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The Remake of a Stateof intelligence. Recently, the MPB has formed an ‘Anti-kidnapping Cell’to control the criminal activities like kidnapping and ransom-seeking. Theinitiatives like the establishment of a separate cell for the investigationon cyber crimes, discussed elsewhere in this chapter, are also praiseworthy.In addition to this, significant crime reduction policy, researchand implementation support to the local authorities may result in a bettersecurity.The British Crime Reduction Programme had exemplified that crime can beimmediately reduced. The British Crime Survey and its effect had resultedin the fall down of the rates of crime against persons and households(BCS 2000). Likewise, the Australian Institute of Criminology is supportingstate-based crime reduction programmes by providing information,resources and research base that help state police forces shape specificcrime reduction programmes (AIC 2009). In Canada, the Royal CanadianMounted Police ‘E’ Division supplies the federal, municipal and ruralpolicing services. 10 This is considered an ideal form of deconcentration ofpolice administration. In British Columbia, the security agency has a crimereduction programme centered on proactive analysis of crime patterns inorder to direct efforts toward persistent hot spots and focus enforcementon chronic offenders. 11 Nepal has more to learn from these experiencesaround the globe.Crime reduction programmes should be specifically geared towardsworking with other government agencies along with academic anduniversity research partners. It helps in understanding and addressingsocio-economic patterns of urban activities and also imparts hopes to thecommoners. But harnessing such partnerships has not taken place here.Some of the leading magazines are engaged in explorative journalism butthis is in a very limited number. Often, the research and studies on crimeare held only under the umbrella of police bureau. External studies shouldalso be promoted if we are to gain immediate and appropriate benefitsfrom scholastic analysis.5. Nepal PoliceThere were no formal practices of police service in Nepal even in themiddle age and before. Some Malla Kings had arranged some kinds ofsecurity management. Later, the first king of modern Nepal, Prithvi10Visit http://bc.rcmp.ca/ViewPage.action?siteNodeId=14&languageId=1&contentId=-1 for moredetails.11For extended information, go to http://www.crime-free-association.org/index.html.217
The post-conflict Trojan horseNarayan Shah, was found to have arranged police to control the possibleinsurgency. Rana Prime Minister Chandra Shumsher is reported to haveformed Aminee Police circa 1898 AD. It seems that he had managed to dothis after the impression he got during his trip to Britain in the 1890s. 12Police in Nepal was established in October 1955 with the aid of BritishGovernment that time. Now, it has its ‘glorious’ (Shrestha 2007) history ofmore than five decades. This police bureau in Nepal basically functions onthe basis of Police Act-1955 and some other succeeding Acts and Rules.The Act of 1955 has fundamentally made the bureau responsible for crimeinvestigation and control, traffic management as well as civil security.Besides, the organisation is actively involved in building public relation,police welfare and service to the social sectors too.5.1 Metropolitan PoliceCollectively, there are 8,217 policepersons and around four million peopleinside the capital (Dhungana 2009). This population is projected to beincreasing every year. To meet their security needs is not only a seriousbut also a sensitive job to fulfill. As the security issues turn into a complexone in looming large urban areas, many countries form specific forces tomaintain peace and security. Nepal Police has also gone after the samepractice from around the globe. Analysing the growing pattern of crimesand the increased need of security, it had formed the MPB in 2006. 13The MPB is now equipped with 24/7 alert Control Room Vehicles (CRVs)throughout the valley. There are Close Circuit Televisions (CCTVs) installedat different places around the valley. All these help the police promptlyreach the accident spots and arrest the criminals (Simkhada 2007). Inaddition, the bureau is outfitted with 70 Tata mobile vehicles from 15March 2007. The bureau claims that criminal activities inside the valleyare decreasing due to this. Among the 70, 40 vehicles are employed inKathmandu, 10 in Bhaktapur, 10 in Lalitpur and 10 for traffic policepurpose in the valley. Besides, Geographic Information System (GIS) andGlobal Positioning System (GPS) are also the technical strength for securityinvestigation for Nepal Police at present. With all these might, MPBcommenced with a fascinating slogan of ‘Police within Ten Minutes’.12The information was gained via gray literature on Nepal Police. They do not have specific time andauthors to be cited.13Retrieved via www.nepalpolice.gov.np on 22 March, 2010.218
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Preface and acknowledgementState bu
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Chapter 13 Reconciliation and reint
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Post-conflict state buildingdebated
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Post-conflict state buildingOthers
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Post-conflict state buildinglead to
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Post-conflict state buildingboundar
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Post-conflict state buildingThe dev
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Post-conflict state buildingReferen
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Chapter2Conceptual framework forpos
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The Remake of a StateThe first and
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The Remake of a StateFigure 2.2 Com
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The Remake of a StateFigure 2.4 Int
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The Remake of a StateDealing with t
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The Remake of a StateFigure 2.8 Fac
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The Remake of a Statescience and in
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The Remake of a StateKapilvastu dis
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The Remake of a State2.7.3 Controll
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The Remake of a Statetemporary. The
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The Remake of a StateFigure 2.11 Co
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2.8 International relations and for
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The Remake of a StateThough state e
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The Remake of a StateThese mismatch
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The Remake of a StateUpreti BR Nepa
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Chapter3Private sector in post-conf
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The Remake of a StateDuring the pas
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The Remake of a StateThe data prese
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The Remake of a State5. Foreign dir
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The Remake of a Stateaid, people at
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The Remake of a StateThe SLF campai
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The Remake of a Stateis a widesprea
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The Remake of a Stateoptions for th
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The Remake of a StateThe World Bank
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Chapter4Addressing poverty andpromo
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The Remake of a Stateof 1990 decide
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The Remake of a Statewidened gap be
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The Remake of a Stategiven for cate
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The Remake of a Statecommunity fore
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The Remake of a StateBox 4.4 Rajaya
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The Remake of a Statecoaching and s
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The Remake of a State6.1 DAGs or bi
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The Remake of a Statetime taken to
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The Remake of a StateReferencesBenn
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The Remake of a StatePokharel BK. 1
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Chapter5Sustainable tourism and pos
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2. Theoretical backgroundThe Remake
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The Remake of a StateFigure 5.1 Hol
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The Remake of a Statenation from to
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The Remake of a Statein the Nationa
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The Remake of a Statethrough apprec
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The Remake of a Stateforeign curren
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The Remake of a StateFigure 5.2 Ins
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The Remake of a StateYearTable 5.1
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The Remake of a Statethe nation but
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The Remake of a StateFrance L. 2006
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The Remake of a StateSNV Nepal. 200
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Chapter6Forestland reform:Transferr
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The Remake of a Statestatus of Nepa
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The Remake of a Statethe essential
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The Remake of a Statedevoted to sho
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The Remake of a Stateto be an inter
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The Remake of a Statenatural resour
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The Remake of a StateWhen there is
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The Remake of a StateBromley DW. 19
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The Remake of a StateNagendra H, Pa
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Chapter7Reconstruction anddevelopme
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The Remake of a StatePost-conflict
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The Remake of a State6. Focus on pr
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The Remake of a State3.1 Phases of
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The Remake of a State3.5 Reconstruc
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The Remake of a Stateensure reachin
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The Remake of a StateFigure 7.2 Con
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The Remake of a StatePolitical stab
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The Remake of a Statemanual, crisis
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The Remake of a Statepeace and deve
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The Remake of a StateUpreti BR. 200
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Chapter8Addressing land-baseddiscri
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The Remake of a StateA person’s a
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The Remake of a Stateand unintended
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3. Land-based discrimination and vi
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The Remake of a Statefixed period.
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The Remake of a Statetended to rein
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The Remake of a Stateof feudal and
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8. ConclusionThe Remake of a StateL
Page 180 and 181: Chapter9The forgotten forces:The ro
Page 182 and 183: The Remake of a StateSuch labour mi
Page 184 and 185: The Remake of a Statefeelings of th
Page 186 and 187: The Remake of a StateData from DoFE
Page 188 and 189: The Remake of a StateThe socio-econ
Page 190 and 191: The Remake of a Statecan Nepal gene
Page 192 and 193: The Remake of a Statemodalities of
Page 194 and 195: The Remake of a Statein an individu
Page 196 and 197: The Remake of a Statewho go to Indi
Page 198 and 199: The Remake of a StateStudies have s
Page 200 and 201: The Remake of a Statetrade and prov
Page 202 and 203: The Remake of a StateThe next vital
Page 204 and 205: The Remake of a StateSofranko AJ, I
Page 206 and 207: Chapter10Militarisation of the yout
Page 208 and 209: The Remake of a StateThe concept of
Page 210 and 211: The Remake of a StateIf we take acc
Page 212 and 213: The Remake of a Stateoffenders beli
Page 214 and 215: The Remake of a Statenot have been
Page 216 and 217: The Remake of a Statezero tolerance
Page 218 and 219: The Remake of a StateHence, during
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Page 222 and 223: The Remake of a StatePathak, B. 200
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Page 228 and 229: The Remake of a Stateactivity patte
Page 232 and 233: The Remake of a StateBox 11.1 CRV s
Page 234 and 235: The Remake of a Statecontrary to co
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Page 238 and 239: 7.1 Small armsThe Remake of a State
Page 240 and 241: 7.5 Myths and misconceptionsThe Rem
Page 242 and 243: The Remake of a Statethe government
Page 244 and 245: The Remake of a StateIncreasing pol
Page 246 and 247: The Remake of a Statepart of the we
Page 248 and 249: The Remake of a Statepower, apoliti
Page 250 and 251: The Remake of a StateKantipur. 2008
Page 252 and 253: The Remake of a StateWilson JQ, Kel
Page 254 and 255: Chapter12Proliferation of small arm
Page 256 and 257: The Remake of a StateMinister 4 hig
Page 258 and 259: The Remake of a Statearmaments cost
Page 260 and 261: The Remake of a StateFigure 12.1 Va
Page 262 and 263: The Remake of a Statesevere problem
Page 264 and 265: The Remake of a Statecollective fra
Page 266 and 267: The Remake of a Stateto the public.
Page 268 and 269: The Remake of a State3.6.4 Border m
Page 270 and 271: The Remake of a StateIANSA [Interna
Page 272 and 273: Chapter13Reconciliation andreintegr
Page 274 and 275: The Remake of a Statestrengthening
Page 276 and 277: The Remake of a Statethe relationsh
Page 278 and 279: The Remake of a StateThe compositio
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The Remake of a Statefrequently. Of
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The Remake of a StateThe participan
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The Remake of a Stateenvironment, p
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The Remake of a StateHence, engagin
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The Remake of a Stategiving respons
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The Remake of a Statea) Verificatio
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The Remake of a State• Criminal p
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The Remake of a Staterehabilitation
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The Remake of a StateBarron M. 1996
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The Remake of a StateTutu D. 1999.
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Chapter14Contradiction and duality:
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The Remake of a Statedomestic polit
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The Remake of a Statequite a bit of
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The Remake of a StateIdeological co
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The Remake of a Statechange. Democr
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The Remake of a Stateagainst the ru
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The Remake of a Statehas to update
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The Remake of a StateContradictions
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The Remake of a Statethe usual rule
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Chapter15The long and winding road
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The Remake of a Stateof ethnic and
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The Remake of a Stateactors current
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About the editorsBishnu Raj Upreti
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