. vacuum crystallizers) <strong>and</strong>evaporation (i.e. Krystal crystallizers). Material <strong>and</strong> energy balance of crystallizer.Transportation of materials:Liquids: Pumps i.e. airlift, ejector, piston plunger, egg, diaphragm, gear, screw,centrifugal <strong>and</strong> self-priming.Gases: Ejectors, compressors, fans <strong>and</strong> blowers.Solids: InTermittent <strong>and</strong> continuous methods in vertical, horizontal <strong>and</strong> inclined planeUNIT IVCorrosion <strong>and</strong> its prevention: Types of corrosion, causes of corrosion <strong>and</strong> methodfor combating corrosion.77
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