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The Remake of a Statequite a bit of confusion between DDR and SSR. Some treat DDR and SSRas two completely separate disciplines while some take the completionof DDR as a precondition for initiating the SSR agenda. For countriesemerging from conflict, integration of ex-combatants into society andsecurity forces is a challenging task for the nation, political parties, civilsociety and ex-combatants themselves. Internationally, many countriesinitiated DDR after peace agreements while only a few considered SSR.There have been a number of successful cases of integration betweenarmed groups and state security forces.Third is the disharmony between post-conflict state building against postconflictadministration and stabilisation. Knaus and Cox (2005) presentthe case of the Bosnia and Kosovo interventions where a post-conflictsituation is dominated by undemocratic leaders, parties and movements,and by overriding ethnic or political divisions among them. A transitionaladministration must be strong enough to control, contain and face downundemocratic elements, especially if they are armed and violent, andyet flexible enough to allow and indeed cultivate the emergence of localinitiative and control, the development of democratic self-governance.This may not be an impossible combination, but in the fragile post-conflictsituations, it is a difficult one.Fourth is the tension between two competing visions of post-conflictstabilisation, one deeper, longer-termed and costlier, the other easierto secure but far more vulnerable to failure. There is a temptation in acountry that has been torn by war to reach for a false sense of peacebecause it is quicker and easier to obtain—to defer indefinitely the hardchallenge of SSR and management and integration of arms and armies.This happened with the first false start at peace in Sierra Leone, Angolaand Iraq, which led to the resumption of civil war and subsequent risinglevels of violence.Fifth is the concern arisen from negotiations and political bargaining amongthe UN and domestic political elites (Barma 2005). These interactionsare constrained by the macro-structural context determined by thehistorical path of each country’s political and institutional development.The preceding conflict is the most proximate event in such a path, since itdetermines the distribution of power and other political resources (suchas money, militia control, and ethnic/interest group support) amongdomestic elites. Other explanatory variables take shape further back inthe historical trajectories of the countries examined, including pre-existingpolitical institutions and the historical antecedents to and nature of the291
Contradiction and dualitypreceding conflict. Domestic elites interact and bargain with each otherand with the UN empowered by and within these historical-structuralconstraints (Figure 14.1).Figure 14.1 State building challenges during transitional periodSource: Designed by the authors4. Nepal’s experienceContradictions have been the driving forces for change and developmentin Nepal. They cannot only result in tensions, but also be helpful in bringingtransformation in Nepali socio-political and economic conditions. Nepal hasexperienced contradictions and duality in all past political transformationsincluding the people’s movements of 1990 and 2006. The recent politicalchanges are founded on the contested political negotiations starting fromTwelve Point Understanding in 2005 to the CPA in 2006 and several otheragreements between major political forces thereafter.292
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Preface and acknowledgementState bu
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Chapter 13 Reconciliation and reint
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Post-conflict state buildingdebated
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Post-conflict state buildingOthers
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Post-conflict state buildinglead to
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Post-conflict state buildingboundar
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Post-conflict state buildingThe dev
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Post-conflict state buildingReferen
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Chapter2Conceptual framework forpos
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The Remake of a StateThe first and
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The Remake of a StateFigure 2.2 Com
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The Remake of a StateFigure 2.4 Int
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The Remake of a StateDealing with t
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The Remake of a StateFigure 2.8 Fac
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The Remake of a Statescience and in
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The Remake of a StateKapilvastu dis
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The Remake of a State2.7.3 Controll
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The Remake of a Statetemporary. The
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The Remake of a StateFigure 2.11 Co
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2.8 International relations and for
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The Remake of a StateThough state e
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The Remake of a StateThese mismatch
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The Remake of a StateUpreti BR Nepa
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Chapter3Private sector in post-conf
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The Remake of a StateDuring the pas
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The Remake of a StateThe data prese
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The Remake of a State5. Foreign dir
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The Remake of a Stateaid, people at
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The Remake of a StateThe SLF campai
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The Remake of a Stateis a widesprea
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The Remake of a Stateoptions for th
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The Remake of a StateThe World Bank
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Chapter4Addressing poverty andpromo
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The Remake of a Stateof 1990 decide
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The Remake of a Statewidened gap be
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The Remake of a Stategiven for cate
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The Remake of a Statecommunity fore
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The Remake of a StateBox 4.4 Rajaya
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The Remake of a Statecoaching and s
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The Remake of a State6.1 DAGs or bi
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The Remake of a Statetime taken to
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The Remake of a StateReferencesBenn
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The Remake of a StatePokharel BK. 1
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Chapter5Sustainable tourism and pos
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2. Theoretical backgroundThe Remake
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The Remake of a StateFigure 5.1 Hol
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The Remake of a Statenation from to
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The Remake of a Statein the Nationa
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The Remake of a Statethrough apprec
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The Remake of a Stateforeign curren
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The Remake of a StateFigure 5.2 Ins
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The Remake of a StateYearTable 5.1
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The Remake of a Statethe nation but
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The Remake of a StateFrance L. 2006
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The Remake of a StateSNV Nepal. 200
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Chapter6Forestland reform:Transferr
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The Remake of a Statestatus of Nepa
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The Remake of a Statethe essential
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The Remake of a Statedevoted to sho
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The Remake of a Stateto be an inter
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The Remake of a Statenatural resour
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The Remake of a StateWhen there is
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The Remake of a StateBromley DW. 19
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The Remake of a StateNagendra H, Pa
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Chapter7Reconstruction anddevelopme
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The Remake of a StatePost-conflict
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The Remake of a State6. Focus on pr
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The Remake of a State3.1 Phases of
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The Remake of a State3.5 Reconstruc
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The Remake of a Stateensure reachin
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The Remake of a StateFigure 7.2 Con
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The Remake of a StatePolitical stab
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The Remake of a Statemanual, crisis
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The Remake of a Statepeace and deve
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The Remake of a StateUpreti BR. 200
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Chapter8Addressing land-baseddiscri
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The Remake of a StateA person’s a
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The Remake of a Stateand unintended
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3. Land-based discrimination and vi
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The Remake of a Statefixed period.
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The Remake of a Statetended to rein
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The Remake of a Stateof feudal and
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8. ConclusionThe Remake of a StateL
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Chapter9The forgotten forces:The ro
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The Remake of a StateSuch labour mi
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The Remake of a Statefeelings of th
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The Remake of a StateData from DoFE
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The Remake of a StateThe socio-econ
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The Remake of a Statecan Nepal gene
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The Remake of a Statemodalities of
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The Remake of a Statein an individu
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The Remake of a Statewho go to Indi
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The Remake of a StateStudies have s
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The Remake of a Statetrade and prov
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The Remake of a StateThe next vital
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The Remake of a StateSofranko AJ, I
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Chapter10Militarisation of the yout
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The Remake of a StateThe concept of
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The Remake of a StateIf we take acc
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The Remake of a Stateoffenders beli
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The Remake of a Statenot have been
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The Remake of a Statezero tolerance
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The Remake of a StateHence, during
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The Remake of a Stateto convince th
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The Remake of a StatePathak, B. 200
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Chapter11The post-conflict Trojan h
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The Remake of a Statestone to defin
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The Remake of a Stateactivity patte
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The Remake of a Stateof intelligenc
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The Remake of a StateBox 11.1 CRV s
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The Remake of a Statecontrary to co
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The Remake of a Statecountry in thi
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7.1 Small armsThe Remake of a State
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7.5 Myths and misconceptionsThe Rem
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The Remake of a Statethe government
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The Remake of a StateIncreasing pol
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The Remake of a Statepart of the we
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The Remake of a Statepower, apoliti
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The Remake of a StateKantipur. 2008
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The Remake of a StateWilson JQ, Kel
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Page 256 and 257: The Remake of a StateMinister 4 hig
Page 258 and 259: The Remake of a Statearmaments cost
Page 260 and 261: The Remake of a StateFigure 12.1 Va
Page 262 and 263: The Remake of a Statesevere problem
Page 264 and 265: The Remake of a Statecollective fra
Page 266 and 267: The Remake of a Stateto the public.
Page 268 and 269: The Remake of a State3.6.4 Border m
Page 270 and 271: The Remake of a StateIANSA [Interna
Page 272 and 273: Chapter13Reconciliation andreintegr
Page 274 and 275: The Remake of a Statestrengthening
Page 276 and 277: The Remake of a Statethe relationsh
Page 278 and 279: The Remake of a StateThe compositio
Page 280 and 281: The Remake of a Statefrequently. Of
Page 282 and 283: The Remake of a StateThe participan
Page 284 and 285: The Remake of a Stateenvironment, p
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Page 288 and 289: The Remake of a Stategiving respons
Page 290 and 291: The Remake of a Statea) Verificatio
Page 292 and 293: The Remake of a State• Criminal p
Page 294 and 295: The Remake of a Staterehabilitation
Page 296 and 297: The Remake of a StateBarron M. 1996
Page 298 and 299: The Remake of a StateTutu D. 1999.
Page 300 and 301: Chapter14Contradiction and duality:
Page 302 and 303: The Remake of a Statedomestic polit
Page 306 and 307: The Remake of a StateIdeological co
Page 308 and 309: The Remake of a Statechange. Democr
Page 310 and 311: The Remake of a Stateagainst the ru
Page 312 and 313: The Remake of a Statehas to update
Page 314 and 315: The Remake of a StateContradictions
Page 316 and 317: The Remake of a Statethe usual rule
Page 318 and 319: Chapter15The long and winding road
Page 320 and 321: The Remake of a Stateof ethnic and
Page 322 and 323: The Remake of a Stateactors current
Page 324 and 325: About the editorsBishnu Raj Upreti
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