Patterned and switchable surfaces for biomaterial applications
Patterned and switchable surfaces for biomaterial applications
Patterned and switchable surfaces for biomaterial applications
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Chapter 5 – Surface plasmon resonance imaging of polymer microarraysby this method was used to identify polymers that promoted the attachment ofdendritic cells, which is an important step in the development of phagocytosis assays[144]. Polymers containing poly(tetramethylene glycol) <strong>and</strong> 4,4’methylenebis(phenylisocyanate) were found to be suitable <strong>for</strong> this application [144]. Thisapproach has been further developed by incorporating a <strong>switchable</strong> cross-linkeractivated by UV exposure into the polymer arrays, resulting in the <strong>for</strong>mation ofcovalently linked, rigid, stable polymer spots suitable <strong>for</strong> long incubation time cellgrowth analysis (See CHAPTER 4)[215]. This technique also benefits protein <strong>and</strong>cell microarrays by enabling the <strong>for</strong>mation of adhesive areas on a low-foulingpolymer background. Pattern <strong>for</strong>mation using the same apparatus as is used to arrayproteins or cells avoids misalignment between surface patterns <strong>and</strong> enables surfacepatterning <strong>and</strong> biomolecule deposition in a one step procedure.The high-throughput, expeditious characterisation of the resultant polymermicroarrays is imperative <strong>for</strong> assessment of cell-material interactions. Water contactangle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) <strong>and</strong> time-of-flightsecondary ion mass spectroscopy (Tof-SIMS) measurements of a polymermicroarray have been achieved in a rapid <strong>for</strong>mat to successfully characterise theproperties of each individual spot [146, 233]. Of interest is the correlation of thesesurface properties with cell attachment <strong>and</strong> outgrowth. However, when consideringcell-material interactions, a range of surface properties must be factored in includingtopography, chemistry, elastic modulus <strong>and</strong> charge [234].As cell-material interactions are closely linked to biomolecule-materialinteractions, the high-throughput analysis of the interactions of a polymer librarywith biomolecules of interest can be studied as a first step to deconvolute cellmaterialinteractions. Biomolecular targets are typically fitted with a label, including5-156
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