The Relation of Science and Religion.pdf - Online Christian Library
The Relation of Science and Religion.pdf - Online Christian Library The Relation of Science and Religion.pdf - Online Christian Library
RELATIONS OF ORGANISMS. 175head is pressed into the core of this flowerthe pollen is deposited, and provision for fertilizationis complete. Special features appearingin certain classes of the orchids illustrateBow it is possible for the bee so ladento visit many flowers without depositing thepollen, yet a little later accomplish the objectquite simply. The following illustration fromMr. Darwin's account of the first orchid selected,will suffice. Just a6ove the entranceto the honey store, lies a pouch connectedwith the pollen store. As the head of thebee is pressed down towards the honey, thispouch is burst open, and from it issues a littlesticky gland or disc, or it may be two ofthese discs. These adhere at once to the headof the bee, and being connected by a slightband with packets of pollen grains so soon asthe animal retires the pollen is drawn with it,standing out like a seed vessel on the head.The strangest part of the contrivance appearsin what thereafter follows. " The viscid matterhas the peculiar chemical quality, of settinglike cement, hard and dry in a few minutes."Suppose both the little viscid ballshave been withdrawn, the bands bearing thepollen will appear "projecting up like horns."
176 SCIENCE AND RELIGION.*' How then can the flower be fertilized ? Thisis effected by a beautiful contrivance; thoughthe viscid surface remains immovably affixed,the apparently insignificant and minute discof membrane to which the caudicle adheresis endowed with a remarkable power of contraction,which causes the polliniuin to sweepthrough an angle of about ninety degrees, alwaysin one direction towards the apex of theproboscis, in the course of thirty seconds onan average."* That is, the two erections bearingpackets of pollen which formerly stoodup almost perpendicular, like horns, begin tolower until they reach the horizontal; in thisway when the bee enters a flower the packetsof pollen inevitably touch the seed stores, communicatingwhat is required for their fertilization.Nor have we even yet the whole ofthe contrivances adapted for this end. 'l Herecomes into play another pretty adaptation."The seed vessel to be fertilized is very sticky,'l but not so viscid as when touched by a polliniumto pull the whole off an insect's head."But it is sufficiently adhesive "to break theelastic threads by which the packets of pollengrains are tied together." In this way, it* fitilizcltion, p. l2
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176 SCIENCE AND RELIGION.*' How then can the flower be fertilized ? Thisis effected by a beautiful contrivance; thoughthe viscid surface remains immovably affixed,the apparently insignificant <strong>and</strong> minute disc<strong>of</strong> membrane to which the caudicle adheresis endowed with a remarkable power <strong>of</strong> contraction,which causes the polliniuin to sweepthrough an angle <strong>of</strong> about ninety degrees, alwaysin one direction towards the apex <strong>of</strong> theproboscis, in the course <strong>of</strong> thirty seconds onan average."* That is, the two erections bearingpackets <strong>of</strong> pollen which formerly stoodup almost perpendicular, like horns, begin tolower until they reach the horizontal; in thisway when the bee enters a flower the packets<strong>of</strong> pollen inevitably touch the seed stores, communicatingwhat is required for their fertilization.Nor have we even yet the whole <strong>of</strong>the contrivances adapted for this end. 'l Herecomes into play another pretty adaptation."<strong>The</strong> seed vessel to be fertilized is very sticky,'l but not so viscid as when touched by a polliniumto pull the whole <strong>of</strong>f an insect's head."But it is sufficiently adhesive "to break theelastic threads by which the packets <strong>of</strong> pollengrains are tied together." In this way, it* fitilizcltion, p. l2
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