<strong>Applying</strong> the <strong>Policies</strong>Use & AllocationPOLICY 3.4Surface water shall be managed to ensure sustainability <strong>of</strong> supplies.BackgroundApproximately 80 percent <strong>of</strong> <strong>Manitoba</strong>’s watersupplies are obtained from surface sources. A significantproportion <strong>of</strong> these water supplies – that used byresidents, businesses, and industries <strong>of</strong> the City <strong>of</strong>Winnipeg – is obtained from Shoal Lake. The watersupplies for the remaining surface water uses outsideWinnipeg are obtained from a variety <strong>of</strong> smallersources including lakes, rivers, and streams <strong>of</strong> smallersizes. These surface water sources vary considerablyin quality, quantity, and dependability.One <strong>of</strong> the main limitations affecting surfacewater supply capability is the intermittent nature <strong>of</strong>streamflow. Flows vary from short periods <strong>of</strong>extreme run<strong>of</strong>f or flood flows to long periods <strong>of</strong> moderate,low, or zero flows. Generally, the larger watershedsproduce the more dependable flows and watersupplies, while the small steeper watersheds generatethe more intermittent flows and less dependable watersupplies. In some circumstances, water supply capabilityalong intermittent streams is enhanced by naturalor constructed water storage reservoirs.On streams where flows are very intermittent andwhere storage opportunities are few, water use planningand allocation decisions become difficult andcomplicated, and water use conflicts are common.Demands for water <strong>of</strong>ten approach or exceed the supplycapability <strong>of</strong> the waterbody. Flow requirementsneeded to support the aquatic ecosystem and otherinstream uses are <strong>of</strong>ten overlooked or compromised.The value and sustainability <strong>of</strong> surface water suppliesare also greatly affected by water quality. Inaddition to the many natural factors which affect quality,our surface sources can be contaminated ordegraded by human activities. Domestic sewage, sedimentfrom field erosion, municipal and industrialwastes, animal wastes, fertilizers, pesticides, leachatefrom landfill sites, petroleum products, and acid rainare some <strong>of</strong> the many examples <strong>of</strong> pollutants thatenter surface waterbodies as a result <strong>of</strong> human activities.<strong>Water</strong>bodies can purify themselves biologically,but only to a degree. There is a point at which thenatural cleansing processes can no longer cope.Pollution can destroy aquatic life and diminish its productiveability. It can diminish the aesthetic quality <strong>of</strong>lakes and rivers, and make water unsuitable for drinking,recreation, agriculture, or industry. <strong>Water</strong> pollutioncan ultimately affect human health and wellbeing. Measures must be adopted to minimize thedegradation <strong>of</strong> our surface water supplies by humanactivities.Intent1. To ensure the sustained quality and quantity <strong>of</strong>surface water to meet the needs <strong>of</strong> present andfuture generations.2. To ensure that proposed surface water uses donot negatively affect existing or potential higherpriority uses.Application1. The <strong>Government</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Manitoba</strong> will:• ensure that water storage dams and reservoirs aredeveloped and operated to maximize the use <strong>of</strong> surfacewater supplies.• explore, and implement where practical, economicallyand environmentally sound water retentionand flow augmentation projects to improve the supply<strong>of</strong> water.36
<strong>Applying</strong> the <strong>Policies</strong>Use & Allocation• develop standards, guidelines, and objectives todefine acceptable water quality for all uses.• monitor flow, volume, and water quality in surfacewater sources and maintain a comprehensive surfacewater data base.• evaluate surface water sources to define their flowregimes, water quality, and suitability for water supplyand use.• allocate water from surface sources and regulateuse in accordance with the capacity and quality limitations<strong>of</strong> the waterbody, and in support <strong>of</strong> theguidelines and priorities established through basinplanning processes.3. Landowners, corporations, industry, and allother surface water users can:• ensure that development is undertaken in accordancewith legislation and the guidelines developedby provincial and local authorities.• ensure that land and water uses and other activitiessupport the protection and sustainability <strong>of</strong> surfacewater sources.• adopt appropriate water conservation measures toensure the availability <strong>of</strong> sufficient surface water.• apply land use planning, and regulation where necessary,to guide land and water use and other activitiesthat can affect water quality.• undertake promotional, informational, and technicalsupport initiatives concerning measures to protectsurface water supplies.• promote water conservation and explore measures,such as demand management, that support conservation<strong>of</strong> water.2. Local authorities can:• maintain effective liaison with provincial authoritiesto ensure that surface water supply conditions anddevelopment constraints and guidelines related towater and use supply are clearly understood.• promote, plan, and control local development inaccordance with the supply limitations and qualityobjectives determined for local surface watersources.• incorporate appropriate pricing for water frommunicipal or community systems to encourage thewise use and conservation <strong>of</strong> water.37