English - Support to Participatory Constitution Building in Nepal ...

The Remake of a Stateensure reaching of resources to local community and marginalisedgroups.• ensure public participation in project planning and monitoring (publichearing, social auditing and geographical auditing) as well as inclusion.Social inclusion is a process of overcoming functional, institutionaland policy barriers at macro and micro levels to increase the accessof poor, marginalised and backward people to the developmentopportunities.• alter the existing elite-biased development incentive system. Changesin incentive systems and improvement of the capacity of the state andcommunity are requisites for the success of post-conflict development.Reach of development benefits to marginalised people leads to theirpolitical, social and economic empowerment. When tangible benefitsto poorest, landless and marginalised people are assured, several risksrelated to post-conflict social tensions and potential manipulations byradicals and extremists can be minimised.• make social inclusion a priority of post-conflict development with aclear institutional mechanism and operational arrangement to ensureinclusion of the excluded to address poverty, inequality, injustice anddiscriminations and to generate employment in the project area.• accept the conflict risk assessment (CRA) as an integral monitoringtool. This is a concept, process, tool as well as strategy. It is a conceptbecause it provides powerful understanding of conflict situation andlevel of associated risks. CRA is a process because it is not a one timeevent and has to be continuously practised during the entire periodof conflict. It is because the conflict situation is always dynamic andscale, intensity and patterns of it change frequently. It is also a toolof analysing the degree, intensity and effects of conflict as it offersspecific instruments to assess conflict. CRA is also a strategy because itis intended to minimise the potential conflict risks to development anddevise appropriate response options. Based on CRA, geographical areasof development can be categorised as very high, high, moderate, lowand no risk areas. Similarly, demographic zones can also be identifiedbased on CRA as highly sensitive, sensitive and normal.3.7.1 Conflict sensitive development planning and project cyclemanagementIn the post-conflict context, development must be conflict sensitive.Conflict sensitive development requires conducive policy context,responsive institutions and committed actors in addition to political139