Patterned and switchable surfaces for biomaterial applications

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Chapter 6 – Overall conclusionsThese molecules possess a negative charge at physiological pH, thus, shouldelectrostatically repel each other. However, despite this a high binding capacity ofCN type I and FN to PAA was observed that exceeded the binding capacity tocationic polymers (section 5.4.3). The mechanism of CN type I and FN adsorption toPAA, similar to DNA adsorption to ALAPP, may involve the adsorption of apositively charged domains of CN type I or FN to the PAA.Microarrays have revolutionised genomic studies and are a key enabling tool forthe identification and characterisation of new biomaterials. The formation of DNA,cell and polymer microarrays have all been explored in this thesis (section 2.3.4,4.3.2, 4.3.4 and 5.4.1) and the ability to analyse various biological and chemicalfeatures in a high-throughput, cost-effective manner has been demonstrated. Thedevelopment of TCMs is a particularly exciting and important development for highthroughputstudies of genomics. The increased understanding of DNA-surfaceinteractions and the development of advanced material surfaces combined with theability to temporally and spatially manipulate biomolecules provide the means todevelop highly functional and reliable platforms for advanced genomic analysis.A novel approach was explored for the advanced substrate fabrication of cellmicroarrays, as discussed in CHAPTER 4. Here, surface patterning using roboticcontact printing was combined with the photo-induced chemistry of phenylazide. Theformation of stable surface patterns utilising a highly reactive crosslinker bound tosoluble synthetic polymers enabled the covalent photo-induced linkage of theresultant polymer arrays to a broad range of organic substrate materials, includinglow fouling poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) coatings. Furthermore, polymer microarrayformation enabled the pre-patterning of microarray substrates for the formation ofbiomolecule microarrays, which was demonstrated by the formation of a cell6-210
Andrew Hook – Patterned and switchable surfaces for biomaterial applicationsmicroarray (section 4.3.4). Use of robotic contact printing makes integrated polymerand biomolecular arrays accessible to life science laboratories for the first time, towhom this technology is of particular interest. Furthermore, this novel approach is ofparticular significance for TCM technology, whereby problems associated withcross-contamination between adjacent spots on the microarray by DNA surfacediffusion and cell migration are alleviated, allowing for higher density arrays.Moreover, this approach may also reduce processing times associated with theanalysis of arrays by removing the need to differentiate between transfected cells andthe background of non-transfected cells encountered when no chemical pattern ispresent. The continued development of RNAi techniques on TCMs for highthroughputloss-of-function studies and the development of methods enabling highlyresolved subcellular phenotypic examination will see more in-depth studies beingundertaken, not only into gene function but also into the machinery involved in geneexpression. Furthermore, the development of cDNA and RNAi genome widelibraries will enable the high-throughput, rapid and inexpensive analysis of entiregenomes.High-throughput, cost-effective studies of microarrays were also investigated inCHAPTER 5, where the high-throughput analysis of the interaction of CN type I, FNand bovine serum albumin (BSA) to a polymer microarray was explored by surfaceplasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). This approach is of interest as it has the potentialto investigate the interaction of individual biomolecules with a polymer microarraywithout the need for fluorescent labelling in a high-throughput format. Such studiesare complementary to the high-throughput studies of the cellular behaviour andchemical characterisation of polymer microarrays, which have previously beenreported. These techniques are invaluable for the determination of the suitability of6-211
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TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS
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CHAPTER 1.INTRODUCTION1The content
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Chapter 1 - Introductionconsiderabl
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Chapter 1 - Introductioninteraction
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Chapter 1 - IntroductionIn general,
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Chapter 1 - IntroductionFor some ap
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Chapter 1 - Introductionangles rang
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Chapter 1 - Introductionof understa
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Chapter 1 - IntroductionSeveral str
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Chapter 1 - Introductioncues to con
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Chapter 1 - Introductionby controll
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Chapter 1 - Introduction1.2.2. Soft
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Chapter 1 - Introductionsubstrate.
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Chapter 1 - Introduction(A)(B)Figur
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Chapter 1 - Introduction(A)(B)(C)(C
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Chapter 1 - Introductioncomplex gen
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Chapter 1 - Introductionmorphology
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Chapter 1 - Introduction(A)(B)(C)(D
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Chapter 1 - Introductionthe LCST, a
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Chapter 1 - IntroductionHyun et al.
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Chapter 1 - Introductionmicelles. T
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Chapter 1 - Introduction1.4.1. DNA
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Chapter 1 - IntroductionA major pro
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Chapter 1 - Introductionattached to
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Chapter 1 - IntroductionTable 1.1.
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Chapter 1 - Introductionefficiencie
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Chapter 1 - Introductionachieved by
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Chapter 1 - IntroductionTable 1.2.
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Chapter 1 - IntroductionOnce releas
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Chapter 1 - Introductionimaging not
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Chapter 1 - IntroductionA number of
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CHAPTER 2.SPATIALLY CONTROLLED ELEC
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DNA (mg/m 2 ) DNA (mg/m 2 )Andrew H
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CHAPTER 5.SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE
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