English - Support to Participatory Constitution Building in Nepal ...

The Remake of a Statetemporary. The whole security system of the country needs restructuringas per the spirit of the new constitution and the new NSP. And after all, allthe security related decisions must be in compliance with this.The major issues of the NSP must be included in the new constitution ofthe country. Democratic accountability of the security system, maintainingbalance between transparency and confidentiality, inclusiveness incomposition of security providers, respecting international human rightsand other related laws, effective coordination (inter-ministerial: home,foreign affairs, defence, and other related ministries) and oversight(internal by security structures, government, parliament, judiciaryand external by media, civil society and general public) are other mainprovisions to be included in the NSP.The new NSP has to provide adequate institutional framework forsecurity research and analysis. It has to include provisions for regularrisks assessment, threats analysis and early warnings. In addition, italso has to ensure creation of security related technical infrastructuressuch as establishing microbiology laboratory to deal with bio-terrorism,public health surveillance system to deal with pandemics, well-equippedintelligence system and resources required to perform the assignedresponsibilities.At present, political parties, responsible government departments, theState Affairs Committee of the parliament, researchers, civil societyleaders, academics and responsible security personnel must work togetherto bring a modern, holistic NSP that ensures the security of people andthe state at the same time meets the globally established requirements(democratic control and parliamentary oversight, human rights-friendly,effective, efficient and professional security system).2.7.5 Security sector restructuring (SSR)SSR is a process of transformation of those organisations such as police,army, paramilitary, local security units, intelligence and other legallydefined arrangements (Greene 2003). They have the legitimate authorityto use or to order the use of force. Fundamental principles of SSR are civiliancontrol and parliamentary oversight of security apparatus, right sizing andmodernisation and professionalisation of security forces, respecting ruleof law, facilitating war to peace transition, within the broader NSP (Upreti2006; OECD 2004; DFID 2002). SSR is a concept of transformative reformin the security sector with new vision and neutrality that demands honestcommitments and impartiality from both civilian government and securityprofessionals.35