English - Support to Participatory Constitution Building in Nepal ...

The Remake of a StateFigure 5.1 Holistic framework of STSource: Adapted from Kruk et al. (2007)Sustainability implies permanence. So, ST includes optimum use ofresources, including biological diversity; minimisation of ecological,cultural and social impacts; and maximisation of benefits to conservationand local communities. Making tourism sustainable is a major challenge,requiring partnership and cooperation both within and between thetourism industry, governments, non-government organisations (nationaland international) and tourists themselves (STN 2007).The definition and nature of ST also reveals that it is of a holisticcomposition with its composite, complex, multi-layered, and sophisticatedcharacteristics in link with multidisciplinary fields that directly andindirectly affects several sectors in the economy (hospitality, transport,accommodation, entertainment etc.). The compositeness of the tourismsector revels that it is a combination of product (proper combinationof nature and/or culture and attractions like site and event), price(appropriateness), place (accessibility to reach the tourist destination),people (human resources with desired delivery of service standard) andpromotion (interactive marketing).ST, when compared with mass tourism 3 , is also assumed as simplyanother type of sensitive forms of tourism, synonymous with alternative3It is generally associated with the exploitation and deleterious effect as it impinges on important andfragile natural environments.91