English - Support to Participatory Constitution Building in Nepal ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The Remake of a StateIf we take account of the present context, the reorganisation of the fightingcadres of UCPN (Maoist) into YCL once it signed the CPA started theopening of the militarised youth wings of political parties. Several partieshave created their militarised youth wings to this date (Table 10.1). Themajor motive behind the establishment of such outfits is to strengthentheir roles and influence at the grass root level and also to counterattackother youth groups. The considerable number of youth population,constant rise in the unemployment rate, sugar-coated slogans, incentivesgained by tying up with such groups and exclusion from the state’s overalldevelopment process are some of the reasons for involvement of youth inmilitarised activities. Further, different ethnic organisations and caste andreligious groups have formed militarised groups to fulfil their demandsthrough use of force. The major reasons given by youth groups to act insociety are as follows:• Organising youth movements, youth awareness programmes,and youth initiatives to ensure rights of the youth and to solveall the ideological, political and cultural problems including theproblems of employment, education, sports, etc.• Conducting political and legal actions against corruption,hooliganism, deformity and distortion with people's consent andhuge participation.• Conducting awareness campaigns to keep youths away fromthe addiction including that of the consumption of narcotics andto stop the source, supply and the demand and also launch acampaign to transform these youths.• Assisting and supporting the national liberation movements,democratic and socialist movements initiated by the toilingmasses and oppressed people.However, they are implemented in either inappropriate or illegal waysthat lead to clashes among different militarised youth groups. They arealso reported to be involved in abduction. Threats and coercion has beena regular practice. Moreover, their activities are politically protected andtherefore are increasing impunity and creating insecurity. These all havebeen weakening the system of rule of law and gravely challenging thestate building process.197
Militarisation of the youthThe Table 10.1 highlights some of the militant youth groups formed by thedifferent political parties:Table 10.1 Main militant groups formed by the political parties/groupsS. Youth Organisations Mother Organisations Geographical InfluenceN.1. Young Communist League UCPN (Maoist) All over the county2. Youth Force CPN (UML) All over the county3. Madhesi Youth Force Madhesi JanaadhikarForum (MJF)4. Chure Bhawar Shanti Sena Chure Bhawar EktaSamaj Party5. Security Brigade (RakshyaBahini)Nepal SadbhawanaParty (RajendraMahato)6. Madhesi Commando Nepal SadbhawanaParty7. Terai Madhes SewaSurakshya Sangh8. All Nepal DemocraticYouth OrganisationTerai MadhesLoktantrik PartyRastriya JanamorchaParty9. Tharu Sena Tharuhat SwayattaParishad10. OBC Regiment Pichhada VargaMahasangh11. Limbuwan Volunteersand Limbuwan LiberationArmy12. Kirat LimbuwanVolunteersSanghiya LoktantrikRastriya Manch/Limbuwan RajyaParishadPallo Kirat LimbuwanRastriya ManchEastern, Central and MidWestern Terai regionsCentral and Mid WesternregionsCentral and Mid WesternregionsCentral and Mid WesternregionsMid Western and WesternregionsMid Western and WesternregionsCertain Districts of MidWestern and Western regions(for e.g., Dang, Kapilbastu andBardiya)Central Terai regionEastern regionEastern region13. Janasurakshya Bal CPN-Maoists Some districts14. Madhesi Raksha Bahini Sadbhawana Party Some of the Terai districts15. Khas Kshetri Unity Society Khas-Kshetri Unity Some regionsSocietySource: Collected from different sources 11It is often said that militarised youths are used for political crime. Accordingto Hagan (1997), political crime is a crime committed for ideologicalpurpose rather than being motivated by private greed or passion. The11Pathak and Uprety (2010); Punmagar (2008).198
Page 6:
Preface and acknowledgementState bu
Page 9:
Chapter 13 Reconciliation and reint
Page 17 and 18:
Post-conflict state buildingdebated
Page 19 and 20:
Post-conflict state buildingOthers
Page 21 and 22:
Post-conflict state buildinglead to
Page 23 and 24:
Post-conflict state buildingboundar
Page 25 and 26:
Post-conflict state buildingThe dev
Page 27 and 28:
Post-conflict state buildingReferen
Page 30 and 31:
Chapter2Conceptual framework forpos
Page 32 and 33:
The Remake of a StateThe first and
Page 34 and 35:
The Remake of a StateFigure 2.2 Com
Page 36 and 37:
The Remake of a StateFigure 2.4 Int
Page 38 and 39:
The Remake of a StateDealing with t
Page 40 and 41:
The Remake of a StateFigure 2.8 Fac
Page 42 and 43:
The Remake of a Statescience and in
Page 44 and 45:
The Remake of a StateKapilvastu dis
Page 46 and 47:
The Remake of a State2.7.3 Controll
Page 48 and 49:
The Remake of a Statetemporary. The
Page 50 and 51:
The Remake of a StateFigure 2.11 Co
Page 52 and 53:
2.8 International relations and for
Page 54 and 55:
The Remake of a StateThough state e
Page 56 and 57:
The Remake of a StateThese mismatch
Page 58 and 59:
The Remake of a StateUpreti BR Nepa
Page 60 and 61:
Chapter3Private sector in post-conf
Page 62 and 63:
The Remake of a StateDuring the pas
Page 64 and 65:
The Remake of a StateThe data prese
Page 66 and 67:
The Remake of a State5. Foreign dir
Page 68 and 69:
The Remake of a Stateaid, people at
Page 70 and 71:
The Remake of a StateThe SLF campai
Page 72 and 73:
The Remake of a Stateis a widesprea
Page 74 and 75:
The Remake of a Stateoptions for th
Page 76 and 77:
The Remake of a StateThe World Bank
Page 78 and 79:
Chapter4Addressing poverty andpromo
Page 80 and 81:
The Remake of a Stateof 1990 decide
Page 82 and 83:
The Remake of a Statewidened gap be
Page 84 and 85:
The Remake of a Stategiven for cate
Page 86 and 87:
The Remake of a Statecommunity fore
Page 88 and 89:
The Remake of a StateBox 4.4 Rajaya
Page 90 and 91:
The Remake of a Statecoaching and s
Page 92 and 93:
The Remake of a State6.1 DAGs or bi
Page 94 and 95:
The Remake of a Statetime taken to
Page 96 and 97:
The Remake of a StateReferencesBenn
Page 98 and 99:
The Remake of a StatePokharel BK. 1
Page 100 and 101:
Chapter5Sustainable tourism and pos
Page 102 and 103:
2. Theoretical backgroundThe Remake
Page 104 and 105:
The Remake of a StateFigure 5.1 Hol
Page 106 and 107:
The Remake of a Statenation from to
Page 108 and 109:
The Remake of a Statein the Nationa
Page 110 and 111:
The Remake of a Statethrough apprec
Page 112 and 113:
The Remake of a Stateforeign curren
Page 114 and 115:
The Remake of a StateFigure 5.2 Ins
Page 116 and 117:
The Remake of a StateYearTable 5.1
Page 118 and 119:
The Remake of a Statethe nation but
Page 120 and 121:
The Remake of a StateFrance L. 2006
Page 122 and 123:
The Remake of a StateSNV Nepal. 200
Page 124 and 125:
Chapter6Forestland reform:Transferr
Page 126 and 127:
The Remake of a Statestatus of Nepa
Page 128 and 129:
The Remake of a Statethe essential
Page 130 and 131:
The Remake of a Statedevoted to sho
Page 132 and 133:
The Remake of a Stateto be an inter
Page 134 and 135:
The Remake of a Statenatural resour
Page 136 and 137:
The Remake of a StateWhen there is
Page 138 and 139:
The Remake of a StateBromley DW. 19
Page 140 and 141:
The Remake of a StateNagendra H, Pa
Page 142 and 143:
Chapter7Reconstruction anddevelopme
Page 144 and 145:
The Remake of a StatePost-conflict
Page 146 and 147:
The Remake of a State6. Focus on pr
Page 148 and 149:
The Remake of a State3.1 Phases of
Page 150 and 151:
The Remake of a State3.5 Reconstruc
Page 152 and 153:
The Remake of a Stateensure reachin
Page 154 and 155:
The Remake of a StateFigure 7.2 Con
Page 156 and 157:
The Remake of a StatePolitical stab
Page 158 and 159:
The Remake of a Statemanual, crisis
Page 160 and 161: The Remake of a Statepeace and deve
Page 162 and 163: The Remake of a StateUpreti BR. 200
Page 164 and 165: Chapter8Addressing land-baseddiscri
Page 166 and 167: The Remake of a StateA person’s a
Page 168 and 169: The Remake of a Stateand unintended
Page 170 and 171: 3. Land-based discrimination and vi
Page 172 and 173: The Remake of a Statefixed period.
Page 174 and 175: The Remake of a Statetended to rein
Page 176 and 177: The Remake of a Stateof feudal and
Page 178 and 179: 8. ConclusionThe Remake of a StateL
Page 180 and 181: Chapter9The forgotten forces:The ro
Page 182 and 183: The Remake of a StateSuch labour mi
Page 184 and 185: The Remake of a Statefeelings of th
Page 186 and 187: The Remake of a StateData from DoFE
Page 188 and 189: The Remake of a StateThe socio-econ
Page 190 and 191: The Remake of a Statecan Nepal gene
Page 192 and 193: The Remake of a Statemodalities of
Page 194 and 195: The Remake of a Statein an individu
Page 196 and 197: The Remake of a Statewho go to Indi
Page 198 and 199: The Remake of a StateStudies have s
Page 200 and 201: The Remake of a Statetrade and prov
Page 202 and 203: The Remake of a StateThe next vital
Page 204 and 205: The Remake of a StateSofranko AJ, I
Page 206 and 207: Chapter10Militarisation of the yout
Page 208 and 209: The Remake of a StateThe concept of
Page 212 and 213: The Remake of a Stateoffenders beli
Page 214 and 215: The Remake of a Statenot have been
Page 216 and 217: The Remake of a Statezero tolerance
Page 218 and 219: The Remake of a StateHence, during
Page 220 and 221: The Remake of a Stateto convince th
Page 222 and 223: The Remake of a StatePathak, B. 200
Page 224 and 225: Chapter11The post-conflict Trojan h
Page 226 and 227: The Remake of a Statestone to defin
Page 228 and 229: The Remake of a Stateactivity patte
Page 230 and 231: The Remake of a Stateof intelligenc
Page 232 and 233: The Remake of a StateBox 11.1 CRV s
Page 234 and 235: The Remake of a Statecontrary to co
Page 236 and 237: The Remake of a Statecountry in thi
Page 238 and 239: 7.1 Small armsThe Remake of a State
Page 240 and 241: 7.5 Myths and misconceptionsThe Rem
Page 242 and 243: The Remake of a Statethe government
Page 244 and 245: The Remake of a StateIncreasing pol
Page 246 and 247: The Remake of a Statepart of the we
Page 248 and 249: The Remake of a Statepower, apoliti
Page 250 and 251: The Remake of a StateKantipur. 2008
Page 252 and 253: The Remake of a StateWilson JQ, Kel
Page 254 and 255: Chapter12Proliferation of small arm
Page 256 and 257: The Remake of a StateMinister 4 hig
Page 258 and 259: The Remake of a Statearmaments cost
Page 260 and 261:
The Remake of a StateFigure 12.1 Va
Page 262 and 263:
The Remake of a Statesevere problem
Page 264 and 265:
The Remake of a Statecollective fra
Page 266 and 267:
The Remake of a Stateto the public.
Page 268 and 269:
The Remake of a State3.6.4 Border m
Page 270 and 271:
The Remake of a StateIANSA [Interna
Page 272 and 273:
Chapter13Reconciliation andreintegr
Page 274 and 275:
The Remake of a Statestrengthening
Page 276 and 277:
The Remake of a Statethe relationsh
Page 278 and 279:
The Remake of a StateThe compositio
Page 280 and 281:
The Remake of a Statefrequently. Of
Page 282 and 283:
The Remake of a StateThe participan
Page 284 and 285:
The Remake of a Stateenvironment, p
Page 286 and 287:
The Remake of a StateHence, engagin
Page 288 and 289:
The Remake of a Stategiving respons
Page 290 and 291:
The Remake of a Statea) Verificatio
Page 292 and 293:
The Remake of a State• Criminal p
Page 294 and 295:
The Remake of a Staterehabilitation
Page 296 and 297:
The Remake of a StateBarron M. 1996
Page 298 and 299:
The Remake of a StateTutu D. 1999.
Page 300 and 301:
Chapter14Contradiction and duality:
Page 302 and 303:
The Remake of a Statedomestic polit
Page 304 and 305:
The Remake of a Statequite a bit of
Page 306 and 307:
The Remake of a StateIdeological co
Page 308 and 309:
The Remake of a Statechange. Democr
Page 310 and 311:
The Remake of a Stateagainst the ru
Page 312 and 313:
The Remake of a Statehas to update
Page 314 and 315:
The Remake of a StateContradictions
Page 316 and 317:
The Remake of a Statethe usual rule
Page 318 and 319:
Chapter15The long and winding road
Page 320 and 321:
The Remake of a Stateof ethnic and
Page 322 and 323:
The Remake of a Stateactors current
Page 324 and 325:
About the editorsBishnu Raj Upreti
show all

English - Support to Participatory Constitution Building in Nepal ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?