Paper Code: BPL-201 Pharmaceutics-III (Pharmaceutical Engineering-I)L -- T -- P Total Credits: 044 -- -- Total Marks: 100External Marks: 50Internal Marks: 50Paper Objectives: This subject deals with the various techniques involved in development,commercialization <strong>and</strong> manufacturing of components within the pharmaceuticals industry.UNIT IUNIT IIFlow of fluids: Introduction, mechanism of fluid flow, Reynolds number <strong>and</strong> itssignificance, Bernoulli's theorem, manometers <strong>and</strong> friction losses in pipes,measurement of flow rate using direct weighing or measuring, hydrodynamicmethods, displacement meters <strong>and</strong> dilution methods. Regulation of flow using plugcocks, globe valves, gate valves, unidirectional valves, automatic regulating valve,butterfly valve <strong>and</strong> diaphragm valve, <strong>and</strong> water hammer.Refrigeration: Principle <strong>and</strong> equipment employed for vapor compressionrefrigeration, lithium bromide absorption refrigeration <strong>and</strong> steam jet refrigeration.Applications of refrigeration in Pharmacy.Heat Transfer: Modes of heat transfer, Fourier's law, overall heat transfercoefficient, Stefan-Boltzmann’s law, single pass heater, multi pass heater, liquidliquidheat interchanger <strong>and</strong> finned tubes.Drying: Theory, behavior of solids during drying, static bed dryers, moving beddryers, fluidized bed dryer <strong>and</strong> pneumatic bed dryers.UNIT IIIUNIT IVSize reduction: Mechanism, factors influencing, energy requirements, applications inpharmacy, grinders i.e. fluid energy mill, hammer mill, ball mill <strong>and</strong> its variants,centrifugal mill, attrition mill, edge runner mill, colloid mill, squirrel cagedisintegrator, Buhrstone mill.Centrifugation: theory, industrial centrifugal filters <strong>and</strong> industrial centrifugalsedimenters.Filtration: Theory, filter aids, filter media, industrial filters i.e. s<strong>and</strong> filter, washing<strong>and</strong> non-washing type filter presses, rotary drum filter, leaf filters, edge filter.Evaporation: Factors affecting evaporation, natural circulation evaporators e.g.evaporating pan, evaporating still, horizontal <strong>and</strong> vertical tube evaporators, forcedcirculation evaporators, film evaporators, multiple effect evaporation, material <strong>and</strong>energy balance of evaporators. Humidification, dehumidification <strong>and</strong> air conditioning: Principles ofHumidification, dehumidification <strong>and</strong> air conditioning, psychrometry, humidity46
measurement, large-scale equipment for humidification <strong>and</strong> dehumidification, coolingtowers.Note: Instruction for Examiner:The Semester examination in each theory subject shall be of 50 marks. The examiner will setnine questions. Student will attempt five questions. First question would be of short answertype question covering all four Units (2.5 Marks per Unit) & it would be compulsory. Twoquestions will be set from each unit & out of which c<strong>and</strong>idate will attempt one question. EachQuestion shall be of 10 marks.Suggested Readings (Latest Editions):1. “Bentley’s Textbook of Pharmaceutics”, New York: ELBS Bacilliere Tindall.2. W. L. Badger <strong>and</strong> J T Banchero, “Introduction to Chemical Engineering”, London:McGraw Hill International Book Co.3. “Remington Pharmaceutical Sciences”, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co.4. Leon Lachman, H A Liberman <strong>and</strong> J L Kanig, “The Theory <strong>and</strong> Practice of IndustrialPharmacy”, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.5. W. L. MaCabe <strong>and</strong> J C Smith, “Unit operations of Chemical Engineering”, London:McGraw Hill International Book Co6. R. H. Perry <strong>and</strong> C H Chilton, “Chemical Engineers H<strong>and</strong>book”, London: McGrawHill <strong>and</strong> Co.7. Cooper <strong>and</strong> Gunns, “Tutorial Pharmacy”, Delhi: CBS Publishers.47