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The Remake of a StateFigure 2.11 Components of SSRSource: Designed by the authorSSR is a concept of total reform in the shortcomings and weaknessesof security sector, new vision and neutrality that demands honestcommitments and impartiality from both civilian government and securityprofessionals. Appropriate trainings (both military and human rights,capacity building and technical competence), mainstreaming securityissues into development policy and programme, delicate balance betweenconfidentiality and transparency, strong co-ordination and operationalmechanisms, relationship between military and civilian, building publicawareness, strengthening constitutional and legal frameworks, periodicreview of performance of security sector and strengthening of independentoversight mechanisms (e.g. public complaint bodies like human rightcommission, auditor general, legislative and judicial bodies etc.) are someof the important elements of SSR (Baldwin 1997; DFID 2003; Ebo 2005).37
Conceptual frameworkRestructuring of security sector is not only related to security aspectsbut also with social, political, economic, international and developmentissues. Security sector restructuring or transformation has to addresspolicy, legislative, international relations, structural and oversight issuesset within standard democratic principles and values (Upreti 2003; DFID2002 and 2003). The classical security approach mainly focuses on legalmonopoly of state to use the security instruments and security force forsafeguarding people and national security specifically to defend againstexternal threats. Further, the conventional notion of existence of militaryforce is to prepare for, prevent and engage in war (Walt 1991) and army,paramilitary, police force, intelligence and secret services are used for thispurpose. This conventional state centric approach of security operationis narrow. It ignores modern notion of security that relates with holisticframework of human rights, livelihood security, environmental securityand energy security, in other words broader human security with people'srights for dignified life (Upreti 2006; Baldwin 1997). Hence, democraticgovernance is a central element of SSR (Kumar and Sharma 2005; Upreti2003; Aditya et al. 2006). Sad but true, this is very issue that is seriouslylacking in Nepal.Clause 4.7 of the Section Four of the CPA has mentioned the democratisationof Nepal army. It states;The cabinet would control, mobilise and manage the Nepali Armyas per the new Military Act. The interim cabinet would prepare andimplement the detailed action plan of democratisation of the NepaliArmy by taking suggestions from the concerned committee of theinterim parliament. This includes works like determination of the rightnumber of the Nepali Army, prepare the democratic structure reflectingthe national and inclusive character, and train them on democraticprinciples and human rights values.Similarly, Article 144 (3 and 4) of the Interim Constitution has statedsimilar provisions. Hence, the new political context has clearly envisionedrestructuring the existing army structures. However, neither the CPA northe Interim Constitution is able to visualise the comprehensive need of SSRwhich includes holistic approach, i.e. developing NSP (by complementinginternational relations, defence policy and economic policy, establishinga supreme and powerful national security apparatus such as NationalSecurity Council), reforming intelligence, restructuring army, police andother security apparatus. Isolated effort of restructuring of one componentof security sector alone cannot produce expected result and therefore aholistic approach is needed.38
Page 6: Preface and acknowledgementState bu
Page 9: Chapter 13 Reconciliation and reint
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Page 32 and 33: The Remake of a StateThe first and
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Page 36 and 37: The Remake of a StateFigure 2.4 Int
Page 38 and 39: The Remake of a StateDealing with t
Page 40 and 41: The Remake of a StateFigure 2.8 Fac
Page 42 and 43: The Remake of a Statescience and in
Page 44 and 45: The Remake of a StateKapilvastu dis
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Page 56 and 57: The Remake of a StateThese mismatch
Page 58 and 59: The Remake of a StateUpreti BR Nepa
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Page 64 and 65: The Remake of a StateThe data prese
Page 66 and 67: The Remake of a State5. Foreign dir
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Page 70 and 71: The Remake of a StateThe SLF campai
Page 72 and 73: The Remake of a Stateis a widesprea
Page 74 and 75: The Remake of a Stateoptions for th
Page 76 and 77: The Remake of a StateThe World Bank
Page 78 and 79: Chapter4Addressing poverty andpromo
Page 80 and 81: The Remake of a Stateof 1990 decide
Page 82 and 83: The Remake of a Statewidened gap be
Page 84 and 85: The Remake of a Stategiven for cate
Page 86 and 87: The Remake of a Statecommunity fore
Page 88 and 89: The Remake of a StateBox 4.4 Rajaya
Page 90 and 91: The Remake of a Statecoaching and s
Page 92 and 93: The Remake of a State6.1 DAGs or bi
Page 94 and 95: The Remake of a Statetime taken to
Page 96 and 97: The Remake of a StateReferencesBenn
Page 98 and 99: The Remake of a StatePokharel BK. 1
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Chapter5Sustainable tourism and pos
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2. Theoretical backgroundThe Remake
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The Remake of a StateFigure 5.1 Hol
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The Remake of a Statenation from to
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The Remake of a Statein the Nationa
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The Remake of a Statethrough apprec
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The Remake of a Stateforeign curren
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The Remake of a StateFigure 5.2 Ins
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The Remake of a StateYearTable 5.1
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The Remake of a Statethe nation but
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The Remake of a StateFrance L. 2006
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The Remake of a StateSNV Nepal. 200
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Chapter6Forestland reform:Transferr
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The Remake of a Statestatus of Nepa
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The Remake of a Statethe essential
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The Remake of a Statedevoted to sho
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The Remake of a Stateto be an inter
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The Remake of a Statenatural resour
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The Remake of a StateWhen there is
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The Remake of a StateBromley DW. 19
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The Remake of a StateNagendra H, Pa
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Chapter7Reconstruction anddevelopme
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The Remake of a StatePost-conflict
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The Remake of a State6. Focus on pr
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The Remake of a State3.1 Phases of
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The Remake of a State3.5 Reconstruc
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The Remake of a Stateensure reachin
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The Remake of a StateFigure 7.2 Con
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The Remake of a StatePolitical stab
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The Remake of a Statemanual, crisis
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The Remake of a Statepeace and deve
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The Remake of a StateUpreti BR. 200
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Chapter8Addressing land-baseddiscri
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The Remake of a StateA person’s a
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The Remake of a Stateand unintended
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3. Land-based discrimination and vi
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The Remake of a Statefixed period.
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The Remake of a Statetended to rein
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The Remake of a Stateof feudal and
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8. ConclusionThe Remake of a StateL
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Chapter9The forgotten forces:The ro
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The Remake of a StateSuch labour mi
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The Remake of a Statefeelings of th
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The Remake of a StateData from DoFE
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The Remake of a StateThe socio-econ
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The Remake of a Statecan Nepal gene
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The Remake of a Statemodalities of
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The Remake of a Statein an individu
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The Remake of a Statewho go to Indi
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The Remake of a StateStudies have s
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The Remake of a Statetrade and prov
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The Remake of a StateThe next vital
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The Remake of a StateSofranko AJ, I
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Chapter10Militarisation of the yout
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The Remake of a StateThe concept of
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The Remake of a StateIf we take acc
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The Remake of a Stateoffenders beli
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The Remake of a Statenot have been
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The Remake of a Statezero tolerance
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The Remake of a StateHence, during
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The Remake of a Stateto convince th
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The Remake of a StatePathak, B. 200
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Chapter11The post-conflict Trojan h
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The Remake of a Statestone to defin
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The Remake of a Stateactivity patte
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The Remake of a Stateof intelligenc
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The Remake of a StateBox 11.1 CRV s
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The Remake of a Statecontrary to co
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The Remake of a Statecountry in thi
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7.1 Small armsThe Remake of a State
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7.5 Myths and misconceptionsThe Rem
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The Remake of a Statethe government
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The Remake of a StateIncreasing pol
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The Remake of a Statepart of the we
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The Remake of a Statepower, apoliti
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The Remake of a StateKantipur. 2008
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The Remake of a StateWilson JQ, Kel
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Chapter12Proliferation of small arm
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The Remake of a StateMinister 4 hig
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The Remake of a Statearmaments cost
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The Remake of a StateFigure 12.1 Va
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The Remake of a Statesevere problem
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The Remake of a Statecollective fra
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The Remake of a Stateto the public.
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The Remake of a State3.6.4 Border m
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The Remake of a StateIANSA [Interna
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Chapter13Reconciliation andreintegr
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The Remake of a Statestrengthening
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The Remake of a Statethe relationsh
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The Remake of a StateThe compositio
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The Remake of a Statefrequently. Of
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The Remake of a StateThe participan
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The Remake of a Stateenvironment, p
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The Remake of a StateHence, engagin
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The Remake of a Stategiving respons
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The Remake of a Statea) Verificatio
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The Remake of a State• Criminal p
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The Remake of a Staterehabilitation
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The Remake of a StateBarron M. 1996
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The Remake of a StateTutu D. 1999.
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Chapter14Contradiction and duality:
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The Remake of a Statedomestic polit
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The Remake of a Statequite a bit of
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The Remake of a StateIdeological co
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The Remake of a Statechange. Democr
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The Remake of a Stateagainst the ru
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The Remake of a Statehas to update
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The Remake of a StateContradictions
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The Remake of a Statethe usual rule
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Chapter15The long and winding road
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The Remake of a Stateof ethnic and
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The Remake of a Stateactors current
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About the editorsBishnu Raj Upreti
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