Youth Employment Programs - Independent Evaluation Group

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Table B.8CountryBosnia andHerzegovinaChinaColombiaDominicanRepublicYouth Employment Impact Evaluations (cont.)Evaluationstudy Interventions Target groupJalan andRavallion(2003)Benus andothers(2001)Bidaniand others(2009)Attanasioand others(2011)Kugler(2005)Medinaand Núñez(2001)Card andothers(2011)Tesliuc(2011)Fostering jobcreation/workopportunitiesDirect job creationSmoothing transitionfrom schoolto work andfacilitating jobmobilityCounselingSkillsdevelopmentRemedial TVETSkillsdevelopmentRemedial TVETSkillsdevelopmentRemedial TVETFostering jobcreation/workopportunitiesRegulations toprovide incentivesto firms to hireyoung people (jobsecurity regulations,severancepayments)SkillsdevelopmentRemedial TVETSmoothing transitionfrom schoolto work andfacilitating jobmobilityCounselingSkillsdevelopmentRemedial TVET,training subsidies,and vouchersSkillsdevelopmentRemedial TVET,training subsidies,and vouchersSelf-selectedunemployedworkers frompoor familiesDemobilizedsoldiers anddisplacedworkersObservationperiodEvaluationmethod1997 Propensityscore matching1996–1999 MeandifferencesYouth 1994–1996 Propensityscore matchingOrdinary leastsquareEmploymenteffectNAPositivePositive (inWuhan)Youth 2004–2006 Experiment Positive (forwomen)All workershired after1990 and coveredby thelegislation(formal-sectorworkers)1988–1996 Difference indifferenceYouth 1997 Propensityscore matchingVaries (dependingongender, age,educationlevel, industry,and firmsize)NAEarningseffectPositivePositivePositive (inShenyang)Positive (forwomen)NAInsignificantYouth 2004–2005 Experiment Insignificant PositiveYouth 2008–2011 Experiment Insignificant Positive84 Youth Employment Programs
Table B.8CountryFranceKenyaMexicoPanamaPeruPortugalRomaniaSri LankaYouth Employment Impact EvaluationsEvaluationstudy Interventions Target groupBrodatyand others(2001)Hicks andothers(2011)Delajaraand others(2006)Ibarraranand Rosas(2007)Chongand Galdo(2006)Díaz andJaramillo(2006)Cardoso(2009)Malamudand Pop-Eleches(2010)de Meland others(2010)Fostering jobcreation/workopportunitiesWage subsidiesSkillsdevelopmentRemedial TVETSkillsdevelopmentTraining subsidiesand vouchersFostering jobcreation/workopportunitiesTraining inentrepreneurshipSkillsdevelopmentRemedial TVETSkillsdevelopmentWork-based TVETRemedial TVETSkillsdevelopmentWork-based TVETRemedial TVETSkillsdevelopmentWork-based TVETRemedial TVETFostering jobcreation/workopportunitiesRegulations to incentivizefirms tohire young people(minimum wage)SkillsdevelopmentImproving thequality of formalTVETFostering jobcreation/workopportunitiesWage subsidiesObservationperiod(cont.)EvaluationmethodYouth 1986–1988 MatchingestimatorsYouth 2008–2010 Ordinary leastsquareRandom/fixedeffectYouth 1999–2004 Propensityscore matchingSelectioncorrectionYouth 2004–2005 MeandifferencesDynamicrandom coefficientlogitmodelYouth 1996–2004 Propensityscore matchingDifference indifferenceYouth 1999–2004 Propensityscore matchingDifference indifferenceYouth 1987–2005 Ordinary leastsquareYouth 1992–2002 RegressiondiscontinuityEmploymenteffectVariesNegative(short-run)PositiveInsignificantPositive forfemalesNAPositiveNAInsignificantYouth 2008–2010 Description Positive NANANAEarningseffectPositiveInsignificantPositive forfemalesPositivePositiveAn overallwagepremiumand a flattertenure-earningsprofile(long-run)Insignificant(Continues on the following page.)Appendix B: Evaluation Data Sources and Methods 85
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Youth EmploymentProgramsAn Evaluati
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The Bank’s Impact Evaluations on
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LACLICLILMBAMENANEETNGOOECDPADPCRPD
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IEG management and colleagues provi
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Youth Employment ChallengesIn gener
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implemented 12 of the 90 operations
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Kenya, entrepreneurship training fo
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• Help countries design intervent
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support to youth employment program
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tive rules on hiring and firing as
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Management Action RecordIEG Finding
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IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
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IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
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Report to the Board from the Commit
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could have focused more on the lack
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• Chapter Highlights• High yout
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and can afford to wait for a better
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ConsequencesEarly unemployment is s
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ReferencesBegg, David, Stanley Fisc
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Chapter 2What Are the World Bank an
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The strength and openness of the ec
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Interventions to Address Youth Empl
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commitments by the International Ba
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Figure 2.2Top 12 Youth Employment I
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• the substitution effect of bett
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Chapter 3What Is the Evidence that
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school dropouts early. Learning opp
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evaluations on what works best to p
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Agriculture, Health, Education, Soc
Page 69: Holzmann, Robert. 2007. MILES: Iden
Page 72 and 73: • Chapter Highlights• The Bank
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Page 78 and 79: facilitated 69 foreign work contrac
Page 80 and 81: awarded vouchers to about 1,000 out
Page 82 and 83: • Comparing the interventions ana
Page 84 and 85: Hjort, Jonas, Michael Kremer, Isaac
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 5Recommendations
Page 89: farm self-employment and employment
Page 92 and 93: This appendix presents the factors
Page 94 and 95: Organization for Standardization (I
Page 96 and 97: Box A.3Youth as a Demographic Divid
Page 98 and 99: Table A.1Types of Youth Employment
Page 100 and 101: Notes1. This phenomenon could be le
Page 103 and 104: Appendix BEvaluation Data Sources a
Page 105 and 106: Identification and Analysis of the
Page 107 and 108: • Making the labor market work be
Page 109 and 110: Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
Page 111 and 112: Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
Page 113 and 114: Table B.4(I)nvestmentClimate(L)abor
Page 115 and 116: Table B.6List of Economic Sector Wo
Page 117 and 118: ment, Private Sector Development, a
Page 119: Other evaluations with outcome meas
Page 123 and 124: Table B.8CountryUnitedStatesYouth E
Page 125 and 126: Table B.8CountryEuropeancountriesLa
Page 127 and 128: Bidani, Benu, Niels-Hugo Blunch, Ch
Page 129: Training Replication Sites.” Manp
Page 132 and 133: Appendix C provides additional info
Page 134 and 135: Box C.2Global Partnership for Youth
Page 136 and 137: ReferencesAedo, Cristian, and Ian W
Page 138 and 139: This appendix provides additional i
Page 140 and 141: The number of projects and total le
Page 142 and 143: Figure D.2World Bank Youth Employme
Page 144 and 145: Table D.5Intervention categoryYouth
Page 146 and 147: Table D.7Prevalence of Project Obje
Page 148 and 149: Table D.9Target Groups of Project O
Page 150 and 151: Table D.11Type of Interventions Sup
Page 152 and 153: Table D.13 Frequently Used Youth Em
Page 154 and 155: In sum, this portfolio review chapt
Page 156 and 157: approach in Turkey and Sierra Leone
Page 158 and 159: This appendix presents a detailed a
Page 160 and 161: to Finance business line, over a si
Page 162 and 163: entrepreneurship projects. Investme
Page 164 and 165: IFC has three types of investments
Page 166 and 167: Box E.1Africa Schools ProgramIFC su
Page 168 and 169: Box E.2e4e Initiative for Arab Yout
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3. IFC’s Advisory Services corpor
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This appendix presents lessons for
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Labor Market RegulationsLabor marke
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to the definition of unemployment b
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In post-conflict zones with small f
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Public works programs in Bank proje
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marginal impact of school-to-work t
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of the program. However, results fo
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• Weak results frameworks on the
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sustainability. Zambia’s TEVET pr
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unemployed youth registered with th
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for Employment and Entrepreneurship
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Note1. The Technical and Vocational
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Ibarraran, Pablo, and David Rosas.
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World Bank. 2012a. “World Bank an
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IEG’s Youth Employment Evaluation
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Figure G.1 Facebook Demographics Ba
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Figure G.3Results on Rural Employme
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BibliographyBarrera, Felipe, Paul G
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———. 2011b. Migration and Rem
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The World Bank GroupWorking for a W
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Youth Employment Programs - Independent Evaluation Group

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