Linux System Administration Recipes A Problem-Solution Approach

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CHAPTER 11 ■ TRACKING DOWN BUGSPriority Labelmailmarknewssysloguseruucplocal0–local7DescriptionFor any mail applicationProduces timestamps in log filesFor any news applicationGeneral log messagesAny user process; also the default facilityUUCP messagesReserved for local useTable 11-2. syslog Priority LevelsSecurity Level Priority Keyword0 Emergencies emerg1 Alerts alert2 Critical crit3 Errors err4 Warning warning5 Notifications notice6 Informational info7 Debugging debugTo set up where logging messages are recorded and which ones are recorded, edit /etc/syslog.conf. To log all messages with a severity higher than notifications to a single file, use this line:*.notice/var/log/messagesThis is really a bit general, though. Let’s break out the mail messages into a separate file:*.notice;mail.nonemail.notice/var/log/messages/var/log/mail224Download at WoweBook.Com
CHAPTER 11 ■ TRACKING DOWN BUGSThe first line logs all messages with priority notice and above, except for mail messages, which itdoesn’t log at all (the none priority). The second line logs all messages with facility mail and prioritynotice and above to a separate file. To extend this to news messages, use this:*.notice;mail,news.none /var/log/messagesmail.notice /var/log/mailnews.notice /var/log/newsThis now excludes the news messages from the general file as well and adds them instead to theirown log file at /var/log/news. You can treat any facility and priority similarly. Remember that youprobably want to keep a catchall file (*.priority) at /var/log/messages, even if you think you’ve brokenout all expected facilities into their own log files.Use = to log only that priority without including the ones above it:=mail.notice=mail.warn/var/log/mail.notice/var/log/mail.warnYou can also use – to avoid syncing the log file after each log entry. This is useful if you have anetwork logging host that gets logins from lots of machines.■ Note You can also send messages to a particular user. Here’s an example:auth.critadminThis will send all authorization messages of critical or above severity to the admin user.It’s useful to break out messages of particular known types to limit the amount of messages youhave to wade through in /var/log/messages when debugging, but be aware that this does also increasethe likelihood of your missing a relevant message if you’re tracking down a more complicated bug or onethat you don’t understand yet. However, equally it will make it much easier to track down a bug in, say,the mail system, if you need to look at only a single file that has all the mail messages in and nothing else.■ Note To watch /var/log/messages in real time, use tail -f /var/log/messages. This is incredibly usefulwhen debugging.225Download at WoweBook.Com
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Contents■About the Author .......
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■ CONTENTS3-7. Writing a Nagios P
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■ CONTENTS■Chapter 8: Using the
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■ CONTENTSAbout the Author■Juli
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■ CONTENTSAcknowledgmentsMany tha
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■ CONTENTSIntroductionThis book i
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■ INTRODUCTIONDownloading the Cod
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C H A P T E R 1■ ■ ■Saving Yo
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CHAPTER 1 ■ SAVING YOURSELF EFFOR
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C H A P T E R 2■ ■ ■Centraliz
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CHAPTER 2 ■ CENTRALIZING YOUR NET
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C H A P T E R 3■ ■ ■Monitorin
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CHAPTER 3 ■ MONITORING AND UPDATI
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C H A P T E R 4■ ■ ■Taking Ba
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CHAPTER 4 ■ TAKING BACKUPS AND MA
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C H A P T E R 5■ ■ ■Working w
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CHAPTER 5 ■ WORKING WITH FILESYST
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C H A P T E R 6■ ■ ■Securing
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CHAPTER 6 ■ SECURING YOUR SYSTEMS
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C H A P T E R 7■ ■ ■Working w
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CHAPTER 7 ■ WORKING WITH APACHEOn
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CHAPTER 7 ■ WORKING WITH APACHEdi
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CHAPTER 7 ■ WORKING WITH APACHE4.
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CHAPTER 7 ■ WORKING WITH APACHE
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CHAPTER 7 ■ WORKING WITH APACHEAl
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CHAPTER 7 ■ WORKING WITH APACHE
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C H A P T E R 8■ ■ ■Making Be
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Page 225 and 226: CHAPTER 10 ■ THINGS GO IN, THINGS
Page 233 and 234: C H A P T E R 11■ ■ ■Tracking
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Page 251 and 252: C H A P T E R 12■ ■ ■Managing
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Page 267 and 268: APPENDIX■ ■ ■Perl TipsSee rec
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Page 271 and 272: APPENDIX ■ PERL TIPSPerl Syntax N
Page 273 and 274: ■ ■ ■Index■Symbols$CDPATH,
Page 275 and 276: ■ INDEXenscript option (printing)
Page 277 and 278: ■ INDEX■NNagiosadding hosts to,
Page 279 and 280: ■ INDEXsyslogcentralized logging
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