Buletin Arbitrase Nasional Indonesia Nomor 5/2008 - Badan ...

B A N I A R B I T R AT I O N C E N T E RBADAN ARBITRASE NASIONAL INDONESIAJakarta Office • Wahana Graha Building, 2nd Floor, Jl. Mampang Prapatan No. 2, Jakarta 12760Phone : +62 21 7940542 • Fax : +62 21 7940543 • e-mail : bani-arb@indo.net.id • http://www.bani-arb.orgA d v i s o r y B o a r dProf. Dr. Mochtar Kusuma Atmadja, S.H., LL.M.Prof. Dr. I. H. Ph. Diederiks-VerschoorProf. Dr. Karl-Heinz BöckstiegelG o v e r n i n g B o a r dChairmanProf. Dr. H. Priyatna Abdurrasyid , S.H., Ph.D., FCBArb.MembersM. Husseyn UmarHarianto SunidjaN. KrisnawendaBANI Bandung Office Jl.Tubagus Ismail Bawah no. 2, Bandung 40132 •Tel: 022-2508649/2506246 • Fax: 022-2508649/ 2535307 • e-mail: banibandung@gmail.com;banibandung@plasa .comBANI Surabaya Office Jl. Ketintang Baru II/1-3, Surabaya • Tel: 031-8287414 • Fax: 031-8290522BANI Denpasar Office Jl. Melati No.21, Denpasar 80233, Bali • Tel: 0361-234846 • Fax: 0361-234846BANI Pontianak Office Jl. Imam Bonjol No. 402, Pontianak 78123, Kalimatan Barat •Tel: 0561 - 585262 • Fax: 0561 585261BANI Medan Office Jl. Sekip Baru No.16, Medan 20112 • Tel: 061-4527799 • Fax: 061-4147192BANI Batam Office Gedung Dana Graha Lt. 3, Ruang 307 A Jl. Imam Bonjol, Nagoya, Batam • Tel: 0778-450539• Fax: 0778-450537BANI Palembang Office Gedung KADIN Prov. Sumatera Selatan Lt. 3, Jl. Letkol IskandarKompleks Ilir Barat Permai Blok D1 No. 27, Palembang 30134 •Tel: 0711-352793 • Fax: 0711-356187BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 1 26-Dec-08 10:03:38

INDONESIA ARBITRATIONQUARTERLY NEWSLETTERNumber 5/2008E d i t o r i a l B o a r dEditor -in-ChiefM. Husseyn UmarExecutive EditorMadjedi HasanEditorsM. Husseyn UmarHarianto SunidjaMadjedi HasanHuala AdolfJunaedy GanieSecretaryAde Teti S.DistributionRizky MuzainurastiBULETIN TRIWULANARBITRASE INDONESIAINDONESIA ARBITRATIONQUARTERLY NEWSLETTERISSN No. 1978-8398, Number 5/2008C o n t e n t sFrom The Editor 1Arbitral Awards 2Priyatna AbdurrasyidSettlement ofInvestment Disputes In IndonesiaUnder The Investment LawNumber 25 of 2007 7Huala AdolfPrinciple of Good FaithIn BANI Arbitration 12Madjedi HasanMenghindarkan Penundaan EksekusiMelalui Upaya Pembatalan PutusanTanpa Alasan Yang Sah -Kasus Di Bidang Asuransi 19Junaedy GanieProsedur Pemeriksaan Perkara DalamArbitrase 25Anangga W. RoosdionoPublished byBANI ARBITRATION CENTER(BADAN ARBITRASE NASIONAL INDONESIA)BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 2 26-Dec-08 10:03:38

From The EditorOn December 5th 2008 marking his 79th birthday - BANI‘s Governing BoardChairman, Prof. Dr. H. Priyatna Abdurrasyid launched his new book entitled“Beberapa Bentuk Hukum Sebagai Pengantar Menuju Indonesia Emas 2020”or Various Legal Forms as Introduction towards Golden Indonesia 2020”. The548 pages book is a compilation of articles written in Bahasa Indonesia andEnglish.These articles express or reflect Prof. Priyatna’s idea and thought and experiencesthat he has acquired during his long career as state attorney, legal expert,educator and arbitrator. They cover a wide range of subjects or issues, includingstate ideology of Pancasila (five pillars), development of science, technologyand law and the brains, air space and air power, law on space and sea, fightingagainst corruption and arbitration. With his permission, we are pleased to reprintone of his articles on the arbitration award, where he discussed as to whatmakes an arbitration award a good award.In other news, BANI has completed a two days workshop in October 2008 onDispute Resolution in Construction. About 20 professional (mostly engineersand lawyers) from legal firms and construction contractor companies have participatedin the Workshop. The workshop discussed all aspects of arbitrationfrom framing the submission to the issue of an enforceable award, including thestrategic issues that arise in the course of construction arbitration proceedings.In this issue you will find one of the papers given in the workshop on arbitrationproceeding and practical suggestions on preparation for proceedings. Thepaper was written and presented by Mr. Anangga W, Roosdiono, one of BANIlisted arbitrators.Finally, we also review the settlement of investment dispute under the new investmentlaw number 25 of 2007, principle of good faith in BANI arbitrationand arbitration clause in Indonesia insurance policy. If you have any questionsor would like to discuss any issues arising from the content of the newsletter,to contribute articles or to suggest for improving the Newsletter, please do nothesitate to contact us at our e-mail address bani-arb@indo.net.id (our web site:http://www.bani-arb.org).December 2008INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/2008BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 1 26-Dec-08 10:03:39

Priyatna AbdurrasyidArbitral AwardsA b s t r a kTulisan berikut membahas prinsip-prinsip dan komponen-komponenyang bersifat universal yang merupakan pedoman bagi arbiter untukmenjatuhkan putusan. Dalam prosedur formal, prinsip-prinsip tersebuttermuat dalam Model Law UNCITRAL dan undang-undang arbitrase dibanyak negara. Prosedur universal ini merupakan landasan agar putusanarbitrase tersebut dapat diterima, patut, adil dan mampu menyelesaikansengketa domestik dan yang melintasi batas negara. Prosedur universalini akan memfasilitasi para praktisi di seluruh dunia memahami prosesarbitrase, yang akan meningkatkan kepercayaan pada hasil akhir dariarbitrase. Karenanya merupakan hal yang penting bahwa seluruhpersyaratan dipenuhi mengenai isi maupun bentuk putusan. Arbiterberkewajiban juga mengikuti aturan-aturan yang bersifat lokal, namundemikian merupakan kewajiban para pihak yang bersengketa termasukpara pengacara untuk juga mengidentifikasi aturan-aturan yang bersifatlokal yang dipandang relevan selain perundang-undangan yang berlaku.Dalam upaya mendapatkan putusan arbitrase yang patut, adil danwajar, seorang arbiter harus menjelaskan fakta-fakta yang ditemukan.Putusannya dengan jelas dan terperinci mengidentifikasi fakta-faktatersebut untuk mendukung putusan yang wajar, berlandaskan asas-asashukum, kepatutan dan keadilan. Penjelasan meliputi semua bukti-buktilisan dan tertulis, termasuk fakta-fakta dan hukum yang tidak diterimayang meliputi semua hal yang dipersengketakan. Penjelasan mengenaiputusan juga meliputi hak dan tanggung jawab/kewajiban dari para pihakyang bersengketa, termasuk perbaikan yang diperintahkan (remediesordered) beserta cara perhitungannya. Putusan harus lengkap, termasuklampirannya berupa dokumen-dokumen yang diperlukan yang harusdiserahkan pada pejabat yang berwenang untuk melaksanakan eksekusiputusan tersebut. Putusan tersebut harus dapat dilaksanakan; misalnyaputusan tidak seharusnya mengandung hal-hal untuk melaksanakansesuatu yang khusus yang berdampak pada hak dan kewajiban pihakketiga, Kecuali untuk putusan sela, setiap putusan tidak meninggalkan hal-INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/2008BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 2 26-Dec-08 10:03:39

hal yang dalam kewenangannya. Putusan-putusan sela harus dimasukkandalam putusan akhir.Disimpulkan bahwa putusan harus pasti, lengkap, final dan dapatditegakkan serta mampu meyakinkan para pihak yang bersengketa bahwaputusan tersebut patut, adil dan wajar yang dibuat berdasarkan semua halyang disampaikan untuk diputuskan, sebagai putusan akhir, tidak ambigudan konsisten menurut parameter–parameter dalam klausul arbitrase.A. Formal RequirementsArbitral AwardsUniversal procedural principles concerning arbitral awards are found in theModel Law on International Commercial Arbitration adopted by the UnitedNations Commission on International Trade and Law on the 21st of June 1985(the “UNICITRAL Model Law”) and in the written arbitration laws of most countries.This procedure universalism is a primary reason underlying the view thatarbitration is an accessible, fair, just and reasonable methodology for the resolutionof domestic and cross border dispute. Practitioners from around the worldhave access to the information necessary to understand the arbitration process,thus providing a greater sense of trust in the final outcome.Arbitration of international dispute should ensure that the awards they adoptat the very least include the following elements:(i) The decision should be set forth in writing (Art. 31(1) of the Model Law;see Art. 54 of Indonesian Law No. 30 of 1999 (implicitly requiring a writtendocument of decision.(ii) With a clear and correct identification of the parties intended to be bound(Article 54(1)(b) of Indonesian Law No. 30 of 1999); and(iii) The decision should set forth a clear description of the dispute (Article54(1) of Indonesian Law No. 30 of 1999).The decision must also contain:(iv) The considerations and conclusions of the arbitrators (unless the partieshave agreed otherwise (Art. 31(2) of The Model Law, Art. 54(1)(f) ofIndonesian Law No. 30 of 1999);(v) The date and place of the decision (Art. 31(3) of the Model Law; Art.54(1)(1) of Indonesian Law No. 30 of 1999. (Under the Indonesian Lawthe date of decision is also of importance in light of various legal consequencesarising upon the expiration of thirty (30) days following the dateINDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/2008BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 3 26-Dec-08 10:03:39

Arbitral Awardsof this decision. For instance, in a domestic Indonesia arbitration thearbitrators are required to submit and register the original decision or onan authenticated copy thereof with the Clerk of the District Court withjurisdiction over the respondent within thirty (30) days of pronouncement(Article 1(4) and 59(1) of Indonesian Law No. 30 of 1999). Failureto register has the effect of preventing the enforcement of the arbitrationdecision (Article 1(4) and 59(1) of Indonesian Law No. 30 of 1999).Additionally, the date of the award is often relevant to mandate presented tothe award itself. For instance, specific deadlines may be imposed on the disputantsregarding performance of the award and the commencement of the actualof post award interest on unsatisfied monetary judgments; and(vi) The signature of a required number of arbitrators (a majority pursuant toArticle 31(1) of the Model Law provided the reason for an omitted signatureis stated); (Art. 54(1)(j) of Indonesian Law No. 30 of 1999).Article 54 of Indonesian Law No. 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and AlternativesDispute Resolution set forth a few additional requirements including:(i) A statement at the head of the decisions containing the word “FOR THESAKE OF JUSTICE ON THE BASIS OF THE ONE AND ONLY GOD”).(Some may find this requirement strange in a draconian way. However,this requirement is in a sense deemed to be in the nature of an oathtaken by the arbitrators when they set their hand to sign the award. Itis designed to compel a greater introspection into the merits of the arbitrator’saward. Thus, it is akin to the court witness’ oath prior to givingtestimony before the finder of fact).(ii) The address of the disputants;(iii) The position of the disputants;(iv) The full name and addresses of the arbitrators;(v) A written opinion of every arbitrator in the event differences of opinionarise among the members of the panel of arbitrators; and(vi) The naming of the place of the decision.Differences among jurisdictions concerning minimum award requirementsdo exist and further differences may arise when the rules of a particular arbitrationorganization are considered. However, Article 2(d) of the UNCITRALModel Law and Article 34 of the Law No. 30 of 1999 do require compliance withany additional rules set forth in the rules of procedure of any arbitration organi-INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/2008BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 4 26-Dec-08 10:03:40

zation adopted by the disputants. For parties adopting BANI as the administratorof their arbitration, the procedural protections of the UNCITRAL Model Lawand the added protections of the additional procedural rules set forth in Law No.30 of 1999 provide for an excellent legal foundation for fair, just and reasonablearbitration awards.Thus, while certain universal procedural requirements are found to applythroughout the world, it is important to ensure that all rules of procedure of relevantlocalities are fulfilled with regards in the contents and form of an award. Itis an arbitrator’s duty to comply with local rules, however, it is the duty of disputantsand their counsels to identify both the localities they deem relevant and toprovide access to all relevant law.The most important localities include the places of business and nationalitiesof the disputants; the venue of the hearings and the jurisdiction with authorityover the assets and persons who may be subject to an obligation to perform themandates of the award.B. Drafting a Fair, Just and Reasonable AwardArbitral AwardsWhat makes an arbitration award a good award. A good award is an awardthat all of the parties are able to accept as fair and just.Are there universal components an arbitrator should include in the typicalarbitration award involving a commercial dispute? Universal components of anaward include these components which the parties would expect to see in anaward they are able to accept as reasonable under all of the relevant conditionsand circumstances.In order to achieve the objective of the delivery of a fair, just and reasonabledecision in arbitration, an arbitrator should include a clear statement of theunderlying facts. The decision should clearly identify those facts and detail necessaryto support a well reasoned, legally principled, fair and just opinion.All important documentary and oral evidence, including major assertions ofrejected points of fact and law, should be summarized. Logical discussion shouldbe set forth leading to a clear decision on all matters in dispute.Preferably in a separate section, the decision should also provide a concisesummary of the award with a definitive allocation of any continuing rightsand responsibilities of the disputants, including the specific kinds of remediesINDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/2008BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 5 26-Dec-08 10:03:40

Arbitral Awardsordered and the manner of calculation of any aspects of the award requiringdetermination.An award should be complete, including the attachments of copies, certifiedwhere necessary, of all documents necessary for presentation to the relevantjudicial authorities in jurisdictions where enforcement of the award may besought. As such, the decisions should set forth a sufficient history of the disputeand the arbitration to make it unambiguously comprehensible.The award must be possible to perform. It cannot, for example, order specificperformance that infringes upon third party interests, rights and obligation.Apart from “provisional” awards, every award must completely and finally disposeof all matters within its domain. No aspects of necessary and intendedrelief should be left outstanding. The continuing mandate of provisional awardsmust be reviewed and incorporated into the final award.The language of the award must be sufficiently certain so as to render it capableof enforcement in accordance with only one reasonable interpretation. Theaward must be internally consistent.The award must include all elements necessary for its enforceability in allrelevant jurisdictions and thus in accordance with relevant local laws and whereapplicable, the terms of the New York Convention 1958.In its essence, the award must be cogent, certain, complete, final and enforceable.The award must appeal forcibly to the minds of reason of the disputantsand judicial authorities responsible for the enforcement of the award. It mustconvince the disputants of the fairness, justice and reasonableness of the determinationsmade on all matters submitted for decision in a final, unambiguousand consistent manner in accordance with the parameters set forth in the arbitrationclause.Priyatna AbdurrasyidChairman of BANI Governing BoardReprinted from: Priyatna Abdurrasyid, Beberapa Bentuk Hukum Sebagai PengantarMenuju Indonesia Emas 2020, PT Fikahati Aneska bekerja sama dengan Badan ArbitraseNasional Indonesia, Jakarta 2008, p 451 – 455.INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/2008BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 6 26-Dec-08 10:03:40

Settlement of Investment Disputes in Indonesiareveals that Indonesia has so far (as of 2008), been concluding 63 bilateral investmenttreaties (BITs). These BITs do contain and have their own dispute mechanismswhich differ from one treaty with others.In addition, Indonesia is also a party to a regional investment regime, mostnotably, the Framework Agreement on the ASEAN Investment Area of 1998(AIA). The AIA however although contains article 17 on dispute settlement,does not establish its own investment dispute settlement mechanism. All disputesarising out from the investment within ASEAN member countries will besettled in accordance with the Protocol on Dispute Settlement Mechanism forASEAN (1996). This Protocol lays down 3 (three) broad mechanisms as to howthe dispute within ASEAN members be resolved. They include settlement by (1)consultations (article 2); (2) Good Offices, Conciliation or Mediation (Article 3);and (3) settlement by the so-called “Senior Economic Officials Meeting (Article4); and (4) settlement by an arbitration-like means namely settlement by a Panelbody (Article 5).Indonesia is also a member to the Convention on the Settlement of InvestmentDisputes between States and Nationals of Other States (or the Washington Conventionof 1965) in 1968.B. Mechanisms under Law No 25 of 2007The newly-enacted Investment Law No 25 of 2007 (Investment Law of 2007)does contain an article, namely article 32, on the settlement of investment disputes.This article is actually a new provision under the Investment Law as comparedto the former investment law, Law Number1 of 1967.Article 32 consists of four paragraphs which recognized means of settlementof disputes. They include negotiation, alternative dispute resolution, nationalcourts, and arbitration (domestic and international arbitrations). It should benoted that Art.32 only regulates investment disputes where the parties are (i)the government, and (ii) an investor. As Article 1 of the Law states, the term ofinvestors includes domestic and foreign investors. Disputes between investorsare not subject to this Law.The following lists the mechanism in settlement of dispute under the InvestmentLaw of 2007.INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/2008BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 8 26-Dec-08 10:03:41

1) NegotiationSettlement of Investment Disputes in IndonesiaIf a dispute arises between investors and the government, the parties shall settlethe disputes through direct negotiation in order to reach a consensus betweenthe parties (para.1).2) ADRIf negotiation fails to settle the dispute, the parties may chose settlementthrough, alternative dispute resolution (para.2). Note that the regulation onADR is embodied in Art.6 of the Law No.30 of 1999. This article lays down thetime limit for the parties to solve their dispute by ADR. Paragraph 7 of thisArticle, states that the agreement of the parties to end their disputes is final andbinding. This agreement must be made in writing and must be deposited withthe District Court.If settlement through ADR fails, the parties may refer their disputes to arbitrationor ad hoc arbitration (para.7). The reference of a dispute to arbitration mustbe based on a written agreement made before or after the dispute arises (Art.1,para.(3) of Law No.30 of 1999).3) CourtAs Paragraph 3 of Article 23 states that if an investment dispute arises betweenthe government and domestic investors, the parties may settle their dispute inthe (national) court. The parties may also submit their disputes to the districtcourts (Pengadilan Negeri) or to the national arbitration bodies which exist inIndonesia. Reference of commercial disputes to Indonesian district courts hasnot been popular. The slow process of cases, the alleged incompetence of courtsto deal with modern commercial transactions and lack of legal certainty andenforceability has been blamed for the unpopularity of the courts.4) Arbitration under the New LawArbitration under the new Investment Law plays an important role. Arbitrationmay be chosen by the parties if negotiation fails to settle the dispute (Art.32,para.2).Arbitration may also become an alternative, as stated in para.3 of Art.23 ofthe Law, if an investment dispute arises between the government and domesticINDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/2008BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 9 26-Dec-08 10:03:41

10Settlement of Investment Disputes in Indonesiainvestors. The reference of the dispute to arbitration must and can only be chosenon the basis of an agreement between the parties.The use of arbitration is similarly required to settle disputes concerning theamount of compensation the government has to pay to the investor in the case ofnationalization or expropriation. This provision is similar to the former foreigninvestment law, Law No.1 of 1967.A difference between the new and legislation is that the earlier law specifiedthe number of arbitrators to hear the dispute. Each party the investor and thegovernment, chose one arbitrator. The third arbitrator, acting as the chairman ofthe arbitral tribunal, was to be chosen together by the parties (not by the arbitratorsalready chosen by the parties).Another difference is that the former law specifically stated that the award wasbinding upon the parties. The new Law does not specifically mention this provision.The stipulation of the binding nature of the arbitration award under theformer law may be understood in the light of Indonesian arbitration law in the1960s. As mentioned above, Indonesian arbitration law was still then applyingthe Rv (Dutch Code of Civil Procedure). Therefore, the requirement that the arbitrationaward be binding amuses foreign investors that arbitration awards have abinding force upon the parties, and that the government will honor it.The lack of a clause specifying that the arbitral award is binding in the newinvestment Law does not mean that the award does not have binding force. Withthe Arbitration Law enacted in 1999, the binding nature of awards (includingforeign awards) is given legal certainty. Various articles under the ArbitrationLaw of 1999 do mention the binding nature of awards. They include Arts 15para.3, 17 para.2, 45 para.2, 52 and 60. The most important article is Art.60which states that “the decision of the arbitration is final and has legal force andbinds the parties”.Prior to the promulgation of the Law No.30 of 1999, the position of the courttowards arbitration (and arbitration agreements) has been surprisingly encouraging.Landmark cases on arbitration agreements and the absolute competenceof arbitration to settle commercial disputes in Indonesia have been reported.These cases are, for example, Ahju Forestry Co v Sutomo (1981), PT AsuransiRoyal Indrapura v Sohandi Kawilarang (1982), PT Arpeni Pratama Ocean Linev PT Shorea Mas. The Indonesian Supreme Court in these cases has been rightto state that the arbitration agreement signed by the parties must be respectedINDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/2008BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 10 26-Dec-08 10:03:42

and the district courts must stay its proceedings when the parties in dispute arebound by arbitration agreement.Under Art.7 para.(3), there is no mention of the form of arbitration. It is rightto state here that it may be national or international arbitration. Similarly, it maybe institutionalized or ad hoc arbitration.The institutionalized arbitral body in Indonesia is the Indonesian NationalBoard of Arbitration (Badan Arbitrase Nasional Indonesia or BANI). BANI wereset up on December 3, 1977 with the support of the Indonesian Chamber ofCommerce, the Indonesian Supreme Court, the Lawyers Association, and someindividuals. It was established to respond to the growing needs of the Indonesianbusiness community for a speedy solution to business disputes. It has itsown rules and procedures and maintains a list of potential impartial arbitratorsto settle the disputes. The arbitrators are law professors, business persons,engineers, etc. One type of dispute under the jurisdiction of BANI is investmentdisputes (both domestic investment disputes as well as international investmentdisputes).If an investment dispute arises between the Indonesian government and foreigninvestors, the parties will settle it in international arbitration. The referenceof the dispute to international arbitration must be based on the agreement of theparties (Art.23 para.4).C. Closing RemarksSettlement of Investment Disputes in IndonesiaThe many provisions on the investment dispute mechanisms above existed inIndonesia as enshrined in BITs, regional treaty and multilateral treaty indicatethat Indonesia is subject to these various mechanisms. The Law No 25 of 2007which contains the dispute settlement most notably by way of arbitration demonstrateat best that arbitration has been playing growing and even better placein Indonesian legal system.Huala AdolfThe author is Professor in International Law at the University of Padjadjaran and head ofBANI Office in Bandung.INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/200811BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 11 26-Dec-08 10:03:42

Madjedi HasanPrinciple Of Good FaithIn BANI ArbitrationA b s t r a kItikad baik merupakan suatu sendi terpenting dalam hukum perjanjian,termasuk dalam proses arbitrase. Karenanya, seluruh pihak terkait dalamproses arbitrase harus melaksanakannya dengan beritikad baik. Pengacaraharus menjajaki kemungkinan penyelesaian segera setelah mengetahuiperkaranya dan tidak menunda penyelesaian melalui berbagai cara. Bagiarbiter, itikad baik berarti bahwa dia akan menolak penunjukan manakalajadwalnya penuh dan harus bersedia mengungkapkan sepenuhnya hal-halyang dapat menimbulkan benturan kepentingan. Itikad baik mensyaratkanagar arbiter sebagai yang menjalankan kebijaksanaan selalu bertindakwajar, sehingga melindungi ekspektasi yang timbul dari perjanjian.Adanya kesepakatan melakukan arbitrase hakikatnya berarti bahwapara pihak bersedia menerima putusan, sehingga pengajuan banding dapatdipandang sebagai pengingkaran terhadap itikad baik, Namun demikian,pasal 34 UNCITRAL Model Law membolehkan pengajuan bandinguntuk hal-hal tertentu, antara lain ketidakmampuan pihak-pihak yangberarbitrase, putusannya berkenaan dengan sengketa yang tidak dalampengajuan atau berisi hal-hal di luar lingkup perkara yang diajukan. DiIndonesia, UU Arbitrase menetapkan bahwa pengadilan tidak berwenangmengadili sengketa antara pihak-pihak yang terkait dengan perjanjianarbitrase. Terhadap putusan arbitrase permohonan pembatalan hanyadapat diajukan apabila putusan tersebut diduga mengandung dokumenpalsu, dokumen penting disembunyikan atau putusan merupakan hasil tipumuslihatDalam Pasal 4.6 Peraturan dan Prosedur BANI ditetapkan bahwa semuapihak dalam arbitrase memiliki kewajiban bersama untuk melakukannyadengan itikad baik, yakni berusaha menyelesaikan secepat-cepatnyadan efisien. Selanjutnya, Pasal 4.7 menetapkan bahwa sengketa harusdiselesaikan tidak melebihi 180 hari sejak terbentuknya majelis arbitrase,dan hanya dapat diperpanjang dengan putusan majelis dan diberitahukan12INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/2008BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 12 26-Dec-08 10:03:43

Principle of Good Faith in BANI Arbitrationkepada para pihak., Majelis juga dapat menjatuhkan sanksi kepada pihakyang tidak menaati peraturan sehingga memperlambat kelancaran proses.Dalam Kode Etik dan Pedoman Tingkah Laku Arbiter dijabarkan sikapdan tingkah laku arbiter yang menjadi norma etik dan pedoman bagipara arbiter dalam arbitrase yang diselenggarakan oleh BANI atau dalamarbitrase ad hoc yang tunduk pada peraturan prosedur BANI. Melihat datastatistik mengenai jangka waktu pemeriksaan perkara dan jumlah putusanyang diajukan banding, dapat disimpulkan bahwa BANI telah berhasilmenerapkan prinsip itikad baik dalam proses arbitrase secara konsisten.A. IntroductionOne of the essential elements to the successful endeavor in relations betweenindividuals or parties is good faith. Deriving from the translation of the Latinterm bona fide, the principle of good faith is the foundation of all law and all conventionstherefore it should be the fundamental principle of every legal system.This paper provides illustration that the entering into and the performance ofarbitration will also require good faith as a fundamental element of arbitrationagreement.B. Principle of Good FaithGood faith is an abstract and comprehensive term that encompasses a sincerebelief or motive without any malice or the desire to defraud others. So far asthe violation of positive law is concerned, one who acts in good faith is said tolabor under an invincible error, and hence to be guiltless. This consideration isfrequently applied to determine the degree of right or obligation prevailing inthe various forms of human engagements, such as contracts in common law andthe law of obligations in civil law. In fact, good faith has been identified as thekey essence of a contract, and the parties are expected to act in good faith in theirdealings. It requires that each party be fair and honest in negotiations and, oncethe agreement has been reached, that the parties also perform their respectiveobligations and enforce their rights honestly and fairly.The term good faith has special significance in commercial law. Good faithdoctrines enhance the flow of goods in commerce, as under them, buyers arenot required, in the ordinary course of business, to go to extraordinary efforts todetermine whether sellers actually have good title. A purchaser can move quicklyINDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/200813BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 13 26-Dec-08 10:03:43

Principle of Good Faith in BANI Arbitrationto close a deal with the knowledge that a fraudulent seller and a legitimate titleholder will have to sort the issue out in court. Of course, the purchaser will berequired to demonstrate to the court evidence of good faith.In corporate law, the business judgment rule is based on good faith. The principlemakes officers, directors and managers of a corporation immune fromliability to the corporation for losses incurred in corporate transactions thatare within their authority and power to make, when sufficient evidence demonstratesthat those transactions were made in good faith. As in commercial law,the use of good faith in this case enhances corporate business practices; as agentsof a corporation they are free to act quickly, decisively, and sometimes wrongly toadvance the interests of the corporation. Good faith insulates corporate officersfrom disgruntled shareholders.C. What Does Good Faith Mean in Arbitration?Arbitration is a contract, which must be negotiated; agreed upon and performedtherefore, good faith is also central to the arbitration. As required bythe International Conventions and national legislation, all parties to arbitration,including lawyers, the arbitrators, the arbitration institution and the actual disputingparties themselves must enter into the arbitration with a mutual obligationto act in good faith. For example, a lawyer should not falsely hold out thepossibility of settlement as a means for adjourning discovery or delaying trial.The lawyer should raise and explore with his or her client the issue of settlementin every case as soon as enough is known about the case to make that discussionmeaningful.Where arbitration takes place, obligations and duties should always rise to thestandard of utmost good faith and full disclosure. This would mean that fromthe beginning the parties should be fully prepared to discuss their respectiveinterests. They should do so in a timely and effective manner and must makethemselves, reasonably available and demonstrate a proactive desire to settlethe dispute. As Hill & DeLacenserie said, good faith means that one must notsuffocate the arbitration process with lengthy “legalisms”, procedural niceties,and endless arrays of data that result in hearings with no focus and parties areadvised to resist the urge to advance every conceivable argument and sub-issue.”Without good faith, the claimed advantages of effective arbitration are lost.14INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/2008BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 14 26-Dec-08 10:03:43

Principle of Good Faith in BANI ArbitrationFor arbitrators, good faith means for not accepting to act as an arbitratorwhen one’s immediate calendar is full, and to fully disclose any prior dealingsor relationships that might give rise to even an appearance of conflict of interest.Arbitrators before and during an arbitration, must therefore carry out anintrospective consideration, as best they can of their own conducts, so that theydo not render a biased award. The impartiality and/or independence of an arbitratorare essential features of this quasi-judicial process. But as arbitrators areoften closely involved in the market that appoints them, apart from the scrutinyof their judge – like role, issues of them being partial, biased, pre-disposedand being interested in the outcome of the arbitration arise. The long-standingnorms that no one should be a judge in his own cause and that justice shouldbe seen to be done apply equally to arbitration. Under this premise, good faithrequires the arbitrators as discretion exercising party to act fairly, in order toprotect justifiable expectations arising from their agreement.Equally relevant to the good faith in arbitration is a right to appeal on anyquestion of law that arose out of the arbitral award. Given agreement to arbitratewould mean accepting as final the decision of the arbitrators, therefore to thenproceed before the courts and to question the findings of the arbitrators may beconsidered as an act of not good faith. Nonetheless, the article 34 of UNCITRALModel Law provides cases in which applications to set aside an award are permitted,namely in cases of:a) Incapacity of the parties to arbitrate;b) Lack of notice of the appointment of an arbitrator or of the arbitral proceedingsor was otherwise unable to present his case;c) The award deals with a dispute not contemplated by or not falling withinthe terms of the submission to arbitration, or contains decisions on mattersbeyond the scope of the submission to arbitration, provided that, ifthe decisions on matters submitted to arbitration can be separated fromthose not so submitted, only that part of the award which contains decisionson matters not submitted to arbitration may be set aside; ord) The composition of the arbitral tribunal or the arbitral procedure was notin accordance with the agreement of the parties, unless such agreementwas in conflict with a provision of this Law from which the parties cannotderogate, or, failing such agreement, was not in accordance with thisLaw; orINDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/200815BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 15 26-Dec-08 10:03:44

Principle of Good Faith in BANI Arbitratione) The court finds that the subject-matter of the dispute is not capable of settlementby arbitration under the law of the State or the award is in conflictwith the public policy of the State.In Indonesia, the Law Number 30 of 1999 regarding Arbitration and AlternateDispute Resolution (Arbitration Law) states that the court has no authority toadjudicate disputes between parties to an arbitration agreement. Despite this,there are often problems with the interpretation and enforcement of arbitrationclauses in Indonesia. Parties often have no alternative but to litigate in Indonesiancourts, despite the arbitration clauses in their contracts. Under the ArbitrationLaw, recourse to a court against an arbitral award may be made only byan application for setting aside in accordance with articles 70, 71 and 72 of theLaw Number 30 of 1999 regarding Arbitration and Alternate Dispute Resolution(Arbitration Law). Article 70 states that the power to vacate an arbitration awardis limited to the subsequent grounds:a) letters or documents submitted in the hearings are acknowledged to befalse or forged or are declared to be forgeries after the award has beenrendered;b) after the award has been rendered documents are found which are decisivein nature and which were deliberately concealed by the opposingparty; orc) the award was rendered as a result of fraud committed by one of the partiesto the dispute.Furthermore, the article 71 specifies that the motion to challenge must beserved within 30 days of the date on which the arbitral award was filed or delivered,while the article 72 states that the District Court shall render the award notlater than 30 days after the motion if filed and provide the right to appeal to theSupreme Court, who shall render the award within 30 days after it, is filed. Notethat the grounds for challenge of an arbitral award enunciated in article 70 arethe only grounds on which an arbitration award may be vacated, subject to oneexception, decency and public order.While many countries have adopted more restrictive approach to appeals, suchright of appeals can be considered a constant threat to the finality of every award.The right to appeal at very least can delay the finality of the award and closure ofthe dispute. On the other hand, the right to appeal may be a stimulus to the arbi-16INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/2008BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 16 26-Dec-08 10:03:44

trators to do their work carefully and properly. Consequently, arbitrators mustrely on considerations of good faith in resolving the dispute.D. Good Faith in BANI’s ArbitrationPrinciple of Good Faith in BANI ArbitrationArticle 4.6 of the BANI’s Rules and Procedures require that all parties to arbitrationmust enter into the arbitration with a mutual obligation to act in goodfaith, endeavoring at all times to effecting resolution of the dispute as quicklyand efficiently as possible. Also, based on the Arbitration Law, the Article 4.7 ofthe said Rules and Procedures specify that ‘unless specifically agreed upon bythe parties, the proceeding shall be completed within a period of not longer than180 days from the date of composition of the full Tribunal’. However, in specialcircumstances where the dispute is of a highly complex, the Tribunal has also apower to extend the deadline upon notice to the parties. The Tribunal’s poweralso includes the Tribunal’s right to impose sanctions on any party which fails tocomply with a ruling it makes or otherwise engages in conduct which impedesthe smooth adjudication of the dispute.For arbitrators, BANI has also issued Code of Ethics and Conduct, whichdefines the model attitude and conduct that, shall be the professional norm andguide in Arbitration Tribunals administered by BANI or governed by the BANIRules and Procedures. Only those arbitrators who are either on the BANI list ofarbitrators or who hold an ADR/arbitration certificate recognized by BANI canbe chosen by the parties to act as arbitrators in disputes to be settled under theBANI arbitration rules. Under the Code of Ethics and Conduct, arbitrators uponnomination must disclose (in writing and to all the parties and arbitrators) allfacts or circumstances that may give rise to a credible doubt as to his/her impartialityor as to his/her independence, not limited to social relationships, business/professionalrelationships both direct and indirect, including prior appointmentsas arbitrators with all disputing parties, or the fact that the main witnessis a person known to him/her.If an arbitrator has a conflict of interests with the case or the parties, they areobliged to resign under article 12.2; otherwise, no arbitrator can resign unlesschallenged. In the examination and hearing sessions, the arbitrators shall conductand act in accordance with the guidelines set forth in the prevailing Rulesand Procedures and with due regard to good principles of arbitration, includingrespect for every person’s right to a decision, regard for the disputing partiesINDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/200817BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 17 26-Dec-08 10:03:44

Principle of Good Faith in BANI Arbitrationequal rights to receive equal treatment in hearing, submitting evidences, andimpartial judgment without bias.Since its establishment, such principle of good faith has consistently beenobserved in the BANI’s arbitration proceeding, resulted in that the arbitrationawards have been made with due consideration to propriety and the importanceof issuing the decision within the stipulated time frame and in accordance withwhat has been agreed upon by the parties concerned. As shown in the followingstatistical data, between 2003 and 2007 there were a total of 99 cases, of which 39cases (or 39% of the total) were settled in less than 90 days, 48 cases (49% of thetotal) were settled between 90 to 180 days and only 12 cases (12% of the total)the settlement exceeded 180 days.In terms of awards rendered, the number of challenges to the award tended todecline. For example, between 1977 and 2007, BANI has rendered 194 awards,21 of which were challenged and of these 21 challenged awards only one BANI’saward was annulled. In the past five years between 2004 and 2007 of the 63awards rendered, three challenges were made to the court against an arbitralaward and of these three, two recourses of the awards were rejected by the court(or BANI’s awards were confirmed) while at this writing one is still awaiting theSupreme Court’s decision. In summary, the data confirms that BANI is wholeheartedlycommitted to the objective of providing expeditious and economicaldispute resolution services by skilled professionals.E. Closing RemarksArbitration - in its proceeding requires good faith on the part of the partiesand the arbitrators. Lack of good faith will inevitably result in a slow processand expensive, while the result may be neither just, nor binding. The challengeis ultimately for parties, counsel and the arbitrators to find ways to present andresolve the dispute directly and effectively. Without good faith as a binding principle,justices will surely not materialize.Madjedi HasanThe author is Independent Petroleum Consultant and a listed arbitrator in BANI.18INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/2008BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 18 26-Dec-08 10:03:45

Menghindarkan Penundaan EksekusiMelalui Upaya Pembatalan PutusanTanpa Alasan Yang Sah -Kasus Di Bidang Asuransi Junaedy GanieA b s t r a c tArbitration award is final and binding. Its execution, however, has oftenbeen deferred due to one of the parties’ request for the annulment of award,mostly without valid reasons as stated in Indonesia Arbitration Law (LawNr. 30 of 1999). In the case of insurance claim, this would have impairedthe public image and awareness to insurance’s benefit thereby would impactinsurance business’ growth. This paper discusses mitigation measures toput away the deferment of execution of arbitration award in the settlementprocess of insurance claims.In Indonesia’s insurance industry, the dispute resolution clause providesselection of court litigation or arbitration, the latter is ad-hoc arbitration.Generally, it does not provide the use of institutional arbitration therebythe arbitration forum could only be decided after the dispute arises andunder such circumstances the parties would often have difficulties to reachan agreement. Also, it will be quite possible that the arbitration clause inthe insurance policy may contain provisions that may cause difficulties forthe parties. While the beneficiary expects a certainty that the insuranceprovider will pay every claims, provider believes that its responsibility islimited to the valid claim and the two may not run together.In order to resolve any differences quickly based on the law, justice andfairness, the following lists some of the recommended remedies:1) There will be only one forum to settle the claim (quantum) and theliability of the provider.2) The beneficiary has a right to chose the arbitration forum to be used.3) The request for arbitration shall not require prior approval from theopponent.INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/200819BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 19 26-Dec-08 10:03:45

Menghindarkan Penundaan Eksekusi Melalui Upaya Pembatalan PutusanTanpa Alasan Yang Sah - Kasus di Bidang Asuransi4) Reasons for annulment shall follow strictly the elucidation of Article70 of Arbitration Law of 1999.5) Other provisions, including the procedure for arbitration request,arbitrator appointment, choice of law, duration of proceeding andissuing award and the legal binding of the award.A. Latar BelakangUndang-undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 Tentang Arbitrase dan AlternatifPenyelesaian Sengketa (UU Arbitrase) secara tegas mengatakan bahwa putusanMajelis Arbitrase bersifat final dan mengikat. Pengajuan permohonan pembatalanmenurut Pasal 70 UU Arbitrase oleh pihak yang tidak puas atas putusanMajelis Arbitrase memiliki keterbatasan dalam alasan-alasan yang dapat dipergunakan,yaitu apabila putusan mengandung adanya dokumen diakui palsuatau dinyatakan palsu, ditemukannya dokumen yang bersifat menentukan yangdisembunyikan atau diambil dari hasil tipu muslihat. Priyatna Abdurrasyid(2002) mengartikan bahwa pembatalan putusan oleh pengadilan dapat dilakukanbilamana putusan arbitrase dilakukan dengan kewenangan yang berlebihansehingga putusan dapat disampingkan atau bilamana sebagian yurisdiksiberlebihan.Meskipun UU Arbitrase telah mengatur fungsi, kewenangan dan hukumacara Badan Arbitrase, namun demikian masih dapat terjadi benturan kewenanganPeradilan Umum dengan kewenangan arbitrase. Hal yang dikhawatirkanadalah apabila Pengadilan Negeri tidak menolak perkara permohonan pembatalanputusan arbitrase yang diajukan Pemohon terlepas dari alasan apapunyang dicantumkan. Sikap ini dapat memperpanjang rantai proses penyelesaianperbedaan dan menimbulkan tambahan beban ekonomi untuk menyelesaikanperkara baru tersebut. Tulisan berikut membahas berbagai kendala yuridisyang dihadapi para pihak yang berperkara dalam eksekusi putusan arbitrase,khususnya yang sering terjadi di bidang asuransi. Proses penyelesaian sengketaklaim asuransi menimbulkan dampak yang besar terhadap citra asuransidi mata masyarakat, kesadaran berasuransi masyarakat dan bagi pertumbuhanasuransi.B. Penyelesaian Sengketa AsuransiKlausul penyelesaian sengketa yang beredar dalam industri asuransi nasionalmemberikan pilihan untuk menyelesaikan perselisihan yang timbul mela-20INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/2008BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 20 26-Dec-08 10:03:46

Menghindarkan Penundaan Eksekusi Melalui Upaya Pembatalan PutusanTanpa Alasan Yang Sah - Kasus di Bidang Asuransilui arbitrase atau pengadilan atau sebatas pada forum arbitrase saja. Adapunyang dimaksudkan dengan forum arbitrase dalam praktik asuransi di Indonesiadewasa ini adalah arbitrase ad hoc. Klausul arbitrase standar pada umumnyatidak memberikan pilihan penunjukan badan arbitrase institusional sehinggapilihan ini hanya dapat dilakukan setelah timbul persengketaan padahal tentuakan sulit bagi para pihak untuk menyetujui sesuatu setelah timbul persengketaandi antara mereka.Proses penyelesaian sengketa klaim asuransi tersebut dapat mendekatkan ataumenjauhkan pencapaian asas keadilan, kemanfaatan dan kepastian hukum bagipara pihak. Dari berbagai jenis klausul arbitrase yang dipergunakan dalam polisasuransi, tidak tertutup kemungkinan adanya klausul yang isinya dapat mempersulitpara pihak. Tertanggung yang menutup polis asuransi mengharapkankepastian bahwa penanggung akan membayar setiap klaim yang timbul. Tanggungjawab penanggung hanya sebatas klaim yang sah. Keduanya tidak selalumenemukan kesepakatan sehingga penyelesaian klaim asuransi tidak selaluberjalan mulus.C. Klausul Penyelesaian SengketaUntuk mencapai penyelesaian perbedaan yang efektif dan efisien denganmemperhatikan berbagai kendala dalam penyelesaian perselisihan perjanjianasuransi dewasa ini, keterbatasan pemahaman masyarakat umum tentangarbitrase dan hambatan penyelesaian perbedaan, perselisihan dan klaimsecara cepat dan murah dibanding melalui forum pengadilan, penetapan aturanmengenai standar minimum isi klausul penyelesaian sengketa akan sangatbermanfaat. Untuk keperluan tersebut, menurut hemat penulis setiap klausulpenyelesaian perbedaan atau perselisihan pada setiap polis asuransi yang beredardalam wilayah RI, paling tidak harus mengandung ketentuan-ketentuansebagai berikut:1) Perkara yang dapat diselesaikan adalah setiap perbedaan, bukan terbataspada perselisihan atau persengketaan. Terdapat sejumlah klausul yanghanya mengatur persengketaan saja dan bahkan terdapat klausul yangmengatur persengketaan atas jumlah klaim saja (quantum) sehinggatidak ada forum penyelesaian sengketa atas perbedaan penafsiran dantidak ada forum untuk memutus perkara atas penentuan tanggung jawabpenanggung (liability).INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/200821BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 21 26-Dec-08 10:03:46

Menghindarkan Penundaan Eksekusi Melalui Upaya Pembatalan PutusanTanpa Alasan Yang Sah - Kasus di Bidang Asuransi2) Bilamana klausul penyelesaian sengketa memberikan pilihan antarapenyelesaian melalui Pengadilan Negeri atau Arbitrase, maka adalahtertanggung yang berhak memilih forum arbitrase yang akan dipergunakan.Hal ini sudah tercermin dalam tren asuransi nasional. Ketentuanini tidak bertentangan dengan bunyi Pasal 16 Keputusan MenteriKeuangan Nomor 422/KMK.06/2003 yang melarang adanya pembatasanupaya hukum bagi para pihak.3) Klausul penyelesaian sengketa dapat menunjuk kepada forum arbitrasead hoc atau arbitrase institusional yang diserahkan kepada tertanggunguntuk memilih sebelum sidang dimulai atau menentukan di muka pilihanforum arbitrase yang akan dipergunakan oleh para pihak. Ketentuan inibermanfaat untuk mengatasi keterbatasan pengetahuan dan akses yangdimiliki oleh tertanggung atas pilihan arbiter yang berkualitas denganmemilih forum arbitrase institusional dan memberikan keseimbanganakses pemilihan arbiter bagi tertanggung yang awam.4) Tidak memuat persyaratan izin dari pihak lawan terlebih dahulu bagisetiap pihak untuk mengajukan permohonan berarbitrase. Adalah MajelisArbitrase yang dipilih yang akan menentukan apakah perkara yangdiajukan termasuk dalam yurisdiksinya atau tidak. Klausul standarPolis Asuransi Kebakaran Indonesia (PSKI) yang menjadi klausul yangpaling banyak dipergunakan di Indonesia akhir-akhir ini mengandungketentuan bahwa, ”Sengketa terjadi sejak tertanggung dan penanggungmenyatakan secara tertulis ketidaksepakatan atas hal yang dipersengketakan”.Dikhawatirkan ketentuan ini disalahartikan oleh salah satu pihakatas dasar itikad tidak baik untuk menunda atau menolak berarbitrase,misalnya dengan alasan belum ada sengketa atau belum memberikanpersetujuan untuk berarbitrase. Sikap tersebut bertentangan dengan asashakiki arbitrase untuk menyelesaikan setiap perbedaan secara cepat berdasarkanhukum, keadilan dan kepatutan.5) Alasan permohonan pembatalan harus terlebih dahulu mendapat kekuatanhukum yang pasti berupa putusan pengadilan sesuai dengan bunyiPenjelasan atas Pasal 70 UU Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 bahwa : ”.........Alasan-alasanpermohonan pembatalan yang disebut dalam pasal ini harusdibuktikan dengan putusan pengadilan. Apabila pengadilan menyatakanbahwa alasan-alasan tersebut terbukti atau tidak terbukti, maka putusan22INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/2008BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 22 26-Dec-08 10:03:46

pengadilan ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pertimbangan bagi hakimuntuk mengabulkan atau menolak permohonan”. Bilamana prasyaratpengajuan permohonan tersebut tidak ada, maka hakim yang menerimaperkara secara jabatan harus menyatakan diri tidak berwenang.6) Pemohon akan menanggung semua biaya perkara dan biaya-biayahukum/perkara yang timbul atau dikeluarkan oleh pihak lawan atas permohonanpembatalan yang diajukan ke Pengadilan Negeri bilamana permohonanpembatalan ditolak.7) Klausul tersebut agar secara tegas menyatakan bahwa banding atas permohonanpembatalan yang ditolak oleh Pengadilan Negeri hanya dapatdilakukan atas permohonan pembatalan yang dikabulkan dan bahwahakim harus menolak banding yang diajukan atas perkara permohonanpembatalan yang telah ditolak oleh Pengadilan Negeri. Berdasarkan Penjelasanatas Pasal 72 UU No. 30 Tahun 1999, upaya banding hanya dapatdilakukan bilamana pembatalan putusan majelis arbitrase dikabulkan.Penjelasan atas bunyi Pasal 72 UU No. 30 Tahun 1999 tidak mengandungarti ganda atau lebih sehingga telah memberikan kepastian hukum tetapidemi efisiensi biaya dan waktu, penegasan tersebut akan memudahkanMahkamah Agung mengambil sikap dan menghindarkan memprosesPermohonan Banding atas permohonan pembatalan putusan MajelisArbitrase yang telah ditolak Pengadilan Negeri.8) Ketentuan lain yang tidak dapat ditinggalkan adalah ketentuan mengenaitata cara pengajuan permohonan berarbitrase, prosedur penunjukanarbiter, pilihan hukum, jangka waktu pemeriksaan dan pengambilanputusan dan sifat putusan arbitrase sebagai putusan final dan mengikatpara pihak.Sebagian dari ketentuan-ketentuan di atas telah termuat dalam UU ArbitraseNomor 30 Tahun 1999 Tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketatetapi keberadaan ketentuan tersebut dalam setiap klausul penyelesaian perselisihanakan mengeliminasi berbagai penundaan eksekusi yang dapat timbuldalam praktik bisnis asuransi dan sistem peradilan di Indonesia.D. KesimpulanMenghindarkan Penundaan Eksekusi Melalui Upaya Pembatalan PutusanTanpa Alasan Yang Sah - Kasus di Bidang AsuransiUntuk menciptakan tertib penyelesaian perbedaan dalam klaim asuransi danuntuk memberikan kepastian hukum bagi pencari keadilan keberadaan klau-INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/200823BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 23 26-Dec-08 10:03:47

Menghindarkan Penundaan Eksekusi Melalui Upaya Pembatalan PutusanTanpa Alasan Yang Sah - Kasus di Bidang Asuransisul Perselisihan atau Penyelesaian Sengketa pada setiap polis asuransi perlumemenuhi suatu kriteria minimum yang siap dipergunakan atas setiap perbedaandi antara para pihak.Junaedy Ganieseorang konsultan asuransi dan arbiter di BANI.Catatan: Materi tulisan ini dalam versi yang berbeda telah dimuat dalam Daily Investor(10 Desember 2008).24INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/2008BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 24 26-Dec-08 10:03:47

Prosedur Pemeriksaan PerkaraDalam Arbitrase Anangga W. Roosdionoa b s t r a c tIn general, there is no much difference between the arbitration proceedingand court litigation. Both are adjudicating mechanism, involving a thirdparty to resolve the dispute whose decision is binding. Arbitration is privateadjudicate while court litigation is public adjudicate. The arbitrationprocess begins with registration to the selected arbitration institution,complete with relevant evidences. The registration must be accompaniedby registration and administration fees the latter is usually based on thepercentage of claim and counter claim. The hearing will not start until theadministration fees are paid by the parties; should a party refuse to pay itsshare of the fee then the other party must making it up so the hearing willproceed. The parties have a right to nominate an arbitrator.The arbitration process is an effort to make settlement of disputeacceptable by the parties (win win solution). Therefore it is importantthat the arbitrators shall have a full understanding of the agreementand background of the dispute arises in execution of the agreement. Inorder to make the arbitration proceeds smoothly and produces an awardthat is fair and just, both Claimant and Respondent should make goodpreparation, including building a team, specifically dedicated to handle thecase. The team will consist of personnel who were involved in executionof the agreement, comprehend with the content of the agreement andfully understand on the cause of the dispute. The team may be assisted byinternal and external attorneys who can assist the team in relation to thelaws and regulations that are pertinent in execution of the agreement. Theinternal team should be able to provide the right information on the casebefore the Tribunal. In addition, the team shall look for and provide allthe evidences to the Tribunal and the other party. If necessary, the teamwill submit the fact and expert witnesses, who are not limited to companyofficers or attorneys. It is of paramount importance that the Claimant shallrealize that the basis of settlement is “win win solution”, so the amount ofaward could be less than the claim.INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/200825BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 25 26-Dec-08 10:03:48

Prosedur Pemeriksaan Perkara dalam ArbitraseIn the hearing, while the award is made based on certain facts anddocuments nonetheless the hearing has often been made to provideopportunities to parties for presenting the complete information on thematerials case and disputed issues. The hearing is fully under the controlof the Tribunal based on the “rules of procedures” and prevailing laws. Thehearing is closed session and only attended by those who have power ofattorney to attend and known by the parties. Other parties may not attend,unless they have prior approval from the parties and Tribunal. Negotiationbetween parties can always been made outside the hearing session withprior approval from the Tribunal. Opportunities have also to be given tothe Tribunal to initiate mediation, which will be conducted outside thehearing session. Under the mediation, the role of arbitrators is to assist andto provide guidance so the parties may reach a settlement agreement.Under the Indonesia Arbitration Law, the award will be registered in theDistrict Court, in order to make it executable. The parties are expected toaccept the Arbitration Award, as this is the forum that they have selected tosettle any dispute. While annulment of the award can always be requested,the parties should be aware with the purpose of the agreement, in which itstates that any dispute will be settled to obtain the win-win solution.Proses pemeriksaan perkara dalam arbitrase secara umum tidak jauh berbedadengan proses pemeriksaan di pengadilan. Baik arbitrase maupun litigasimerupakan mekanisme adjudikatif, yaitu pihak ketiga yang dilibatkan dalampenyelesaian sengketa mempunyai kewenangan memutuskan penyelesaiansengketa tersebut. Arbitrase termasuk adjudikatif privat sedang litigasi termasukadjudikatif publik.Prosedur arbitrase dibentuk oleh ketentuan hukum, perjanjian para pihak danarahan para arbiter. Apabila para pihak sepakat bahwa arbitrase akan dilaksanakanberdasarkan aturan suatu institusi atau aturan ad hoc maka prosedurarbitrase akan tunduk pada ketentuan institusi atau aturan ad hoc tersebut.Sebagaimana dinyatakan dalam Pasal 31 ayat (1) Undang-Undang No. 30 Tahun1999 Tentang Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa dan Arbitrase (UU Arbitrase),“Para pihak dalam suatu perjanjian yang tegas dan tertulis, bebas untuk menentukanacara arbitrase yang digunakan dalam pemeriksaan sengketa sepanjangtidak bertentangan dengan ketentuan dalam undang-undang ini. Berdasarkan26INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/2008BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 26 26-Dec-08 10:03:48

Prosedur Pemeriksaan Perkara dalam ArbitraseUU Arbitrase pemeriksaan arbitrase dilaksanakan melalui tiga (3) tahapan,yakni:1) Tahap Persiapan atau Pra Pemeriksaan, yang meliputi perjanjian Arbitrasedalam dokumen tertulis, penunjukan arbiter, pengajuan surat tuntutanoleh Pemohon, jawaban surat tuntutan oleh Termohon dan perintaharbiter agar para pihak menghadap sidang arbitrase.2) Tahap Pemeriksaan atau Penentuan, yang meliputi awal pemeriksaanperistiwanya, penelitian atas bukti-bukti dan pembahasannya, mediasidan pengambilan putusan oleh Majelis Arbitrase.3) Tahap Pelaksanaan, yang meliputi putusan arbitrase yang bersifat finaldan mengikat dan pelaksanaan yang bersifat sukarela atau melaluieksekusi Pengadilan.Tahap PersiapanProsedur arbitrase dimulai dengan pendaftaran dan penyampaian Permohonankepada institusi arbitrase yang ditunjuk, dilengkapi dengan segala alatbukti yang berkaitan dengan sengketa tersebut sesuai dengan aslinya. Permohonanarbitrase harus disertai pembayaran biaya pendaftaran dan biaya administrasikepada institusi bersangkutan. Pemeriksaan perkara arbitrase tidakakan dimulai sebelum biaya administrasi dilunasi. yang harus dibayar lunasoleh kedua belah pihak (untuk bagian yang sama). Pada umumnya penentuanbesarnya biaya administrasi adalah berdasarkan persentase dari tuntutan yangdiajukan Pemohon dan tuntutan balik dari Termohon. Bila salah satu berkeberatanmembayar biaya administrasi, maka pihak lawan harus melunasi keseluruhanbiaya agar persidangan dapat dimulai.Dalam Permohonan arbitrase harus dituliskan secara ringkas uraian tentangpermasalahan yang menjadi sengketa dan isi tuntutan ganti rugi atau pengembalianyang diharapkan dari pihak lainnya dengan melampirkan salinan naskahatau akta perjanjian arbitrase atau perjanjian lainnya yang memuat klausulaarbitrase. Pemohon dapat menunjuk atau memilih seorang arbiter atau menyerahkanpenunjukan arbiter kepada institusi arbitrase bersangkutan.Proses arbitrase adalah suatu upaya untuk mencari penyelesaian atas suatusengketa yang terjadi dalam pelaksanaan suatu perjanjian yang telah disepakatioleh para pihak yang kini bersengketa. Penyelesaian yang diharapkan dariINDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/200827BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 27 26-Dec-08 10:03:49

Prosedur Pemeriksaan Perkara dalam Arbitrasepara arbiter adalah adanya penyelesaian yang dapat diterima oleh kedua belahpihak (win win solution). Untuk dapat mengambil suatu putusan tersebut makahal yang terpenting bagi arbiter adalah mengerti sepenuhnya isi perjanjian yangmenjadi dasar dari sengketa dan latar belakang dari terjadinya sengketa dalampelaksanaan perjanjian tersebut. Dalam mencari penyelesaian tersebut, yangterpenting adalah pokok masalah sengketa atas pelaksanaan perjanjian danbukan masalah prosedural perjanjian atau persengketaan.Agar pemeriksaan berjalan lancar dan menghasilkan putusan yang adil, makabaik Pemohon maupun Termohon harus melakukan persiapan yang baik, antaralain dengan membentuk Tim internal yang khusus menangani masalah. Tim initerdiri dari personalia yang terlibat dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian dan mengetahuiisi perjanjian serta mengetahui dengan jelas sebab dari timbulnya sengketa.Tim ini dapat dibantu oleh penasehat hukum internal maupun eksternal yangdapat membantu Tim berkaitan dengan masalah peraturan dan perundanganyang menyangkut pelaksanaan perjanjian tersebut.Tim internal inilah yang harus dapat memberikan suatu gambaran yang tepatmengenai permasalahan yang dipersengketakan kehadapan arbiter. Selainharus menguasai seluruh aspek perjanjian dan persengketaan yang terjadiTim juga mencari dan memberikan semua alat bukti yang dapat digunakandan disampaikan kepada arbiter maupun pada pihak lawannya. Tim internalini juga dapat mengusulkan para pakar ataupun saksi ahli dan mendapat kuasauntuk mewakili dalam persidangan dan bukan hanya terbatas pada pimpinanperusahaan atau penasehat hukumnya.Dalam menetapkan jumlah tuntutan dalam sengketa arbitrase, Pemohonperlu mempertimbangkan bahwa atas dasar penyelesaian secara “win win solution”maka jumlah tuntutan yang dikabulkan sering kali kurang dari yang diajukan.Kemungkinan tidak tertutup bahwa jumlah putusan atas tuntutan dapatlebih kecil dari pada biaya administrasi arbitrase. Karenanya di dalam mengajukantuntutan Pemohon perlu melakukan perhitungan secara cermat berkaitandengan biaya administrasi, antara lain memperhatikan jumlah tuntutanyang realistis yang dapat kiranya diterima dalam putusan arbitrase, walaupunmemang kewajiban pembayaran biaya administrasi umumnya dibebankan bersamakepada kedua belah pihak.28INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/2008BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 28 26-Dec-08 10:03:49

Tahap PemeriksaanProsedur Pemeriksaan Perkara dalam ArbitraseWalaupun dalam beberapa kasus para pihak mengajukan sengketa untuk diputuskan/diselesaikansepenuhnya berdasarkan fakta-fakta tertentu, tuntutan tertulisdan dokumen-dokumen, namun pada umumnya suatu persidangan tetapdilaksanakan yang dihadiri oleh arbiter atau majelis arbiter dan para pihak yangbersangkutan, untuk memberikan kesempatan bagi para pihak untuk menyampaikansegala informasi yang lengkap dan adil kepada para arbiter mengenaiaspek material dari permasalahan yang dipersengketakan. Persidangan arbitrasesepenuhnya berada dibawah kuasa dan kendali para arbiter, dengan tetapmemperhatikan “rules of procedures” dan ketentuan perundangan yang berlaku.Persidangan arbitrase bersifat tertutup dan hanya dapat dihadiri oleh merekayang mendapat kuasa dari pimpinan masing-masing pihak dan diketahui olehkedua belah pihak. Pihak-pihak lain tidak dapat menghadirinya terkecuali mendapatpersetujuan dari kedua belah pihak dan dari arbiter/majelis arbiter.Dengan telah dimulainya proses pemeriksaan setelah dibentuknya MajelisArbiter maka semua komunikasi antara para pihak dengan arbiter harus dihentikan.Semua informasi baik dalam bentuk surat-menyurat maupun dokumenatau alat bukti aslinya harus diserahkan kepada panitera sidang disertai lima (5)salinan masing-masing untuk para arbiter dan para pihak. Semua informasiyang akan disampaikan secara lisan hanya dapat diterima apabila didengar olehpara arbiter dan para pihak dalam sidang, harus terdapat keterbukaan diantarasemua pihak. Setiap penyimpangan atas prosedur arbitrase termasuk namuntidak terbatas pada proses persidangan harus mendapat persetujuan oleh paraarbiter dan para pihak dalam suatu persidangan dan akan dicatat dalam beritaacara persidangan oleh Panitera.Dalam setiap persidangan selalu dimungkinkan kepada para pihak untukmelakukan negosiasi di luar sidang dan dapat diadakan setiap saat atas persetujuanpara arbiter dan para pihak. Kesempatan juga harus diberikan olehpara arbiter kepada para pihak untuk melakukan mediasi. Mediasi dilakukan diluar persidangan arbitrase dan bukan merupakan bagian dalam proses jalannyaarbitrase. Sasaran yang harus selalu menjadi pedoman bagi para pihak adalahtercapainya suatu penyelesaian atas sengketa yang dapat diterima oleh keduabelah pihak dengan mendapat bantuan dan arahan dari para arbiter dan putusanarbiter dapat diterima oleh para pihak, sehingga hubungan dan/atau transaksibisnis di antara para pihak dapat berjalan kembali.INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/200829BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 29 26-Dec-08 10:03:50

Prosedur Pemeriksaan Perkara dalam ArbitrasePara pihak harus berusaha agar dapat tercapainya suatu penyelesaian, demikebaikan bersama dan bukan demi kemenangan satu pihak. Cara pembatalanatas putusan arbitrase bukanlah suatu cara yang dapat dijadikan sebagai alatuntuk menyatakan ketidaksetujuan.Tahap PelaksanaanDengan didaftarkannya Putusan Arbitrase pada Panitera Pengadilan Negerisebagaimana yang ditetapkan dalam UU Arbitrase, maka putusan tersebutmempunyai kekuatan eksekutorial. Pelaksanaan Putusan Arbitrase tidaklahperlu menunggu eksekusi Pengadilan Negeri namun dapat dilakukan secarasukarela oleh pihak yang bersangkutan. Putusan Arbitrase selayaknya diterimaoleh kedua pihak yang menyerahkan penyelesaian sengketa kepada para arbiteryang mereka sendiri tunjuk dan percayai akan memberikan putusan yang adilatas permasalahan dalam perjanjian yang mereka sendiri setujui untuk bekerjasama.Terhadap Putusan Arbitrase para pihak dapat mengajukan permohonan pembatalan.Pengajuan permohonan pembatalan menurut Pasal 70 UU Arbitraseoleh pihak yang tidak puas atas putusan Majelis Arbitrase memiliki keterbatasandalam alasan-alasan yang dapat dipergunakan, yaitu apabila putusan mengandungadanya dokumen diakui palsu atau dinyatakan palsu, diketemukannyadokumen yang bersifat menentukan yang disembunyikan atau diambil darihasil tipu muslihat. Namun demikian, para pihak diharapkan kembali kepadamaksud dibuatnya perjanjian bahwa segala persengketaan akan diselesaikanuntuk mencapai sesuatu penyelesaian yang menguntungkan bagi kedua belahpihak. Penyelesaian sengketa melalui arbitrase adalah mengenai pokok permasalahanyang timbul dari perjanjian yang dibuat oleh para pihak dan diharapkanpenyelesaiannya dapat melanjutkan berlangsungnya perjanjian yang telahdibuat diantara para pihak atau paling tidak dapat tetap melanjutkan hubungankerja sama atau transaksi antara para pihak di kemudian hari.Anangga W. RoosdionoPenulis adalah Managing Partner Roosdiono & Partners dan arbiter di BANI30INDONESIA ARBITRATION - Quarterly Newsletter No. 5/2008BaniNL5IsiFIN18Des.indd 30 26-Dec-08 10:03:50