City of Darebin Heritage Study Volume 1 Draft Thematic

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DAREBIN HERITAGE STUDY STAGE 2142• Why is it significant? This provides a summary of the reasons why each stage is significant.In accordance with the definition set out above (Pearson and Sullivan, 1995), this does notattempt to list every reason, but provides an overview of the key reasons why the City ofDarebin is significant, particularly when compared to other metropolitan areas.9.2 What is Significant?The natural and cultural heritage places in the City of Darebin contains are significant foraesthetic, historic, scientific, social and spiritual values.Creating Darebin (pre 1835)The area that is now the City of Darebin has its origins in tens of thousands of years ofAboriginal occupation and settlement as the traditional country of the Wurundjeri willam. Thelocal Aboriginal people’s traditions about how the land and its features were created are uniqueto the area and of great cultural significance.The environment was (and continues to be) inherent to the groups’ spiritual and socialtraditions. The rich abundance of natural resources were used and altered through activitiessuch as fire - stick farming and making and using stone tools and implements. The water ways,particularly Merri and Darebin Creeks, were central meeting places for the Wurundjeri willamand visiting clans from the wider Woi wurrung network. The pre-contact Aboriginal history ofthe study area is evidenced by the rich archaeological deposits, scar trees and a range of othersites, and the enduring spiritual and cultural associations of local Aboriginal people with thelandscape and its features.The places associated with this theme illustrate the natural process over thousands of years thatcreated the study area as it was at the time of European invasion and settlement. Creationstories of the Woi wurrung also explain how the wider landscape was shaped by ancestorbeings. Significant places associated with the theme of Creating Darebin include:• Natural features, especially the distinctive geology, landscapes, and flora and fauna of thestudy area which have evolved over millions of years;• Places associated with the creation stories of the Woi wurrung, which explain how thewider landscape was shaped by ancestor beings• The scientific, social and spiritual significance of the pre-contact Aboriginal culturallandscape and its influence on subsequent layers of European development of the city, andthe ongoing importance of the Aboriginal cultural heritage to Aboriginal people and thebroader community.First contact and pastoralists (c.1835-c.1870s)Chapter 1 provides an overview of the first contact between Aboriginal people and Europeanexplorers and settlers and it is noted that the site of first contact between John Batman andAboriginal people was possibly within Darebin. This is the era, which led to the eventualdisplacement of many Aboriginal people and the creation of new communities that wouldbecome Northcote and Preston and their surrounding districts.Examples of places associated with the era of First Contact and Pastoralists include:• Places associated with first contact between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people;• Places associated with the continuing occupation of the land by Aboriginal people afterfirst contact.• Places associated with the occupation, and displacement of the local Aboriginalcommunities in Darebin;• Places associated with the history of the colonial administration of Aboriginal people
VOLUME 2: THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY• Places associated with land speculators, pastoralists and immigrant groups;• Places associated with formation of new communities such as churches, cemeteries andcommunity buildings.• Places associated with the establishment of early transport networks.Boom, bust and recovery (c1870s – c1910s)The land speculation, which began in the 1850s gathered pace in the 1870s and 1880s. Theurban boundaries were pushed out as people sharing in the general prosperity sought newresidential lands in which to build homes. Darebin had many acres of vacant land, held byspeculators waiting for the right time to sell, however, the area was disadvantaged by a lack ofgood transport facilities. Even so, the boom took hold in Darebin, where many estates weresubdivided and offered for sale, using creative marketing techniques. Industries wereestablished, transport networks developed and expanded and civic institutions were established.The development of railways and the first cable tram networks, in particular, had a significantinfluence upon the pattern of settlement that extended northward in a narrow band along thekey routes of St Georges Road, the Whittlesea railway and High Street. The 1890s halteddevelopment for over a decade, butSignificant places associated with the era of Boom, bust and recovery include:• Places associated with the ‘boom and bust’ speculative development in the late nineteenthcentury, such as working class cottages, middle class villas and ‘boom-style’ mansions;• Places associated with failed speculative subdivisions, which illustrate how far suburbandevelopment expanded prior to the 1890s depression;• Places associated with the establishment and development of rural, extractive andmanufacturing industries in Darebin;• Places associated with the establishment of Melbourne’s first water supply;• Places associated with the establishment and development of Darebin and Melbourne’sroad network;• Places associated with the establishment and development of the public transport network,and that illustrate its influence upon suburban development;• Places associated with the early development of local retail centres, particularly along HighStreet;• Places associated with the establishment of local government authorities;Becoming cities – the interwar suburban boom (c.1910s – c1950s)After the interruption caused by World War One, Darebin entered perhaps its most significantphase of development. Northcote had been proclaimed a city by 1914, and Preston followedsuit by 1926. This was the era of ‘Garden Suburb’ housing estates that were constructed alongkey transport routes including the expanding tram network, which was developed first by theFitzroy-Northcote-Preston Tramway Trust and later by the Melbourne and MetropolitanTramways Board who established their depot and workshops at Preston in 1924. This includedsome of the first ‘public’ housing estates in Victoria, which were developed by War ServiceHomes Commission from 1919-20 and the Housing Commission of Victoria (1938 onwards).High Street developed into a major shopping centre. During this time, the rural seclusion ofthe northern parts of Darebin and its large undeveloped areas continued to various health andwelfare institutions seeking rural land near the city. Darebin became home to a number ofmajor health institutions that brought people in from the wider community for care andtreatment. This included the repatriation of returned servicemen.143
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City of Darebin Heritage Study Volume 1 Draft Thematic

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