The Relation of Science and Religion.pdf - Online Christian Library
The Relation of Science and Religion.pdf - Online Christian Library The Relation of Science and Religion.pdf - Online Christian Library
RELATIONS OF ORGANISMS. 193insects, bearing them to their nests for consumption,besides going off in search of honeywhich may be within reach, and not guardedwith spikes. This mode of providing impliesa very busy life, and they do not as a rulegrudge work. Besides procuring supplies,however, there is a large amount of labor inthe care bestowed upon their young. Withoutattempting to distinguish various orders,of which "more than seven hundred kindsare known," * a general description of theiryoung will suffice. In the earliest stage oftheir existence, the larvz are small conicalshaped grubs, without power of movement.In this state they are fed, carried about fromplace to place as if their seniors were seekingchange of air and temperature for them; andin process of these removals and arrangements,they are often grouped together inseparate companies, and in exact order accordingto their size. In their next stage,they become pupae, sometimes quite exposed,in other cases covered with a thin silken eovering.From this, they pass into the maturestate as perfect insects, and in process ofthis transition older ants render assistanceby way of aiding the transition, " carefully* See Appendix VIII.
unfolding their legs and smoothing out theirwings."In the ant nest there is a singular distinctionof orders which prevents us speaking ofthe parent ants as doing all this work for theyoung. The great majority in every nest areneuters, not producing young; these are theworkers, and they are destitute of wings.The smaller numbers only are the males andfemales producing the young. The workers,shorn of wings, and entrusted with all thatis required in household and out-door duties,labor assiduously. These neuter ants haveoccasioned special perplexity to Mr. Darwinas bearing on the theory of evolution, a difficultywhich is seriously increased by the factthat in some cases they " differ from eachother, sometimes to an almost incredible degree,and are thus divided into two or eventhree castes," and these " do not colnmonlygraduate into each other," but are "as distinctfrom each other as any two species."*Without following Mr. Darwin through hisreasoning as to the adaptation of neuters fortheir task in life, it may be well to quote hiswords towards its close, where he says, "IOrigin of Species, 6th ed. p. 230.
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RELATIONS OF ORGANISMS. 193insects, bearing them to their nests for consumption,besides going <strong>of</strong>f in search <strong>of</strong> honeywhich may be within reach, <strong>and</strong> not guardedwith spikes. This mode <strong>of</strong> providing impliesa very busy life, <strong>and</strong> they do not as a rulegrudge work. Besides procuring supplies,however, there is a large amount <strong>of</strong> labor inthe care bestowed upon their young. Withoutattempting to distinguish various orders,<strong>of</strong> which "more than seven hundred kindsare known," * a general description <strong>of</strong> theiryoung will suffice. In the earliest stage <strong>of</strong>their existence, the larvz are small conicalshaped grubs, without power <strong>of</strong> movement.In this state they are fed, carried about fromplace to place as if their seniors were seekingchange <strong>of</strong> air <strong>and</strong> temperature for them; <strong>and</strong>in process <strong>of</strong> these removals <strong>and</strong> arrangements,they are <strong>of</strong>ten grouped together inseparate companies, <strong>and</strong> in exact order accordingto their size. In their next stage,they become pupae, sometimes quite exposed,in other cases covered with a thin silken eovering.From this, they pass into the maturestate as perfect insects, <strong>and</strong> in process <strong>of</strong>this transition older ants render assistanceby way <strong>of</strong> aiding the transition, " carefully* See Appendix VIII.