English - Support to Participatory Constitution Building in Nepal ...

The post-conflict Trojan horse4.3 Crime reductionFrom nuisance to negotiation, of course, crime has become a major genreof policy and politics. This is also related with the prevalence of abjectsocial inequality. For crime reduction, we should explore the consequentlybuilt in opportunities for crime. Knowing them helps reduce the numberof crime occurrence.Although some countries, including the United States and Canada,experienced reductions in crime during the 1990s, the developed worldsuffers from historically high levels of crime (Bratingham 2009). Due todifferent causes like the lack the political will, aggravating security andgrowing inequality, states have lost their ability to ensure safe living ofthousands of citizens. Moreover, the informal links of criminal groupswith the government functionaries has made the task worse. These issuesare very sensitive in terms of crime reduction.Studies have found that planned urbanisation is a must to minimisesecurity threats. According to them, urban settings have major influenceon crime and disorder in the course of everyday life. Attention to howthese settings are structured can reduce the dangers of crime. 9 Tasks likedemarcation of housing plots, town planning and settlement managementmay have critical influence in security. According to physical engineering,some settings encourage crime and disorder while others discourageit. Different decisions regarding the construction of roads and paths leteffects on the extent of crime attractors, crime generators and hot spots.Developed countries now look for more immediate reductions in thenumber of criminal infractions and the impact of crime on everyday living.Because crime clusters in predictable ways in time and space, it is possibleto apply policy interventions that target the specific causes of criminalevents. This sometimes involves focused law enforcement at criminal hotspots. And it is in fact an applicable measure in the cities like Kathmandu.Crime financing shapes the ways of criminal operations. It is the waythrough which criminal gangs finance their activities. They accumulatehuge sum of money with the help of drug pushing, prostitution, gambling,smuggling and other various forms of black marketeering. Hence, suchmisdeeds require more preventive measures rather than curative ones. Inthis regard, different measures should be taken to address such a growinglevel of crime. They might range from mass-awareness to strengthening9Information retrieved via http://www.harvardir.org/articles as visited on 20 January 2009.216