English - Support to Participatory Constitution Building in Nepal ...

Reconciliation and reintegrationemotion and hatred of the people who or whose family member(s) arekilled, tortured, bereaved, maimed, assaulted, raped, injured, abducted,homeless, intimidated and humiliated is difficult and time-consuming(Porto, and Parsons 2003).Bloomfield et al. (2004) describes the following things in the guidingframework for healing:• Social justice as a foundation of healing,• Proper understanding of the context,• Using local resources and capacity,• Linking healing with broader post-conflict transformationprocess,• Implementing psychological and counselling programmes forindividuals,• Training local communities with psychological support skills,• Organising victims in self-help groups and economic activities,• Implementing symbolic forms of healing (symbolising memory ofthe past in monuments, museums, plaques etc.),• Reparation and compensation,• Organising specific rituals and ceremonies,• Apologies and forgiveness.In the healing process, localised coping mechanisms and models of socialand emotional resilience need to be supported and strengthened. Hence,healing initiatives need to be a part of socio-economic and politicalstrategy of the government in the post-conflict phase.4.4. Recognition, respect and collaborationRecognition and respect to conflict victims is a crucial psychological forceto bring them into social mainstream. Recognition and respect developconfidence of conflict victims and promotes their integration into society,encourages to collaborate in social and political activities and forget thebitter past memories.One of the best ways of promoting R&R is to include people to bereintegrated in development activities, social service and political process.Literatures have documented that extending collaboration with them and274