Study Guide RADIOLOGY - UMF

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Study Guide – Radiology – Faculty of Medicine - IV th Year 26o examination of ligaments, tendons, menisci and fluid effusions.• CT:o due to X-ray attenuation, allows distinguishing between: muscle, fat, liquid, and tumors.o allows better visualization of complex anatomical regions and better differentiateparaosseous and periarticular soft tissues.o Is indicated in the diagnosis of bone and soft tissue tumors: origin, local extension, type,relationship, and metastases.o essential in bone fracture of the skull, pelvis and spine.Sample questions for the written exam:1. The Characteristic radiological sign of osteomyelitis is:a. osteochondromab. bone sequestrationc. osteoporosisd. hypoplasiae. scoliostosisanswer: B2. Radiological changes of arthrosis include the following, except:a. joint space narrowingb. bone cystsc. osteophyte (bone spurs )d. subchondral osteosclerosise. osteochondromaanswer:EReferences1. Grainger and Allison's. Diagnostic Radiology. 5 th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone,2008, Volume 2, Section V2. Stelian Petcu. Radiologie Imagistica medicala, Editura medicala universitara IuliuHatieganu, Cluj-napoca, 2001, pag. 59-204Useful web addresses:http://radiology.rsna.org/content/by/yearhttp://radiographics.rsna.org/
Study Guide – Radiology – Faculty of Medicine - IV th Year 27TOPIC 11: KIDNEY AND UPPER URINARY TRACTImaging techniques have a particularly important role in diagnosing disease of the urinary tract and inguiding therapeutic maneuvers. To understand the applications of imaging in urinary tract pathology itis necessary to review the basic concepts of anatomy, and the examination methods used. Theintroduction to imaging anatomical peculiarities of the urinary tract is followed by the presentation ofimaging semiology. The main excretory syndromes are discussed, highlighting the: indications of theimaging techniques as well as elements of positive and differential diagnosisThe student should know:• Elements of descriptive and topographic anatomy of the urinary system;• Methods of examination and radio-imaging anatomy specific to each of these methodso Radiological methods1. Simple renal radiography2. Intravenous pyelography (IVP)3. Plane tomography (seldom)4. Retrograde pyelography and uretero- pyelography5. Renal arteriographyo Imaging methods1. Ultrasonography2. Renal scintigraphy, SPECT, PET3. CT4. MRI• Indications, non-indications and contraindications of various imaging techniques in urinarytract disease• Elements of imaging semiology and urinary pathologyGeneral semiology. Renal disease states can be grouped into several "radio-imagingsyndromes", as follows:1. Changes in opacity:1.Increased (focal)1. Limestone (calcified) opacity (no contrast media –CM- given)1.stones2.calcification2. CM excess1.caverns2.diverticula3. Reflux2. Decreased (after CM administration)Gap (focal lack of filling)2. Amputation (focal)3. Dumb kidney (global absence of opacification)2. Renal function decay1. Absent2. Delayed1.Secretion2.Evacuation3. Urinary stasis1. Acute2. Chronic4. Hydronephrosis5. Small kidney syndrome1.Hypoxia2. Chronic stasis
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Study Guide RADIOLOGY - UMF

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