Study Guide RADIOLOGY - UMF

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Study Guide – Radiology – Faculty of Medicine - IV th Year 244.Inflammation of the musculoskeletal system4.1. Osteomyelitis:- Definition• Etiology• Route of infection• Location• Clinic• Pathogenesis• Radiological signs: in the period of onset, florid phase, during recovery• Particular clinical and imaging forms: bone whitlow, subacute osteomyelitis,Brodie abscess, chronic osteomyelitis4.2. Arthritis4.2.1. Bacterial arthritis - purulent: ways of infection imaging appearanceOsteoarticular tuberculosis: radiological appearance, particular forms (SpinaVentosa, caries sicca,)4.2.2.Arthritis in collagen diseases:- Rheumatoid arthritis- seronegative spondilarthropathy: ankylosing spondilytis5. Arthrosis (osteo-arthritis)1. Affecting the spine1. spondylosis2. disk arthrosis3. herniated disk: appearance on CT, MRI2. Hip joint arthrosis1. Knee arthrosis2. Arthritis in the hands6. Musculoskeletal system tumors6.1 Diagnostic imaging:Lesion detectionCharacterization of the lesionStaging6.2 Tumors of bone origin:1. Benign:Osteomaosteoid Osteoma2 Malignant:Osteosarcoma6.3 Tumors of cartilaginous origin:1. Benign:ChondromaOsteochondromaChondroblastoma2. Malignant:Chondrosarcoma6.4 Tumors of fibroblastic natureBenign:Fibrous cortical defectMalignant:Fibrosarcoma and malignant histiocytoma6.5 round cell tumorsEwing tumorMyeloma6.6 Vascular Tumors1 benign:Hemangioma6.7 tumors of uncertain origin
Study Guide – Radiology – Faculty of Medicine - IV th Year 251 benign:Giant cell tumorBone cyst6.8 metastases (osteolytic, osteosclerotic, mixed)Students will attend practical demonstrations of:• Images obtained by different techniques of examination• the anatomy of each imaging examination technique• images with incremental radiological and pathological changes• examinations of cases with different disease aimed at themes of semiology in the course, thepresentation of the characteristics, positive diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis• identification of X-ray, ultrasound, CT and MRI of normal anatomical structures and theirdescription• identify on the presented images of elemental changes• Discussing cases with the group assistant or head of the courseStudents will need to:- Recognize the imaging technique and describe it- recognize the explored region.- identify the pathological appearance and described it in semiological terms: location, shape,size, contour, structure, relationships with neighboring organs and how it changes the functionof affected and neighboring organs- integrate the lesion in a syndrome by relating the radiological appearance to clinical andlaboratory data- formulate a positive diagnosis, differential diagnoses• recommend other useful diagnostic examinationsPlease note:• X-ray:o radiography is still the gold standard of investigation, being used as a method of firstintention in almost all musculoskeletal system disorders.o Bone radiographs should be performed in at least two perpendicular views AP and LL toavoid the phenomenon of addition.o Bone radiographs must include at least one joint to judge the position (alignment) of bone.o symmetrical regions are examined bilaterally in order to identify minimal changes duringthe onset of diseases.o Irradiated field should be as small as possible through beam collimation to avoidunnecessary irradiation.o Quality of the radiographs must be optimal. Machine settings are adapted to each regionand each patient so that on the radiograph one may identify both the bones and the softtissue fascial compartments and areolar structure of the subcutaneous cellular tissue.• MRI:o method of choice when examining osteonecrosis, bone marrow, soft tissue neoplasms.o particularly useful in examining the spine.o diagnosis of stress fractures.o Allows for the examination of intervertebral disks, tendons, menisci, cruciate ligaments ofthe knee, with a much better resolution than other methods.• Ultrasound:o use of the method to examine bone is limited.o indications: examining soft parts of the muscles, tendons, in real time.o diagnosis of hip dysplasia, especially before viewing the ossification nucleus of thefemoral head;
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Study Guide RADIOLOGY - UMF

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