English - Support to Participatory Constitution Building in Nepal ...
English - Support to Participatory Constitution Building in Nepal ...
English - Support to Participatory Constitution Building in Nepal ...
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The Remake of a Statemodalities of state build<strong>in</strong>g should <strong>in</strong>corporate this sentiment <strong>in</strong> both theemergency and longer stabilisation phase.On the other hand, the poorest of the poor, around 20 per cent of <strong>to</strong>tal,may not have access <strong>to</strong> network or resources <strong>to</strong> even go <strong>to</strong> India. Butthose who go <strong>to</strong> Gulf States and Malaysia remit almost 100 per cent of themoney they save precisely because they cannot keep money <strong>in</strong>def<strong>in</strong>itelythere. And figures show that these people who go <strong>to</strong> Gulf States andSouth East Asia are the ones who have been susta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>Nepal</strong>eseeconomy. Remittances from Gulf accounted for almost 75 per cent of <strong>to</strong>talremittance for <strong>Nepal</strong> (Khatri 2007). However there are other dimensionsof these migrants we have forgotten. By categoris<strong>in</strong>g them as less skilled,we have misunders<strong>to</strong>od the dynamic nature of the flow of knowledge,skill and acquisition. By bundl<strong>in</strong>g them <strong>in</strong><strong>to</strong> a box of unskilled labour forceand clos<strong>in</strong>g the lid of the box thereafter, we have been clos<strong>in</strong>g our eyes <strong>to</strong>what new development takes place <strong>in</strong> their capacity as human resources.This belief that they cannot ga<strong>in</strong> anyth<strong>in</strong>g goes aga<strong>in</strong>st the many researchbasedevidence of sociological understand<strong>in</strong>g. It has been proved thatthere is a dual relationship between <strong>in</strong>dividual as a subject and societyas a structure <strong>in</strong> which daily practices of livelihoods of subject takeplace. Sociological theories have proved that the structure of the societydeterm<strong>in</strong>es the disposition of human as <strong>in</strong>dividuals who occupy positionwith<strong>in</strong> it as much as the human be<strong>in</strong>g can <strong>in</strong>fluence the structure. So, <strong>to</strong>assume that the labour migrants cannot ga<strong>in</strong> any form of new knowledgeand skill <strong>in</strong> the migration process and <strong>in</strong> the dest<strong>in</strong>ation country is nottrue. In the context of the <strong>Nepal</strong>, it has not seen how this new knowledgeget localised and how it is used for local positive outcomes.A controversy surround<strong>in</strong>g remittance is its impact on <strong>in</strong>equality. Ampleexamples can be cited on both ends of the debate. But the f<strong>in</strong>al conclusiondepends upon a host of criteria used <strong>to</strong> evaluate the debate: some ofthem be<strong>in</strong>g time frame, location, type of <strong>in</strong>equality etc. (Khatri 2007).A study <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh reveals that though migration could <strong>in</strong>crease<strong>in</strong>equality between well <strong>to</strong> do and very poor with<strong>in</strong> the village of orig<strong>in</strong>, ithas decreased <strong>in</strong>equality between traditionally rich people <strong>in</strong> the villagesand the many poorer households that had opportunities <strong>to</strong> earn moneyabroad. This has also resulted <strong>in</strong> chang<strong>in</strong>g of perception of the traditionallyrich people <strong>to</strong>wards the poorer. It has also opened different avenues of<strong>in</strong>tegration between the rich and the poor (for example, through trademade possible by open<strong>in</strong>g shops by remitted money, friendship betweenchildren and thus between houses as the children of migrants household179