Youth Employment Programs - Independent Evaluation Group

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LACLICLILMBAMENANEETNGOOECDPADPCRPDOPPARPREMPSALSARSBASDNSILSIYBSMESPLSTEPTALTEVETTEVETATVETUCWWDIWDRXPSRYENLatin America and the CaribbeanLow-income countryLearning and Innovation LoanMaster of Business AdministrationMiddle East and North AfricaNot in education, employment, or trainingNongovernmental organizationOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentProject Appraisal DocumentProject Completion Report (IFC)Project development objectiveProject Performance Assessment ReportPoverty Reduction and Economic ManagementProgrammatic Structural Adjustment LoanSouth Asia RegionSustainable Business AdvisorySustainable Development NetworkSpecific investment loanStart and Improve Your BusinessSmall and medium enterpriseSocial Protection and Labor StrategySkills toward Employment and ProductivityTechnical Assistance LoanTechnical Education, Vocational and EntrepreneurshipTrainingTEVET AuthorityTechnical and vocational education and trainingUnderstanding Children’s WorkWorld Development IndicatorsWorld Development ReportExtended Project Supervision Report (IFC)Youth Employment NetworkviiiYouth Employment Programs
AcknowledgmentsThis evaluation is a product of the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG). Thereport was prepared by Pia Schneider with contributions from a team of evaluatorsand analysts. Management oversight was provided by Vinod Thomas,Cheryl Gray, and Monika Huppi during the approach paper phase, and thereafterby Caroline Heider and Mark Sundberg. Maria Margarita Sanchez wasresponsible for all administrative aspects of the evaluation. William Hurlbutprovided editorial support.The Bank’s project portfolio and country studies were identified by AlemayehuAmbel and Ursula Martinez. Susan Caceres, Toneema Haq, Ursula Martinez,and Pia Schneider reviewed documents for the World Bank projects. Xue Liconducted all quantitative analysis for the World Bank projects. Izlem Yeniceand Geeta Batra conducted the analysis of the International Finance Corporation(IFC) portfolio and wrote the IFC chapter.The 18 country studies were conducted by Mauricio Carizzosa (Brazil, Colombia,Turkey, and a field visit to Dominican Republic), Susan Caceres (Romania),Basil Kavalsky (Ghana, Liberia, and South Africa), Xubei Luo (China),Victoria Monchuk (Burkina Faso and Nigeria), Pia Schneider (Rwanda), andHjalte Sederlof (Armenia, Bangladesh, Dominican Republic, Indonesia, Morocco,and Tunisia). Field visits were conducted to Dominican Republic, Ghana,Liberia, Rwanda, and Tunisia. Izlem Yenice provided private sector input to allcountry studies. The country studies were coordinated by Susan Caceres andVictoria Monchuk and peer-reviewed by John Eriksson. Issue notes based onthe country studies were prepared by Susan Caceres and Victor Macias.Michelle Riboud prepared a background note on the taxonomy for youth employmentprograms. John Middleton prepared a note on skills building. HongTan prepared a note on private sector development and youth employment.Basil Kavalsky identified and reviewed 21 pieces of economic and sector workrelated to youth employment. Xue Li and Pia Schneider conducted the literaturereview and systematic review of 38 impact evaluations on youth employmentprograms. Amy Knaup supported this literature review. The literaturereview is available as a separate IEG publication.Key informant interviews with Bank management were conducted by VictorMacias, Michelle Riboud, Pia Schneider, and Hjalte Sederlof; and with IFCmanagement by Geeta Batra and Izlem Yenice. Victor Macias conducted andanalyzed a staff survey with task team leaders of youth employment projects.The evaluation greatly benefited from financial support from the NorwegianAgency for Development Cooperation (NORAD). Norwegian funds helped supportconsultants’ time and travel for conducting the Tunisia country studyand several background notes. The Norwegian support greatly enhanced thequality and depth of the data collection and evaluation analysis.Acknowledgments ix
Page 5 and 6: Youth EmploymentProgramsAn Evaluati
Page 8 and 9: The Bank’s Impact Evaluations on
Page 12 and 13: IEG management and colleagues provi
Page 14 and 15: Youth Employment ChallengesIn gener
Page 16 and 17: implemented 12 of the 90 operations
Page 18 and 19: Kenya, entrepreneurship training fo
Page 20 and 21: • Help countries design intervent
Page 22 and 23: support to youth employment program
Page 24 and 25: tive rules on hiring and firing as
Page 26 and 27: Management Action RecordIEG Finding
Page 28 and 29: IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
Page 30 and 31: IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
Page 33 and 34: Report to the Board from the Commit
Page 35: could have focused more on the lack
Page 38 and 39: • Chapter Highlights• High yout
Page 40 and 41: and can afford to wait for a better
Page 42 and 43: ConsequencesEarly unemployment is s
Page 44 and 45: ReferencesBegg, David, Stanley Fisc
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 2What Are the World Bank an
Page 49 and 50: The strength and openness of the ec
Page 51 and 52: Interventions to Address Youth Empl
Page 53 and 54: commitments by the International Ba
Page 55: Figure 2.2Top 12 Youth Employment I
Page 58 and 59: • the substitution effect of bett
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Chapter 3What Is the Evidence that
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school dropouts early. Learning opp
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evaluations on what works best to p
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Agriculture, Health, Education, Soc
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Holzmann, Robert. 2007. MILES: Iden
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• Chapter Highlights• The Bank
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Argentina, Bulgaria, Colombia, and
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facilitated 69 foreign work contrac
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awarded vouchers to about 1,000 out
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• Comparing the interventions ana
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Hjort, Jonas, Michael Kremer, Isaac
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Chapter 5Recommendations
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farm self-employment and employment
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This appendix presents the factors
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Organization for Standardization (I
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Box A.3Youth as a Demographic Divid
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Table A.1Types of Youth Employment
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Notes1. This phenomenon could be le
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Appendix BEvaluation Data Sources a
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Identification and Analysis of the
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• Making the labor market work be
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Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
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Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
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Table B.4(I)nvestmentClimate(L)abor
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Table B.6List of Economic Sector Wo
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ment, Private Sector Development, a
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Other evaluations with outcome meas
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Table B.8CountryFranceKenyaMexicoPa
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Table B.8CountryUnitedStatesYouth E
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Table B.8CountryEuropeancountriesLa
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Bidani, Benu, Niels-Hugo Blunch, Ch
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Training Replication Sites.” Manp
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Appendix C provides additional info
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Box C.2Global Partnership for Youth
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ReferencesAedo, Cristian, and Ian W
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This appendix provides additional i
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The number of projects and total le
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Figure D.2World Bank Youth Employme
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Table D.5Intervention categoryYouth
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Table D.7Prevalence of Project Obje
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Table D.9Target Groups of Project O
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Table D.11Type of Interventions Sup
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Table D.13 Frequently Used Youth Em
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In sum, this portfolio review chapt
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approach in Turkey and Sierra Leone
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This appendix presents a detailed a
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to Finance business line, over a si
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entrepreneurship projects. Investme
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IFC has three types of investments
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Box E.1Africa Schools ProgramIFC su
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Box E.2e4e Initiative for Arab Yout
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3. IFC’s Advisory Services corpor
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This appendix presents lessons for
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Labor Market RegulationsLabor marke
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to the definition of unemployment b
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In post-conflict zones with small f
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Public works programs in Bank proje
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marginal impact of school-to-work t
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of the program. However, results fo
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• Weak results frameworks on the
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sustainability. Zambia’s TEVET pr
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unemployed youth registered with th
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for Employment and Entrepreneurship
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Note1. The Technical and Vocational
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Ibarraran, Pablo, and David Rosas.
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World Bank. 2012a. “World Bank an
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IEG’s Youth Employment Evaluation
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Figure G.1 Facebook Demographics Ba
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Figure G.3Results on Rural Employme
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BibliographyBarrera, Felipe, Paul G
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———. 2011b. Migration and Rem
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The World Bank GroupWorking for a W
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