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8. ConclusionThe Remake of a StateLand is one of the key factors to determine power structure, especially inan agrarian structure, of a society. Unequal distribution of land is the basisfor differential access to resource (land) or principal means of production.It creates different agrarian classes in hierarchy. This is manifestedin various forms such as discrimination, dominance, exploitation andviolence.In spite of the past development interventions, political changes andland reform programmes, the feudal and historical legacies in productionrelation have not changed much. As a result, this has helped in perpetuatingthe socioeconomic inequalities in every spheres of Nepalese societyresulting into a fertile ground for conflict and violence.On the one hand, a privileged minority group or landed aristocracy hasalways been exploiting landless people and are becoming richer at thecost of the helpless ones. On the other, these landed ruling class areeverywhere in state governance. Land-based agenda has not been yet acentral agenda of the state, and same production relations have remainedas it used to be in the past. In such a reality, those who are exploited anddiscriminated can never think, feel or realise themselves as a responsiblecitizen of the nation. Hence, guaranteeing the access of land to themajority of the poor people is one of the necessary conditions to attainmeaningful state building.Scientific land reform can help create a broader basis for socioeconomictransformation in general, and foster the pace of reducing land-baseddominance, discrimination and exploitation in particular. Therefore,aforesaid specific measures should be adopted to attain efficiency(increasing production per unit area) and equity (special focus onthe landless and disadvantaged people) of land reform. It should bedirected towards the economic prosperity of citizens as well as peaceand sustainable development of the nation. Hence, national integrationand state building should be viewed from the window of the class basedperspectives.165
Addressing land-based discriminationReferencesAllport GW. 1954. The Nature of Prejudice. Washington: Addeson Wesley.Blaikie PM, Cameron J, Seddon D. 2000. The Struggle for Basic Needs in Nepal.New Delhi: Adroit Publisher.CBS [Central Bureau of Statistics]. 2006. Resilience amidst Conflict: AnAssessment of Poverty in Nepal, 1995-96 and 2003-04. Kathmandu:CBS, National Planning Secretariat, Government of Nepal.Galtung J. 1996. Peace by Peaceful Means: Peace and Conflict, Developmentand Civilization. London and New Delhi: International Peace ResearchInstitute and Sage Publications.Joseph S. 2004. Political Theory and Power. New Delhi: Foundation Books.Lieten L, Srivastava P. 1999. Unequal Partners: Power Relation, Devolution andDevelopment in Uttarpradesh. New Delhi/Thousand Oaks/London:Sage Publications.Meyer T, Chalise SC. 1999. Legislative elite and the Nepalese parliament: A studyof their class characteristics. Nepalese Studies 26:27-64.Sen A. 1981. Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation.Oxford: Clarendon Press.Sen A. 1997. Social Exclusion: Concept, Application, and Scrutiny. Manila: AsianDevelopment Bank.Thompson WE, Hickey JV. 1994. An Introduction to Sociology: Society in Focus.New York: Harpers Collins College Publishers.Verma BN, Verma N. 1993a. Agrarian Tension and Conflict (Volume I). New Delhi:Ashis Publishing House.Verma BN, Verma N. 1993b. Agrarian Tension and Conflict (Volume II). NewDelhi: Ashis Publishing House.Zaman MA. 1973. Evaluation of Land Reform in Nepal. Kathmandu: Ministry ofLand Reform.∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗166
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Preface and acknowledgementState bu
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Chapter 13 Reconciliation and reint
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Post-conflict state buildingdebated
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Post-conflict state buildingOthers
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Post-conflict state buildinglead to
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Post-conflict state buildingboundar
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Post-conflict state buildingThe dev
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Post-conflict state buildingReferen
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Chapter2Conceptual framework forpos
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The Remake of a StateThe first and
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The Remake of a StateFigure 2.2 Com
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The Remake of a StateFigure 2.4 Int
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The Remake of a StateDealing with t
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The Remake of a StateFigure 2.8 Fac
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The Remake of a Statescience and in
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The Remake of a StateKapilvastu dis
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The Remake of a State2.7.3 Controll
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The Remake of a Statetemporary. The
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The Remake of a StateFigure 2.11 Co
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2.8 International relations and for
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The Remake of a StateThough state e
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The Remake of a StateThese mismatch
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The Remake of a StateUpreti BR Nepa
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Chapter3Private sector in post-conf
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The Remake of a StateDuring the pas
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The Remake of a StateThe data prese
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The Remake of a State5. Foreign dir
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The Remake of a Stateaid, people at
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The Remake of a StateThe SLF campai
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The Remake of a Stateis a widesprea
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The Remake of a Stateoptions for th
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The Remake of a StateThe World Bank
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Chapter4Addressing poverty andpromo
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The Remake of a Stateof 1990 decide
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The Remake of a Statewidened gap be
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The Remake of a Stategiven for cate
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The Remake of a Statecommunity fore
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The Remake of a StateBox 4.4 Rajaya
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The Remake of a Statecoaching and s
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The Remake of a State6.1 DAGs or bi
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The Remake of a Statetime taken to
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The Remake of a StateReferencesBenn
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The Remake of a StatePokharel BK. 1
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Chapter5Sustainable tourism and pos
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2. Theoretical backgroundThe Remake
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The Remake of a StateFigure 5.1 Hol
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The Remake of a Statenation from to
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The Remake of a Statein the Nationa
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The Remake of a Statethrough apprec
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The Remake of a Stateforeign curren
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The Remake of a StateFigure 5.2 Ins
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The Remake of a StateYearTable 5.1
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The Remake of a Statethe nation but
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The Remake of a StateFrance L. 2006
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The Remake of a StateSNV Nepal. 200
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Chapter6Forestland reform:Transferr
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The Remake of a Statestatus of Nepa
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The Remake of a Stateactivity patte
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The Remake of a Stateof intelligenc
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The Remake of a StateBox 11.1 CRV s
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The Remake of a Statecontrary to co
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The Remake of a Statecountry in thi
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7.1 Small armsThe Remake of a State
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7.5 Myths and misconceptionsThe Rem
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The Remake of a Statethe government
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The Remake of a StateIncreasing pol
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The Remake of a Statepart of the we
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The Remake of a Statepower, apoliti
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The Remake of a StateKantipur. 2008
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The Remake of a StateWilson JQ, Kel
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Chapter12Proliferation of small arm
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The Remake of a StateMinister 4 hig
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The Remake of a Statearmaments cost
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The Remake of a StateFigure 12.1 Va
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The Remake of a Statesevere problem
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The Remake of a Statecollective fra
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The Remake of a Stateto the public.
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The Remake of a State3.6.4 Border m
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The Remake of a StateIANSA [Interna
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Chapter13Reconciliation andreintegr
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The Remake of a Statestrengthening
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The Remake of a Statethe relationsh
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The Remake of a StateThe compositio
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The Remake of a Statefrequently. Of
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The Remake of a StateThe participan
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The Remake of a Stateenvironment, p
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The Remake of a StateHence, engagin
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The Remake of a Stategiving respons
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The Remake of a Statea) Verificatio
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The Remake of a State• Criminal p
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The Remake of a Staterehabilitation
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The Remake of a StateBarron M. 1996
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The Remake of a StateTutu D. 1999.
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Chapter14Contradiction and duality:
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The Remake of a Statedomestic polit
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The Remake of a Statequite a bit of
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The Remake of a StateIdeological co
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The Remake of a Statechange. Democr
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The Remake of a Stateagainst the ru
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The Remake of a Statehas to update
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The Remake of a StateContradictions
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The Remake of a Statethe usual rule
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Chapter15The long and winding road
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The Remake of a Stateof ethnic and
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The Remake of a Stateactors current
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About the editorsBishnu Raj Upreti
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