Patterned and switchable surfaces for biomaterial applications

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Chapter 1 - Introductionmorphology of adsorbed dsDNA could be changed by application of an increasedmagnitude of positive voltage.Heller et al., [92] utilised the electro-responsive nature of DNA to formswitchable checkerboard patterns of fluorescently labelled DNA on a microelectronicchip (Figure 1.6). By application of the appropriate positive and negative voltagesDNA became spatially confined and a pattern was formed (Figure 1.6B). The inversecheckerboard pattern was formed by reversing the polarity of the applied voltage,and this reorientation was complete after 7 s (Figure 1.6D). Analysis of thestringency of DNA hybridisation was also achieved by controlling the surfacediffusion of DNA oligonucleotides to move, on demand, over different regionsfunctionalised with complementary or slightly mismatched oligonucleotides. Gilleset al., [93] used this technology to study single point mutations along the encoding ahuman mannose binding protein. Point mutations on genes are stable and cancontribute to genetic disorders. Detection of a single point mutation is difficultconsidering the vast number of base pairs within any given genome. Gilles et al., [93]immobilised a number of different single stranded 123 bp oligonucleotide fragmentsof the allele of a mannose binding protein gene that differed by single pointmutations at different sites on a 5 x 5 microelectronic chip array by streptavidinbiotininteractions. Application of a positive voltage at a particular site directed theimmobilisation of each strand to a desired location. 21 or 22 bp oligonucleotideprobes specific for the wild type allele or specific for a particular single pointmutation were injected into the system and allowed to hybridise with immobilisedDNA strands. By application of a negative voltage at a specific site the mismatchedprobe DNA could be driven away, whereas complementary probes would stay1-32
Andrew Hook – Patterned and switchable surfaces for biomaterial applicationsbehind. This strategy enabled the differentiation of the wild type and single pointmutation oligonucleotides.1-33
Page 1 and 2: Patterned andswitchable surfacesfor
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS
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Page 12 and 13: CHAPTER 1.INTRODUCTION1The content
Page 14 and 15: Chapter 1 - Introductionconsiderabl
Page 16 and 17: Chapter 1 - Introductioninteraction
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 1 - IntroductionIn general,
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 1 - IntroductionFor some ap
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Page 52 and 53: Chapter 1 - Introduction1.4.1. DNA
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CHAPTER 3.COMPARISON OF THE BINDING
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DNA (mg/m 2 ) DNA (mg/m 2 )Andrew H
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DNA (mg/m 2 )Andrew Hook - Patterne
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Chapter 4 - Formation of a chemical
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CHAPTER 5.SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE
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SPR signal intensity (counts)Andrew
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Reflectivity (%) Reflectivity (%)An
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Reflectivity (%)SPR signal intensit
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SPR signal intensity (counts)Andrew
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Thickness (nm)Thickness (nm)Thickne
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CHAPTER 6.OVERALL CONCLUSIONS6.6An
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Chapter 6 - Overall conclusionsThes
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Chapter 6 - Overall conclusionsnew
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Force (nN)Force (nN)Force (nN)Force
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