The Relation of Science and Religion.pdf - Online Christian Library
The Relation of Science and Religion.pdf - Online Christian Library The Relation of Science and Religion.pdf - Online Christian Library
RELA TZONS OF ORGANISMS. 173tioil of honey, all adapted to the nature ofinsects, suited for the work of pollen carrying.The attractions of form, color, and scentin the flowers are well known to us; but theyare also appreciated by the insects,-a factwhich may possibly suggest that a high degreeof intellectual power is not required forappreciation of these qualities, as no one professesthat bees rank high intellectually. Atthe same time, if comparisons are to he madeat this point, the farther suggestion may alsobe introduced, that there is little testimonyto intelligence where search for food is concerned,and while the human race do not feedon flowers, insects are constantly feedingfrom them. The attractions in the two casestherefore vary considerably in their significance.Restricting attention, however, to thespecial field of observation now before us,with the view simply of ascertaining the relationsof plants and insects, color and honeypresent the two most prominent attractionsaccounting for the perpetual hum of lifeheard amongst the flowering plants. Differentparts of the flower provide for variegatedcoloring, and stores of honey; these presentattractions to the insects; and the structure
174 SCIENCE AND RELIGION.of the flowers as they provide for the landingof the insects, and require that they penetrateto their centre for the secreted honey,secures that the work needful for fertilizationbe effectually done. This last feature of adaptationis that on which attention may be speciallyconcentrated here. Mr. Darwin in treatingof orchids has described this part of theirstructure in these words;--" In almost all thespecies, one of the petals (or leaves of theflower) which is properly the upper one, islarger than the others and stands on thelower side of the flower, where it offers alanding-place for insects." * Towards the inneror root end of this leaf (labellurn) is thegland, in some flowers appearing only as aslit, in others forming like a tube, (nectury)which secrets the honey. Just over the entranceto the part where the honey is to befound stands that which secrets the pollenprepared for fertilizing some other flower.So soon as the bee or other insect presses itshead well into the centre of the flower, someof the pollen adheres to it; when the head iswithdrawn, this pollen is borne off to theflower which the bee next visits; and as the* Fertilization,p 6.
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RELA TZONS OF ORGANISMS. 173tioil <strong>of</strong> honey, all adapted to the nature <strong>of</strong>insects, suited for the work <strong>of</strong> pollen carrying.<strong>The</strong> attractions <strong>of</strong> form, color, <strong>and</strong> scentin the flowers are well known to us; but theyare also appreciated by the insects,-a factwhich may possibly suggest that a high degree<strong>of</strong> intellectual power is not required forappreciation <strong>of</strong> these qualities, as no one pr<strong>of</strong>essesthat bees rank high intellectually. Atthe same time, if comparisons are to he madeat this point, the farther suggestion may alsobe introduced, that there is little testimonyto intelligence where search for food is concerned,<strong>and</strong> while the human race do not feedon flowers, insects are constantly feedingfrom them. <strong>The</strong> attractions in the two casestherefore vary considerably in their significance.Restricting attention, however, to thespecial field <strong>of</strong> observation now before us,with the view simply <strong>of</strong> ascertaining the relations<strong>of</strong> plants <strong>and</strong> insects, color <strong>and</strong> honeypresent the two most prominent attractionsaccounting for the perpetual hum <strong>of</strong> lifeheard amongst the flowering plants. Differentparts <strong>of</strong> the flower provide for variegatedcoloring, <strong>and</strong> stores <strong>of</strong> honey; these presentattractions to the insects; <strong>and</strong> the structure