Study Guide RADIOLOGY - UMF

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Study Guide – Radiology – Faculty of Medicine - IV th Year 14TOPIC 4. PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF ULTRASOUNDEXAMINATIONKnowing the physical principles underlying the operation of ultrasound examination technique isessential for understanding the diagnostic value of ultrasound applications and the limits of themethods.The student must know:o elementary notions of acoustics: sound source, sound wave, transmission media, theinteraction between wave and environment;o behavior of ultrasound in the human body: reflection, transmission, diffraction,refraction, absorption, attenuation, penetration;o obtaining and graphic representation of US information A, M mode, two-dimensional,real timeo ultrasound image: structure, resolution, format;o specific terminology in ultrasound examination;o Doppler effect - physical principles, application in medicine, information, obtained;o modalities of representing Doppler information: continuous, spectral, color, powerThe student will assist to the following practical demonstrations:o illustrate the types of ultrasound examinationso exemplify the terminology specific for ultrasonographyThe student will perform:o recognition of ultrasound techniqueso using specific terms for ultrasonographyPlease note:Ultrasonography is one of the morphological imaging examinations used in first intention to assess themajority of body organs and systems, because it is inexpensive, non-irradiating, easy to perform,quick, widely accessible and it provides results in real time. Ultrasound techniques are essential inbiliary pathology, cardiology, obstetrics and pathology of the peripheral veins.Sample questions for the written exam in radiology:In ultrasound the term interface defines the surface separating two media that differ interms of:a) thicknessb) molecular characteristicsc) histological structured) acoustic impedancee) electrical conductivityAnswer: dWithin the human body ultrasound waves are not attenuated by:a) airb) fluidc) fatty tissued) liver parenchymae) boneAnswer: b
Study Guide – Radiology – Faculty of Medicine - IV th Year 15TOPIC 5. PHYSICAL AND TECHNICAL BASES OFCOMPUTER TOMOGRAPHYTable of ContentsI. PrincipleII. Components of a computer tomography machine. Generations of CT scannersIII. The spiral acquisition systemIV. Terminology characteristic for computed tomography. Units of measurement. CTwindows.V. ArtifactsVI. Sample questionsEducational objectives• The student must know:o The operating principle• Individual measurements of X-ray attenuation along a single line throughspaceo CT scanner components• Gantry: tube, detectors, table• Command console - setting acquisition parameters• computero Basic components of a CT system• High voltage generator (150 kV, 500 mA)• Tubes• Cooling Systems• Filters• Beam collimators focusing the Xray beam (beam thickness)• emission colimation – sets up voxel size• reception colimation - conditioned by the size of the detectors• Detectors: convert residual radiation into electrical signal• Solid:• Cesium iodide crystals• High detection efficiency• Rapid wearing• Gas: Xenon• Sensitive to higher doses of residual Rx• works like an ionization chambero Generations of CT scanners• I: type translation - rotation (1 source, 1detector)• II: type translation - rotation with multiple detectors• III: Rotating-type (spinning both the source and the detectors)• IV: Rotating- fixed type (stationary detectors, rotating source)• Electron beam CT (electron flow system)o The spiral acquisition - defined by 3 main parameters• Volume scanned during a spiral scan• The number of full rotations during an acquisition• Pitch (p):• Definition (single slice spiral CT) = table movement (d)during a rotation reported to thickness (g) of the nominal slice(thickness of beam or beam width)
Page 1 and 2: Study Guide - Radiology - Faculty o
Page 13: Study Guide - Radiology - Faculty o

Study Guide RADIOLOGY - UMF

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?