equesting that they complete an online survey to provide their views andimplementation experiences. A reminder email was sent prior to closing thesurvey on February 24, 2012. Twenty-six TTLs participated in the survey, a 33percent response rate. Table B.10 shows the number of survey respondents byregion and sector board.Table B.9Number of Survey Respondents by Primary Sector Board and RegionSector Board AFR EAP ECA HDN LAC MENA PREM SAR TotalSocial Protection 4 1 1 2 2 2 1 13Education 3 1 1 2 1 8Social Development 2 2Economic Policy 1 1 2Agriculture and RuralDevelopment1 1Total 9 2 3 2 4 2 1 3 26Source: IEG.Note: AFR= Africa; EAP= East Asia and Pacific; ECA= Europe and Central Asia; HDN= Human Development Network; LAC= LatinAmerica and the Caribbean; MENA= Middle East and North Africa; PREM= Poverty Reduction and Economic Management; SAR=South Asia Region.Note1. This approach left the Middle East and North Africa region with only one study(Jordan) included in the sample. It was decided to look at earlier years foradditional studies. On this basis, a 2004 study on the Tunisian Labor Market wasincluded in the sample.ReferencesAedo, Cristian, and Sergio Núñez. 2004. “The impact of training policies in LatinAmerica and the Caribbean: the Case of Programa Joven.” Research NetworkWorking Paper R-483. Inter-American Development Bank.Alzua, Maria Laura, and Pablo Brassiolo. 2006. “The Impact of Training Policies inArgentina: An <strong>Evaluation</strong> of Proyecto Joven.” IADB Office of <strong>Evaluation</strong> andOversight Working Paper OVE/WP-15/06, Argentina.Attanasio, Orazio, Adriana Kugler, and Costas Meghir. 2011. “Subsidizing VocationalTraining for Disadvantaged <strong>Youth</strong> in Colombia: Evidence from a RandomizedTrial.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3(3): 188–220.Benus, Jacob, James Rude and Satyendra Patrabansh. 2001. “Impact of theEmergency Demobilization and Reintegration Project in Bosnia andHerzegovina.” Department of Labor Bureau of International Affairs. DevelopmentImpact <strong>Evaluation</strong> (DIME).90 <strong>Youth</strong> <strong>Employment</strong> <strong>Programs</strong>
Bidani, Benu, Niels-Hugo Blunch, Chor-ching Goh and Christopher J. O’Leary. 2009.“Evaluating Job Training in Two Chinese Cities.” Journal of Chinese Economic andBusiness Studies 7 (1): 77–94.Blattman, Christopher, Nathan Fiala, and Sebastian Martinez. 2011. “Can<strong>Employment</strong> <strong>Programs</strong> Reduce Poverty and Social Instability ExperimentalEvidence from a Ugandan Aid Program.” World Bank Policy Research WorkingPaper series.Blundell, Richard, Monica Costa Dias, Costas Meghir, and John Van Reenen. 2004.“Evaluating the <strong>Employment</strong> Impact of a Mandatory Job Search AssistanceProgram.” Journal of the European Economic Association 2(4): 569–606.Brodaty, Thomas, Bruno Crépon, and Denis Fougère. 2001. “Using MatchingEstimators to Evaluate Alternative <strong>Youth</strong> <strong>Employment</strong> <strong>Programs</strong>: Evidence fromFrance, 1986–1988.” In Econometric <strong>Evaluation</strong> of Labour Market Policies, eds. M.Lechner and F. Pfeiffer. Heidelberg and New York: Physica-Verlag and Centre forEuropean Economic Research.Burghardt, John, and Peter Z. Schochet. 2001. “National Job Corps Study: Impactby Center Characteristics.” US Department of Labor, <strong>Employment</strong>, and TrainingAdministration. Washington, DC.Card, David, Pablo Ibarrarán, Ferdinando Regalia, David Rosas, and Yuri Soares.2011. “The Labor Market Impacts of <strong>Youth</strong> Training in the Dominican Republic.”Journal of Labor Economics 29(2): 267–300.Cardoso, Ana Rute. (2009). “Long-Term Impact of <strong>Youth</strong> Minimum Wages: Evidencefrom Two Decades of Individual Longitudinal Data.” IZA Discussion Paper No.4236.Chong, Alberto and Jose Galdo. 2006. “Does the Quality of Training <strong>Programs</strong> Matter?Evidence from Bidding Processes Data.” IZA Discussion Papers 2202. Institute forthe Study of Labor (IZA), Latin America.de Mel, Suresh, David McKenzie, and Christopher Woodruff. (2010). “Wage Subsidiesfor Microenterprises.” American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings 100 (2):614-18.Delajara, Marcelo, Samuel Freije, and Isidro Soloaga. 2006. “An <strong>Evaluation</strong> of Trainingfor the Unemployed in Mexico.” Working Paper: OVE/WP-09/06. Inter-AmericanDevelopment Bank, Office of <strong>Evaluation</strong> and Oversight.Díaz, Juan José, and Miguel Jaramillo. 2006. “<strong>Evaluation</strong> of the Peruvian <strong>Youth</strong>Labor Training Program – ProJoven.” Working Paper #1006. Inter-AmericanDevelopment Bank, Office of <strong>Evaluation</strong> and Oversight.Elías, Víctor, Fernanda Ruiz Núñez, Ricardo Cossa, and David Bravo. 2004. “AnEconometric Cost- Benefit Analysis of Argentina’s <strong>Youth</strong> Training Program.”Working Paper #R-482. Inter-American Development Bank.Appendix B: <strong>Evaluation</strong> Data Sources and Methods 91
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Youth EmploymentProgramsAn Evaluati
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The Bank’s Impact Evaluations on
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LACLICLILMBAMENANEETNGOOECDPADPCRPD
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IEG management and colleagues provi
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Youth Employment ChallengesIn gener
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implemented 12 of the 90 operations
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Kenya, entrepreneurship training fo
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• Help countries design intervent
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support to youth employment program
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tive rules on hiring and firing as
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Management Action RecordIEG Finding
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IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
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IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
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Report to the Board from the Commit
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could have focused more on the lack
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• Chapter Highlights• High yout
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and can afford to wait for a better
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ConsequencesEarly unemployment is s
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ReferencesBegg, David, Stanley Fisc
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Chapter 2What Are the World Bank an
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The strength and openness of the ec
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Interventions to Address Youth Empl
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commitments by the International Ba
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Figure 2.2Top 12 Youth Employment I
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• the substitution effect of bett
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Chapter 3What Is the Evidence that
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school dropouts early. Learning opp
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evaluations on what works best to p
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Agriculture, Health, Education, Soc
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Holzmann, Robert. 2007. MILES: Iden
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• Chapter Highlights• The Bank
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- Page 138 and 139: This appendix provides additional i
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to the definition of unemployment b
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In post-conflict zones with small f
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Public works programs in Bank proje
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marginal impact of school-to-work t
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of the program. However, results fo
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• Weak results frameworks on the
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sustainability. Zambia’s TEVET pr
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unemployed youth registered with th
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for Employment and Entrepreneurship
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Note1. The Technical and Vocational
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Ibarraran, Pablo, and David Rosas.
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World Bank. 2012a. “World Bank an
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IEG’s Youth Employment Evaluation
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Figure G.1 Facebook Demographics Ba
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Figure G.3Results on Rural Employme
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BibliographyBarrera, Felipe, Paul G
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———. 2011b. Migration and Rem
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The World Bank GroupWorking for a W